Type 2 diabetic patients are usually accompanied by dyslipidemia.The cardiovascular residual risk is still high in these patients,even with glycemia,blood pressure,and plasma lipids well controlled.In this review,the relationship of plasma lipids and changes in lipoprotein particles with cardiovascular risk is discussed.

PTEN gene is considered to be the first discovered tumor suppressor gene with dual specificity phosphatase activity.The research has shown that the increasing popularity of PTEN rests on its important roles in cancer cell growth,differentiation,signaling transduction and cell apoptosis.Besides,the mutation of PTEN is related to cancer initiation and progression.The recent advances on PTEN gene in malignant tumors will be reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To study the variation of X chromosome centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal individuals and to discuss the mechanism of Klinefelter's syndrome X chromosome nondisjunction.Methods:The multi-copies of a 2Kb tandem repeat unit on X chromosome of centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA were simultaneously amplified with reasonable primers by (representative sampling of multiple repetitive units,rep)PCR,and the mechanism of X chromosome aneuploidy resulted by abnormal structure of centromere was investigated.Results:1774bp,570bp and 1410bp,583bp,220 bp (three short fragments are resulted by deletion in alpha satellite DNA) were detected in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal karyotype controls.There were 1774bp and 1410bp DNA fragments in all of samples.The relative frequencies of 570bp and 583 bp were significantly higher in Klinefelter's syndrome patients than in normal karyotype controls,the 220bp was not found significantly different in the three groups.Conclusion:Deletion in the region of Alpha Satellite DNA is present at centromeres of all human X chromosome,while Klinefelter's syndrome patients and their parents show higher frequency than normal individuals.These results imply that analysis of deletion on X-specific ?satellite of the parents during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy plays a important role either in estimating the risk of repruducing Klinefelter's syndrome or in providing the guideline for prenatal chromosome diagnosis of villus and amniotic fluid.

Objective To explore relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance and lipid levels in pa-tients with lacunar infarction (LI) .Methods 68 patients with LI were retrospectively analyzed ,62 cases patients without heart ce-rebrovascular disease in the same period were choosen as control group ,the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between MRI performance ,the changed level of lipid .Results A total of 299 lacunar lesions were detected by MRI ,in which there were 58(19 .40% )in the left cerebral hemisphere ,26(8 .70% ) in the right hemisphere ,73(24 .41% ) in the bilateral basal ganglia ,27 (9 .03% ) in thalamus ,54 (18 .06% ) in the lateral ventricles corona radiata ,39 (13 .04% ) in brainstem ,and 22 (7 .36% ) in cerebellum .TC ,TG ,LDL-C and Ox-LDL levels in LI patients were significantly higher than the controls (P<0 .05) , while HDL-C levels were significantly lower than the controls (P<0 .05) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that relative risk of TC ,TG ,LDL-C ,HDL-C and Ox-LDL to LI were 1 .56 ,1 .27 ,1 .39 ,1 .46 and 1 .44 .Conclusion The MRI manifestations and lipid levels of LI have a certain degree of correlation ,and elevated blood lipid levels may be important risk factors for LI .

The roots ofApium graveolens L. have been widely used in Uighur Medicine. Research has shown that roots ofApium graveolens L. has good clinical efficacy in the aspects of liver protection and lipid decreasing, hyperlipidemia treatment and so on. This article reviewed research on the chemical components, extraction process, and pharmacological action of roots ofApium graveolens L. so far, with purposes to better develop and utilize roots of Apium graveolens L., and provide references for follow-up study.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on the treatment for laryngeal contact granuloma.METHODSSixty seven patients with laryngeal contact granuloma who were diagnosed in our department from March 2010 to October 2014 were enrolled in this study and all patients received PPI therapy, meanwhile the clinical data of the patients was analyzed. The follow-up period was at least half a year.RESULTS The 67 patients were treated well with the PPI. Fifty patients were cured, 11 patients were obvious improved, 4 patients were improved and 2 patients were invalid. The total efficacy rate was 97.01%. The average time of PPI used in small lesion group was shorter than that in large lesion group.CONCLUSIONPPI is effective for laryngeal contact granuloma, it can be recommended the first choice for the treatment of the disease.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Decoction on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Methods Totally 106 patients with elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were divided into control group (53 cases) and treatment group (53 cases), according to random number table method. The control group was treated with routine western medicine, while the treatment group was given Bushen Huoxue Decoction along with western medicine treatment for 8 weeks. The changes of TCM syndrome, blood pressure, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment of the two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of anti-hypertension was 94.33%(50/53) in the treatment group and was 77.35% (41/53) in the control group. The total effective rate of clinical symptoms was 96.22%(51/53) in the treatment group and was 79.24%(42/53) in the control group. After treatment, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were improved significantly in the treatment group, with statistical significance compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Decoction combined with western medicine achieves the good efficacy on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on two tone fear extinction design in rats.Methods In AAA design,the rats received fear conditioning,extinction training and extinction test in the same context.In AAB design,the rats received fear conditioning and extinction training in context A,extinction test in context B.In each task,40 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 per group),and L-NAME(10,20 and 40 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) 30 min prior to extinction training.Percent freezing was used as an index for fear memory during extinction test phases.Further experiments were used to test state-dependency effects or nonspecific changes of locomotor activity that followed L-NAME injection.Results In AAA design,percent freezing was (27.42 ± 6.52) ％ in saline group,and (30.83 ±7.15) ％,(32.49 ± 8.55) ％,(38.94 ± 11.48) ％ in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.There was no significant difference in the level of percent freezing among the four groups (P＞0.05).In AAB design,percent freezing was (30.32 ± 6.15) ％ in saline group,and (32.83 ± 6.64) ％,(39.49 ± 8.74) ％,(49.94 ± 10.83) ％in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.Compared with saline,only rats with L-NAME 40 mg/kg showed more levels of freezing (P ＜0.01).In state-dependency effects test,compared with Sal-Sal group ((26.73 ±5.62) ％) which received both saline injections 30 min before extinction training and extinction test,respectively,both NAME-Sal group((48.44 ± 10.46) ％) and NAME-NAME group((61.25 ± 13.24) ％) showed more levels of freezing (P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion These results show that L-NAME produces a task-dependent impairment of fear extinction,and implies that nitric oxide signaling is involved in memory process of certain extinction tasks.

Objective: To study review the experience of the preparation method of total nutrient admixture(TNA).Methods: 273 patients receive TNA in 2005.More than 4 200 bags of TNA were prepared.Results: There were no infusion reaction and complication in clinical application because of unsuitable preparation.100 bags of TNA were detected for bacteris and all were negative.Conclusion: The ingredients of parenteral nutrition are various and the preparation is important.Strict aseptic technique and preparation procession are wanted.

Loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells,neurons of brain stem and degeneration of spinal ciruits are major morphologic changes in most patients with ataxia.Studies on spinocerebellar ataxia have focused on pathogenesis in recent years. Different genotypes have been identified by genolineage analysis and gene study. This study reviews the literatare on the classification,clinical features and pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia.