Objective To investigate the role of SIAH2 protein in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Human HCC Bel-7404 cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated. Empty carrier small interference ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and SIAH2 siRNA were transfected in human HCC Bel-7404 cells. Then the cells were divided into 2 groups:control-siRNA group and SIAH2-siRNA group. Theβ-actin was taken as control, and the expression of SIAH2 protein in human HCC Bel-7404 cells of 2 groups was detected by Western Blot. The proliferation of cells in 2 groups was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell migration in 2 groups was observed by cell scratch test. Cell invasion in 2 groups was observed by Transwell assay. The data in 2 groups were compared using t test. Results The average relative expression of SIAN2 in control-siRNA and SIAH2-siRNA group were 0.71±0.02, 0.33±0.01 respectively. The expression of SIAN2 in SIAH2-siRNA group decreased obviously compared with that in control-siRNA group (t=-4.629, P<0.05). The proliferation rate in SIAH2-siRNA group also decreased obviously. The cell migration rate in SIAH2-siRNA group[(14.3±0.4)%] was significantly lower than that in control-siRNA group [(45.3±0.4)%]( t=-3.689, P<0.05). The membrane permeating cell count in SIAH2-siRNA group (122±7) was signiifcantly less than that in control-siRNA group (563±10) (t=-3.428, P<0.05). Conclusion SIAH2 protein can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and thus accelerate the occurrence and development of HCC.

The high morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did influence the quality of life of tumor patients world-wide. There is an urgent need to develop new therapies that have high anti-tumor activity and low toxicity side effects. It is widely accepted that autophagy can play diverse roles in carcinogenesis, such as induces pro-death of lung cancer cells or helps the escape from cell death, making it become a proper anticancer target. It's believed that various monomers of Chinese traditional medicine closely correlates to anti-NSCLC activities, and that even could affect the acquired multiple drug resistance (MDR). Furthermore, autophagy might be the underling mechanisms which could play a role as the candidate targets of natural active compounds. Recent studies of terpenoids, alkaloid, dietary polyphenols, saponins and other active ingredients that extracted from a large variety of herbs suggest that different monomer compounds could either regulate the activity of pro-death autophagy or influence the level of protective autophagy of NSCLC cells, thus changing their drug sensitivity and cell viability. This paper aims to give a systemic description of the latest advances about natural compounds and their derivatives that involved in tumorigenesis of NSCLC via inducing the autophagy.

Objective To establish a NOD/SCID mouse model with human immune reconstitution and observe its immune response to human triple-negative breast cancer xenograft. Methods Twenty-four NOD/SCID mice without immune leakage were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment 3 days prior to immune reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) injection and subcutaneous transplantation of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CTX treatment and PBMC injection without tumor cell transplantation, MDA-MB-231 cell transplantation only, or no treatments. The tumor growth and immune responses of the mice were observed at regular intervals. Results Compared with the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution showed prolonged incubation period of tumor formation, slower tumor growth rate and increased survival rate. Human IgG and CD3+T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of the mice 1 week after human PBMC injection. The percentage of CD3+T cells in the spleen cells was 55.3%at 9 weeks in tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution and 52.7% in tumor-bearing mice without immune reconstitution. The spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution was much higher than that in mice with only immune reconstitution and the control mice (9.64 vs 3.82±0.31 and 1.51±0.14 mg/g). Conclusion A stable NOD/SCID mouse model with immune reconstitution has been established successfully, which shows immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and allows studies of immunological therapy study of triple-negative breast cancer.

Objective To establish a NOD/SCID mouse model with human immune reconstitution and observe its immune response to human triple-negative breast cancer xenograft. Methods Twenty-four NOD/SCID mice without immune leakage were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment 3 days prior to immune reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) injection and subcutaneous transplantation of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CTX treatment and PBMC injection without tumor cell transplantation, MDA-MB-231 cell transplantation only, or no treatments. The tumor growth and immune responses of the mice were observed at regular intervals. Results Compared with the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution showed prolonged incubation period of tumor formation, slower tumor growth rate and increased survival rate. Human IgG and CD3+T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of the mice 1 week after human PBMC injection. The percentage of CD3+T cells in the spleen cells was 55.3%at 9 weeks in tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution and 52.7% in tumor-bearing mice without immune reconstitution. The spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution was much higher than that in mice with only immune reconstitution and the control mice (9.64 vs 3.82±0.31 and 1.51±0.14 mg/g). Conclusion A stable NOD/SCID mouse model with immune reconstitution has been established successfully, which shows immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and allows studies of immunological therapy study of triple-negative breast cancer.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for liver metastasis from breast cancer.MethodsClinical data of 15 patients with liver metastasis from breast cancer admitted and treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2010 and May 2014 were retrospectively studied. All patients were females with the age ranging from 33 to 66 years old and the median of 49 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. According to the different therapeutic regimen, the patients were divided into radiofrequency ablation + chemotherapy group (ablation group,n=9) and surgery +chemotherapy group (surgery group,n=6). The conditions of two groups during the perioperative period were observed and the survival analysis was performed. The observations during perioperative period between two groups was compared usingt test, the rates was compared using Fisher's exact test and the survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.ResultsThe mean operation time of the ablation group was (26±5) min, which was significantly shorter than (151±27) min of the surgery group (t=-18.69,P<0.05). No case in the ablation group received blood transfusion while 3 cases in the surgery group received blood transfusion during the operation. The tumor clearance rate of the surgery group was 100%,which was the same with that of the ablation group. The postoperative hospital stay of the ablation group was (6±2) d, which was signiifcantly shorter than (11±5) d of the surgery group (t=-3.70,P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications of the ablation group was 4/9, which was signiifcantly lower than 5/6 of the surgery group (P=0.02). The median survival time of the ablation group and the surgery group was respectively 33, 23 months. The 1-, 2- and 5-year cumulative survival rate were respectively 88.9%, 66.7% and 22.2% for the ablation group and were respectively 82.3%, 50.0% and 0 for the surgery group and no significant difference was observed between two groups (χ2=1.53,P>0.05).ConclusionsThe radiofrequency ablation for patients with liver metastasis from breast cancer can have the same therapeutic effect with surgical resection, and has advantages of short operation time, low incidence of postoperative complications and short postoperative hospital stay.