One hundred mandibles of adult Chinese male unearthed in Shanghai without missing teeth, alveolar bone resorption or/and malposition of teeth were studied. Our data showed that the location of the mental foramen below the apex of the lower second premolar was the most common. Our results were compared with those of other investigators. The Clinical significance of iden.tifying the anatomical location of the mental foramen in dental practice is discussed

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing diabetic foot ulcer(DFU). Methods Secretion specimens of DFU in patients at several hospitals in Qingdao were collected and performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results A total of 216 pathogens were ob-tained from 137 patients with DFU. Isolation rate of gram-negative bacilli,gram-positive cocci and fungi was 58.80% (n= 127),39.81% (n= 86)and 1.39% (n= 3)respectively. 76 (55.47% )patients were infected with sin-gle pathogen,61 (44.53% )were infected with mixed pathogens;the top five detected pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n= 37),Staphylococcusaureus (n= 35),Escherichiacoli (n= 26),Staphylococcusepidermidis(n=24),and Acinetobacterbaumannii(n= 22). The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin,amoxicillin/clavu-lanic acid,cefoxitin,imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid were 0-16.67% ;the resist-ance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem,tobramycin,amikacin,cefepime,gentamicin,and quinolones were 2 .70% -1 8 .92% ;the resistance of Acinetobacterbaumannii to imipenem and levofloxacin were low,but to the other antimicrobial agents were all above 30% . Conclusion The major pathogens from DFU were gram-negative bacilli, the next were gram-positive cocci,antimicrobial resistance patterns of each species are quite different,clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Objective To investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV)E6/E7 mRNA detection used in cervical cancer screen-ing.Methods In the study,160 patients treated in gynaecology department of the hospital were enrolled,whose samples were col-lected for ultra-thin liquid-based cytology(thin prep cytology test,TCT).According to the TCT results,the patients were divided into 4 groups,including normal group(n=32),CINⅠ group(n=44),CINⅡ group(n=67),CINⅢ group(n=17).In addition to the CIN classification,according to the type of pathology the patients′groups were also devided.In different groups,the differences be-tween HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA positive rate were compared respectively.The differences between HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA levels among different pathology groups were also compared.Results In groups of different CIN grades and control group,the positive rate of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA test showed statistically diffrences (P <0.05 ).Compared among different pathologic groups HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA levels were statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion In cer-vical cancer screening,HPV E6/E7 mRNA screening can be used as a screening method and its combined use with cytological meth-od would be helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To study the effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training in the postpartum rehabilitation treatment of pelvic floor function.Methods 320 puerperants who were rechecked at 42d after the delivery in our hospital from September 2011 to January 2013 were divided into two groups,patients in the observation group were treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training ,patients in the control group were given without treatment intervention,then the pelvic floor muscle tension,vaginal muscle voltage and urinary incontinence rate of two groups at 3 month after the treatment were compared.Results The improvement of pelvic floor muscle tension and vaginal muscle voltage of observation group were significantly better than those of control group (<0.05),the urinary incontinence rate was significantly lower (<0.05) .Conclusion The biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training can effectively improve the pelvic floor muscle tension and decrease the urinary incontinence rate,so it can improve the life quality of puerperants.

We tried to clarify the role of oxygen radicals [released from granulocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in rat acute lung injury. It was found that DNA strand-break damage (DSBD) in peripheral white blood cells was significantly increased 40 min after injection of PMA. DSBD in lung tissue of rats treated with PMA was also markedly increased. The PMA-treated rats showed significantly higher lipid-peroxide (LPO) level in plasma and lung hemogenate than the controls. These results suggest that determination of DSBD, a simple and sensitive indicator for oxygen radical damaging, might be useful in the diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome, when it is used together with measurement of plasma LPO.

AIM: To determine the content of ginsenoside Rg_1、Re and Rb_1 in Shenfu Injection (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng Rubra,etc.) by HPLC-ELSD. METHODS: Separation was achieved on a Waters ODS column((4.6) mm?150 mm,5 ?m).Elution was carried out using a gradient of acetonitrile and water.Drift tube temperature:120 ℃,gas flow rate:1.8 mL/min. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.322-(3.22) ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1,0.290-2.90 ?g for ginsenoside Re,0.508-5.08 ?g for ginsenoside Rb_1. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,effective and feasible.It can be used to control the quality of Shenfu Injection.

Objective:To determine the expression of aquaporin 8 and its localization in human WISH cells and to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms for water absorption across the amniotic membranes.Methods:Human amnion-derive WISH cells were cultured.Western analysis was used to quantify AQP8 expression level.Reverse transcripton-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to quantify AQP8 mRNA expression levels.Immunofluorescence was used to determine localization of AQP8 in WISH cells.Results:AQP8 mRNA protein was found in human WISH cells.By western-blot,the AQP8 proteim was detected at 34ku in human WISH cells.AQP8 labeling was observed in intracellular vesicular structures throughout the cytosol and plasma membrane.Conclusion:The study demonstrates the expression of aquaporin 8 in human WISH cells.These results suggest that aquaporin 8 may be a channel that mediates amniotic fluid resorption by way of intramembranous pathway.

Objective:To study the effect of adriamycin(ADR) as therapeutic agent inducing rabbit posterior capsular lens epithelial cell apoptosis and to assess the relationships between P53,Bcl-2 after lens extracapsular extraction.Methods:Twelve rabbit eyes were injected with 0.2mg ADR(0.4mg?L -1 ) during lens extracapsular extraction performed respectively in the third week and the eighth week after the operation.With TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemical(SABC) staining.The protein expression cell rate of P53 and Bcl-2 were detected.Results:Positive pericyte muclei labeled by TUNEL increased more significantly than those in the control guoup from the third week to the eighth week after the operation.P53 protein expression was significantly higher(P

Objective:To investigate the relationship among inflammatory reaction and cytokine levels,nitric oxide(NO) content in aqueous humor after alkali burn.Methods:12 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups(6 rabbits each):normal control group and alkali burn experimental group.Aqueous humor samples were aspirated on the alkali burn 1,3,7,14 and 30 days,and the total number of white blood cells in the aqueous humor and their subset distribution as well as tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and NO~-_2/NO~-_3 were counted.The data were analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS software.Results:There was a higher number of inflammatory cells and a higher level of TNF-? and NO~-_2/NO~-_3 in alkali burn eyes than that in the normal control eyes.The number of mononuclear phagocyte and the levels of TNF-?,the content of NO~-_2/NO~-_3 in aqueous humor were the highest in alkali burn group in 7～14 days.The change of TNF-?,NO~-_2/NO~-_3 and inflammatory reaction were basically similar,that is ,the more serious the reaction,the higher the levels of the content.Conclusion:The intraocular inflammation after alkali burn is closely related to the change in cytokine levels and NO content in aqueous humor.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and carotid artery ultra sound for transient ischemic attack (TIA) . Methods Ninety patients with TIA of internal carotid artery system in the acute phase and 55 normal control subjects were recruited. Their carotid intima-media thicknesses were assessed by carotid ultrasonography. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) ,and all the data were compared between the two group. Results The detection rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the TIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group f 78. 9% (71/90) vs. 29. 1% (16/55), x2 = 35. 27, P < 0.01] . There were 35 carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the control group,of which 6 were unstable plaques and 29 were stable plaques. There were 134 carotid atherosclerotic plaque in the TIA group,of which 103 were unstable plaques and 31 were stable plaques, the constituent ratio of unstable plaque in the TIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (x2 =43. 22 ,P < 0. 01). The levels of serum Lp-PLA2 in male and female patients in TIA group were ([19. 08 ±7. 92] mol/(min · ml) and [15. 15 ±4. 91] mol/(min · ml),which were significantly higher than those in male and female in the control group ([13. 86 ± 3. 15] mol/(min · ml) and [11. 18 ± 2. 96] mol/ (min · ml) (t = 3. 8598 and 2. 9260, respectively, Ps < 0. 01). Furthermore, the levels of serum Lp-PLA2 of males in the TIA group and control group were significantly higher than that of females in the TIA group and control group(t=2. 3850 and 2. 9143, respectively, Ps < 0.05). The level of serum Lp-PLA2 in unstable plaque patients in the TIA group was (20.16 ± 6. 76) mol/ (min · ml) , which was significantly higher than that in stable plaque patients in the TIA group was (16. 09 ±4. 15)mol/(min · ml) ,the difference was statistically significant (t = 2. 5578, P < 0. 05). Conclusion Serum Lp-PLA2 is a risk factor of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, the combination of Lp-PLA2 and carotid ultrosonography can be used and alert indicator of TIA.