Abnormal contract and relaxation of the bladder is closely correlated with detrusor instability.In the recent years,with advanced studies of its related nervous system,deeper insights have been gained into the mechanism underlying the influence of nerve receptors on bladder contraction and relaxation in the pathological state,which involves the changes of M-AR,?-AR and P-AR.The receptors that regulate the contraction of the bladder mainly include M-AR and P-AR,and ?-AR is chiefly responsible for adjusting its relaxation.An understanding of these mechanisms may provide a direction and a foundation for the studies of clinical therapies and development of new drugs for this disease.

BACKGROUND:The immature disc nucleus pulposus is composed of notochordal cels, but there is no notochordal cel in the mature human intervertebral disc, in which the notochordal cels are replaced by chondrocyte-like cels. It is very important to comprehend the disappearance of the notochordal cels; however, it is stil unknown at present. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the feasibility of notochordal cels to maintain the proliferation and phenotype of chondrocyte-like cels and to induce the cartilage-like differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. METHODS: The first author used the computer to retrieve PubMed and Wanfang databases using the key words of “notochord cels; nucleus pulposus cels; identify” in English and Chinese, respectively. Totaly 9 896 relevant articles published from January 1999 to August 2015 were retrieved. Repetitive studies were excluded, and finaly 36 articles were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Now, the main functions of notochordal cels are to promote synthesis of extracelular matrix in the nucleus pulposus, induce directional differentiation of mesenchymal cels into nucleus pulposus cels or act as “seed cels” to form the nucleus pulposus cels. The presence and disappearance of notochordal cels is related to intervertebral disc degeneration. Cel apoptosis is involved in static compressionviadeath receptor signals, and then leads to intervertebral disc degeneration. fas ligand can mediate the reduction of notochordal cels, and hypoxia-inducible factor can induce spinal cord injury thereby triggering cel death and complete disappearance of nucleus pulposus. The measurement and verification of immune makers of notochordal cels, CK-8, CK-18 and galectin-3, can benefit to the identification and isolation of notochordal cels, and thereby help the studies on cel growth and differentiation, function and its mechanism of apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of nicardipine,urapidil,and esmolol on baroreflex sensitivity(BRS) in patients with essential hypertension(EH) during induction of general anesthesia.Methods EH patients were divided into four groups,who were given nicardipine 0.5μg/kg(group N,15 cases),urapidil 0.5 mg/kg(group U,16 cases),esmolol 0.25 mg/kg(group E,16 cases)or normal saline (group C,15 cases)at 2 min before induction.The induction of general anesthesia was performed with the same drugs.Sodium nitroprusside 50-100 μg was administered tomake systolic pressure(SBP)decreased by 15-25 mm Hg at different time points of before induction,before incubation,at 5,10,15,20 and 30 rain after intubation.The RR intervel on ECG was recor(ded and BRS was calculated during hypotensive period.Results BRS was reduced in groups of N,U and C after intubation compared with that before(P<0.05 or P<0.01),which was lower in grouP N than that in group C,but was higher in group E than that in group C at all time points(P<0.05).Conclusion The induction of general anesthesia may reduce BRS in EH patients.which is aggravatedby preinjection of nicardipine.Urapidil has no effect on BRS,but esmolol may increase BRS during induction of general anesthesia.

Objective To detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-27,-35 and their common subunit Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) mRNA in peripheral blood from patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV).Methods Peripheral blood was collected from patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) in progressive (n =22),stationary (n =20) and regressive (n =20) stage as well as 30 healthy human controls.A competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum level of IL-27 and IL-35.SYBR Green-based real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out to measure the mRNA expression of EBI3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Results The patients with psoriasis vulgaris showed a higher level of IL-27 and IL-35 compared with the healthy controls.The serum level of IL-27 was significantly higher in the patients with progressive,stationary and regressive psoriasis vulgaris than in the healthy human controls ((226.72 ±71.32) ng/L,(160.80 ± 20.02) ng/L and (181.93 ± 27.36) ng/L vs.(138.66 ± 33.93) ng/L,P＜ 0.01,0.05,0.01,respectively),and higher in the patients with progressive and regressive psoriasis vulgaris than in those with stationary psoriasis vulgaris (P ＜ 0.01,0.05,respectively).Increased serum level of IL-35 was observed in the patients with regressive psoriasis compared with those with progressive and stationary psoriasis and healthy controls ((355.78 ± 49.82) ng/L vs.(309.36 ± 36.10) ng/L,(299.14 ± 31.98) ng/L and (292.43 ± 36.26) ng/L,all P ＜ 0.01),while no statistical difference was observed between the patients with progressive and stationary psoriasos and healthy controls.The mRNA expression level of EBI3 in the patients with progressive,stationary and regressive psoriasis was 20.15,16.17 and 19.74 times,respectively,higher than that in the healthy controls.Conclusion IL-27,IL-35 and EBI3 may function as anti-inflammatory factors in the development,as well as the reversal of progression,of psoriasis.

Objective To compare the curative effects of different ideas for application of vasoactive drugs in patients of congenital heart disease with SPAH during perioperative period and to choose a method to improve the survival rate of patients with high-risk SPAH.Methods Thirty two patients were separated into two groups randomly,one group was treated by vasodilator to dilate the pulmonary artery and decrease the pulmonary pressure as conventional therapeutic strategy,the other was treated by vasoactive drugs to decrease the right cardiac output,which maintain the normal vessel resistance and cardiac output and reduce right heart failure.Indexes were recorded respectively,including hemodynamic,right cardiac working index(RCWI),the time of using respirator and postoperative complications to compare the differences.Results Indexes were recorded in two groups as following:Aortic/pulmonary artery pressure inversion(6.25％ vs.56.25％),RCWI (1626.87 ±411.23 vs.3808.99 ± 275.52),incidence of right heart failure (6.25％ vs.93.75％),respirator applying time[(68.00 ± 7.17) h vs.(115.00 ± 13.68) h],ICU time[(5.0 ± 0.8) d vs.(8.0 ± 1.5) d],incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (6.25％ vs.81.25％),mortality(0 vs.12.5％).Conclusion The new therapeutic idea that using vasoactive drugs to reduce RCW1 and to maintain peripheral vessel resistance and appropriate cardiac output is superior for postoperative complications and mortality reduction.

Objective To explore the relationship between human papilloma virus(HPV)andUreaplasma urealyticum (UU)in-fection in women.Methods A total of 412 outpatient women were checked for 23 HPV DNA types by PCR-RDB.The patients were divided into observation group with HPV infection and control group(random selection 50 cases without HPV infection).UU was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in two groups.Results The HPV positive rate was 12.86%(53/412).16 of 23 HPV types were detected.HPV52 was the most common type.The positive rates of UU for observation group(60.38%,32/53)was sig-nificantly higher than control group(30.00%,15/50),P <0.05.Conclusion The reproductive tract HPV infection in women is re-lated to UU infection.It should be paid attention to in the clinical treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between the MRI features of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and developing vascular dementia (VD). Methods The patients who had ACI history more than 6 months were divided into vascular dementia group and no vascular dementia group by MMSE and CDR evaluations. The MRI data of acute stoke of the two groups were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Results In VD group the happenings of infarction at subcortex of lobus frontalis, subcortex of lobus temporalis, anterior capsula interna, knee of capsula interna, nucleus caudatus and thalamus were more than those in no vascular dementia group (P

Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) gene C270T and sporadic Alzheimer's disease(SAD) in Han Chinese.Methods The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RELP) was used to detect BDNF gene C270T genotype and allele frequencies in 55 SAD patients and 80 age-and sex-matched healthy people(as normal control group).Results The frequencies distribution of BDNF gene C270T genotype and allele in the normal control group were suit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(?2=0.167,P=0.682).The frequencies distribution of genotype and allele in the SAD group[C/C:52(94.5%),C/T:3(5.5%) and C:97.27%,T:2.73%]and normal control group[C/C:74(92.5%),C/T:6(7.5%) and C:96.25%,T:3.75%] were no statistical differences.Conclusion There is no association between the polymorphisms of BDNF gene C270T and SAD in Han Chinese.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is one of the most serious complications associated with thyroid cancer surgery. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) in preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during thyroid cancer surgery, analyze and elaborate the theory, operation standard, application, benefits and disadvantage based on clinical practice.

Objective To study the clinical effect ofprednisone combined with Shuxuening injection on pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Methods 120 cases were randomly recruited into a treatment group and a control group. The control group was treated with prednisone, and the treatment group was additionally given Shuxuening injection on the basis of the control group. The changes of vital capacity (VC), PO_2, PCO_2 and imaging were observed. Results The total effective rate was 81.67% and 66.67% in the treatment group and the control group Respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05). VC and PO_2 were raised in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), while the treatment group showed better results than the control group (P<0.05). PCO2 were also raised in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), while there was no significant diference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were 27 cases (45.00%) and 19 cases (31.67%) showed improvement in imaging in the treatment group and the control group respectively, manifesting a significant difference (P<0.05) . Conclusion Treatment of prednisone with Shuxuening injection is better than prednisone on pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. This method is worthy of clinic promotion.