As the great progress in computer technology, the image reconstruction of PET has been extensively studied, especially the fast methods being able to suppress the noise and meanwhile improve spatial resolution. This paper gives a brief description of the principle and research status of PET reconstructions, and that of 3D PET as well.

Objective To investigate the effect of intracranial aneurysm isolation combined with extra-intracranial bypass in treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysm.Methods From January 2013 to March 2015,there were 32 patients with complex middle cerebral artery aneurysm in our hospital,who were treated by intracranial aneurysm isolation combined with extra-intracranial bypass.The clinical symptoms and image examination after surgery were retrospectively analyzed,and the hemodynamic index of middle cerebral artery before and after treat-ment was statistically analyzed.Results The postoperative clinical symptoms of 25 patients were relieved,the mRS score was 0 point.Seven patients received surgery,1 week later,the muscle force of involved side was grade 2 to 3,the mRS score was 2 to 3 point,the blood flowing smoothly in target vessel,with no original aneurysm,no new ischemic stroke or infarct.After intervention,systolic and diastolic blood flow ve-locity were faster than those before the intervention(P <0.05),blood flow resistance were lower than those before intervention(P <0.05). Conclusion The intracranial aneurysm isolation combined with extra-intracranial bypass can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of pa-tients with complex intracranial aneurysms,with high graft patency rate and reliable effect.

Objective To investigate the effects on the improvement of the function of islet β cell by three intensive insulin treatments on newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes(T2D) in different insulin resistant status.Methods Ninety-eight patients of newly diagnosed T2D were divided into two groups:group with overt insulin resistant status ( IR group) ( HOMA-IR ≥ 5 ); group without overt insulin resistant status ( Non-IR group) ( HOMA-IR ＜ 5).According to the condition of patient,there were six subgroups:IR-CSⅡ group ( n = 20 ); IR-glar group ( n = 22 );IR-aspart 30 group (n=23); Non-IR-CSⅡ group (n= 10); Non-IR-glar group (n=12); Non-IR-aspart 30 group (n = 11 ).Subgroups were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin injection (CSⅡ group),insulin aspart plus insulin glargine ( glar group),and insulin aspart 30 injection ( aspart 30 group) for two weeks,respectively.The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ,fasting C-peptide(C-P) ,2 h plasma glucose (2 hPG) were measured and homeostasis model assessments of beta cell (HOMA-β) and homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) were calculated using fasting C-P.Results The time of blood glucose recover,insulin dosage and the incidence of hypoglycemia of CSⅡ group were lower than those of the glar group and aspart 30 group( P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜0.01 ,respectively).However,there were no significant difference between the glar-group and aspart 30 group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The insulin dosage of Non-IR-subgroups was significantly lower than the IR-subgroups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The △HOMA-IR(C-P) of Non-IR-subgroups was lower than the IR-subgroups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The △HOMA-islet(C-P) of the Non-IR-subgroups was higher than the IR-subgroups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The △HOMA-IR(C-P) ( 1.79 ± 0.15 and 1.51 ±0.09 in IR and non-IR group,respectively) and △HOMA-islet(C-P) (4.01 ±0.21 and 4.35 ±0.23 in IR and Non-IR group,respectively) of the CSⅡ group were higher than those of the glar group (1.63 ± 0.21 and 1.40 ±0.19 of △HOMA-IR (C-P) and 3.86 ± 0.12 and 4.03 ± 0.18 of △HOMA-islet(C-P) in IR and Non-IR group,respectively) and aspart 30 group ( 1.61 ± 0.13 and 1.42 ± 0.1 1 ) △HOMA-islet (C-P) and 3.88 ± 0.32 and 4.01 ±0.14of△HOMA-islet(C-P)inIRandNon-IRgroup,respeetively)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Thethree intensive insulin treatments for newly diagnosed T2D accompanied with high blood glucose may improve the function of β cell and alleviate insulin resistance,especially the CSⅡ.However,the efficacy on T2D with overt insulin resistant status is limited.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Traction ; Upper Extremity ; physiopathology

BACKGROUND: Maintenance and activation of cascade reaction influence T cell proliferation or transformation into nonreactive state even apoptosis. B7 binding to CD28 effectively activates T cells in combination with T cell receptor pathway, and enhances T cell proliferative activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the costimulated activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with CD28 and CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpGODN) MoAb combined with CD80, and its killing effect on human gastric cancerous cell line MKN45 in vitro.METHODS: PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation method, and cocultured with interleukin-2, CD28 and CpGODN MoAb for 1-5 days. MKN45 cells were divided into 4 culture conditions: CD28/CpGODN, CD80 plus CD28/CpG ODN, CD80 alone, and blank control.The killing efficiency was measured by MTT method.The ultramicrostructure of cells was observed by electron microscope. Apoptosis was verified by a flow cytometery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CD80 alone did not display killing effect on MKN45 cells. By MTT method, combination of costimulated activation of PBMC with CD28/CpGODN and CD80 showed enhanced killing effect compared with single therapy (P < 0.05), and the ratio of effector cell and target cell at 15: 1 resulted in half killing efficiency. Electron microscope and flow cytometery verified necrotic or apoptotic cells after 24 hours exposure to costimulated activation. Compared with blank control group, CD80 alone elevated the apoptosis rate of MKN45 cells (P < 0.01). Results from the present study show that CD80 can elevate the killing effect of costimulated activation of PBMC with CD28/CpGODN on MKN45 cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Host immune rejection is the main problem for nerve alograft in the repair of nerve defects. Therefore, how to avoid and minimize the immune rejection is the key to the success of nerve alografting. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new nerve pretreatment method by which Schwann cels and myelin can be removed from the peripheral nerve of dogs while the basilar membrane can be reserved integraly in order to obtain acelular nerve alografts. METHODS:Bilateral sciatic nerves from healthy adult dogs were taken and pretreated with the combined freeze-thaw and chemical methods folowed by microscopic observation of ultrastructural features, histological staining and western blot analysis of its ingredients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pretreated acelular nerves with good ductility and excelent epineurium toughness were empty basal lamina tubes with no Schwann cels, myelin and fragments that were al removed thoroughly, but the basilar membrane was fuly retained. These findings indicate that the optimized combination of freeze-thaw and chemical methods can efficiently clear Schwann cels and myelin which are the major antigenic components in the peripheral nerve, while preserve the basilar membrane to promote nerve regeneration. Therefore, this method can be an ideal method for preparation of tissue engineered nerves.

0.05) among the three groups in cell proliferation in 1~10 d cultures and in total protein content in 4~7 d cultures. At 4 and 7 days, ALP activity of MG63 cells cultivated on AD-TNZS disks was significantly higher than that of cells on the other samples(P

Purpose:To study the efficacies and adverse effects of three different regimens in treatment of patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, which consisted of two doses of CF(20 mg/m 2, 200 mg/m 2) and two methods of administration of 5-Fu (continuous intravenous infusion and two hours per day intravenously) and DDP 20 mg/m 2. Methods:We selected 36 cases with GI adenocarcinoma and randomizedly divided them into A and B groups, who were hospitalized from January 1999 to November 2000. At the same time, 29 cases hospitalized from April 1997 to December 1998 with the same disease were designated as C group (control) . A group: CF 200 mg/(m 2.d) for 5 days, 2 hours intravenously ; 5-Fu 3 g/m 2 , continuous intravenous infusion during 5 days; DDP 20 mg/(m 2.d) for 5 days, 2 hours IV. B group: CF 20mg/(m 2.d) for 5 days, 2 hours, IV.; the dosage and usage of 5-Fu and DDP as A group. C group: CF 200 mg/m 2, usage as A, B groups; 5-Fu 600 mg/(m 2.d) for 5 days, 2 hours; dosage and usage of DDP as A, B groups. One cycle of these regimens consisted of three weeks and they were evaluated after three cycles. Results:There were 8 cases of gastral cancer and 12 of rectal cancer in A group whose response rates were 50% and 41.7% respectively. B group had 7 cases of gastric cancer and 9 cases of rectal cancer, their response rates were 42.9% and 44.4%. C group consisted of 14 cases of gastric cancer and 15 cases of rectal cancer, whose response rates were 35.7%and 40%, respectively. Adverse effects included hematological, renal and bladder and gastrointestinal toxicity. A group was similar to B group. C group had more renal and bladder toxicities(27.5%) and incidence of phlebitis was 34.5%. Conclusions:Combination regimen of low dose of CF, continuous intravenous infusion of 5-Fu and DDP is of better efficacy, tolerance and relative economy, especially suitable for to the elderly patients.

Objective To design a more reasonable method by comparing three existing injury severity scores for evaluating maxillofacial injury severity according to its features by retrospective analysis. Methods Nine hundred and eighty-four cases with maxillofacial trauma (≤30 days before hospitalization) selected from 1 159 cases were stratified by the number of fractures and the sites of trauma. The injury severity was evaluated with ISS, RFISS and MISS respectively. The results of ISS/RFISS/MISS were compared and analyzed with SPSS software. Results MISS could accurately differentiate single from multiple facial injuries. It was more meaningful for evaluating different sites of facial injury compared with ISS and RFISS. Conclusion MISS can be used to evaluate maxillofacial injury objectively and accurately.

Objective To analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial injuries resulted in different causes. Methods A retrospective review was done of patients admitted to the Stomatology Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University from January, 1996 to July, 2003. Data was grouped by different causes. Results 1 188 patients were reviewed, the majority of victims caused by different causes were males, the ratio of male and female is 3.34∶1. Most industrial and sport injury occurred in men. Traffic accidents were the major cause of the midface fracture and mandibular fracture. While violence was the major cause of pure soft injure and alveolar bone fracture. Conclusions Traffic accidents and violence were the major causes of facial injury. The facial injury caused by traffic accidents, industrial accidents and fall was more serious than those caused by other causes. More emphasis should be put on the prevention and treatment of these injuries to minimize the maxillofacial malformation.