The Scientific Development Concept provides significant guidance for the discipline construction.This thesis discusses how to embody the scientific development concept in accelerating the all-round construction of disciplines in our unit from the aspects of general target,approaches and talents cultivation.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of mycobacterium in AIDSpatients.Methods Twenty-three cases of mycobacterium tuberculosis and 13 patients of non-tuberculous mycobacteria were proved etiologically and included in this study.All patients underwent X-ray and CT examinations,imaging data were analyzed and compared.Results The imaging findings of mycobacterium tuberculosis in AIDS patients included consolidation (n =11),pleural effusion (n =11),mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n =11).Pulmonary lesions were always diffuse distribution,and 14 patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were found.Pulmonary lesions in non-tuberculous mycobacteria tend to be circumscribed.Conclusions Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients is more common and usually combined with other infections.Imaging features are atypical.

OBJECTIVE To summarize and evaluate the therapeutic studies on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)in our country. METHODS Articles of therapeutic studies on OSAHS published in major journals of our country from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2004 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 201 articles were recruited. The number of articles published every year was increased with time and most of the articles were retrospective study. There were no standard criteria for evaluating the curative effect,and the cure rate of UPPP were obviously different according to different evaluation criteria. In same evaluation criteria,the short- term outcome were better than long-term outcome,and the patients underwent multiple levels surgery had better outcome than single UPPP. CONCLUSION Multi-center,large sampled and prospective random comparison therapeutic study based on evaluative criteria constituted by Chinese Medical Association should be carried out in the future study. The impersonal methods and criteria for evaluation the upper airway anatomic structure and pharyngeal wall resilience should be established. Individuality therapy should be done. And finally, bring on therapeutic effect of OSAHS to a higher level in our country.

Objective To explore the evolution and treatment of traumatic subdural effusion(TSE).Methods The clinicsl materials of 66 patients with TSE were analyzed retrospectively.Results 53 patients were cured with comervative therapy,and other patients were evolved into chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).8 patients with CSDH were cured with surgery and others with conservative therapy.Conclusion Patients with TSE don't need surgery,and then patients with clinical characteristics will be operated when TSE evolves into CSDH.

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and its associated factors among rural resi-dents in Chongqing ,in order to provide the evidence for conducting non-communicable disease prevention and control in rural area . Methods Rural residents aged above 18 years old were sampled by multi-stage stratified random sampling .The resident sampled was interviewed with the structured questionnaire by face-to-face and examined body weight ,height ,blood pressure ,waist circum-ference .The blood sample was taken to test fasting glucose ,2 h glucose .The associated factors of hypertension and diabetes were i-dentified by Chi-square test and the independent factors of hypertension and diabetes were identified by Logistic regression .Results A total of 2 406 rural residents were interviewed .The amount of salt in taking and oil in taking per person per day self-reported was 6 .7 g and 44 .4 g .The proportion of smoking among rural residents was 21 .0% .The proportion of alcohol use in the past 12 months was 22 .4% .32 .6% of interviewees participated in the regular physical activity .The proportion of overweight and obesity a-mong rural residents was 25 .4% and 6 .2% .The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 22 .0% and 9 .4% .The independent factor of hypertension was age(OR = 1 .83 ,95% CI :1 .68 - 1 .98) ,education level(OR = 0 .67 ,95% CI :0 .55 - 0 .82) ,body index(OR= 1 .68 ,95% CI :1 .44 - 1 .96) ,blood glucose(OR = 0 .60 ,95% CI :0 .51 - 0 .70) .The independent factor of diabetes was age(OR =1 .33 ,95% CI :1 .20 - 1 .48) ,gender(OR = 1 .48 ,95% CI :1 .11 - 1 .98) ,education level(OR = 0 .77 ,95% CI :0 .60 - 0 .98) ,body in-dex(OR = 1 .40 ,95% CI :1 .16 - 1 .70) and blood pressure(OR = 0 .77 ,95% CI :0 .64 - 0 .93) .Conclusion The prevalence of hyper-tension and diabetes was high .The risk factors such as unhealthy diet ,physical inactivity ,smoking ,harmful alcohol use ,overweight and obesity is common among rural residents .It should be attached an importance on non-communicable disease prevention and con-trol in rural area .

Objectives: In order to assess the clinic efficacy of treating prematureejaculation with sertraline and behavior. Methods: 52 cases were studied before andafter treatment, in which the satisfaction of sexual activity for the couples andthe latency of ejaculation for the cases were recorded. Results: Satisfaction degreewas improved and the latency of ejaculation was significantly elongated(P＜0.01). Conclusions: It is an effective method for premature ejaculation treatment withsertraline and behavior. Natl J Androl,2001,7(2):97～98

Background The risk of HIV sexual transmission is much higher among people unaware of their HIV status than among those aware.Only a few studies have indicated that the incidence of unsafe sex can be reduced when people know their HIV status.This study was to investigate this effect in China.Methods A cohort study consisting of two surveys was conducted at two different times among a group of people living with HIV/AIDS,whose status was newly diagnosed with HIV via sexual contact,in Shanghai,Chongqing,and Kunming.The first survey was conducted among 823 people tested positive for HIV before notifying them of the HIV status.The second survey was conducted among 650 HIV-positive people at six months following the first survey (after notification of HIV status).The scope of survey covered unsafe sex practices,number of unsafe sexual partners,and frequency of unsafe sexual behaviors over the prior six months.Unsafe sex is defined as unprotected anal or vaginal sex with partners who are HIV positive or whose HIV status is unknown.Results The proportion of unsafe sex was reduced by about 85％ after HIV status notification.The risk of HIV sexual transmission was 15 times higher among persons unaware of their HIV status than among those aware.Approximately 95％ of new sexually transmitted HIV infections stemmed from 56％ of the infected persons unaware of their HIV status in China.Conclusion Timely HIV status notification has the potential to significantly reduce unsafe sex among HIV-infected persons and reduce the risk for HIV transmission via unsafe sex.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of pressure level in veil on upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and normal adults. METHOD: We scanned the upper airway from roof of nasopharynx to glottis with SIMENS 16 layer spiral CT scanner. The area and the dimensions of palate, uvula, and the region after lingua and epiglottis were measured by application of image work station. Forty-six patients with OSAHS and 35 normal adults were scanned by CT at 0 kPa water column and 0.784 kPa water column pressures in face mask, respectively. RESULT: The area and inner diameter of OSAHS patients upper airways were less than those of normal adults at the same pressure in face mask. The area and inner diameter of upper airway at the pressure of 0.784 kPa water column were more than those at 0 kPa water column in both OSAHS patients and normal adults, and the increased extent of normal adults were more than those of OSAHS patients. We measured the minimum increased normal Cross sectional area of palate, uvula, and the region after lingua and epiglottis when the pressure in the mask increased from 0 kPa to 0.784 kPa, and we made it as the standard. The 46 OSAHS patients were sorted into 17 cases (group 1) with normal dilation and 29 cases (group 2) with less dilation in such standard. There was not significant difference between the two groups at 0 kPa pressures in area and inner diameter, but the area and inner diameter of group 1 were more than those of group 2 at 0.784 kPa pressure. CONCLUSION The increased pressure in face mask would lead to upper airway dilation both in OSAHS patients and normal adults, and the dilated extents of normal adults were significant more than those of OSAHS patients. The less dilation of OSAHS may be duo to anatomic constriction and some pharynx wall pathological changes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Middle Aged ; Palate ; diagnostic imaging ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Pressure ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tongue ; diagnostic imaging ; Uvula ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDThe risk of HIV sexual transmission is much higher among people unaware of their HIV status than among those aware. Only a few studies have indicated that the incidence of unsafe sex can be reduced when people know their HIV status. This study was to investigate this effect in China.

METHODSA cohort study consisting of two surveys was conducted at two different times among a group of people living with HIV/AIDS, whose status was newly diagnosed with HIV via sexual contact, in Shanghai, Chongqing, and Kunming. The first survey was conducted among 823 people tested positive for HIV before notifying them of the HIV status. The second survey was conducted among 650 HIV-positive people at six months following the first survey (after notification of HIV status). The scope of survey covered unsafe sex practices, number of unsafe sexual partners, and frequency of unsafe sexual behaviors over the prior six months. Unsafe sex is defined as unprotected anal or vaginal sex with partners who are HIV positive or whose HIV status is unknown.

RESULTSThe proportion of unsafe sex was reduced by about 85% after HIV status notification. The risk of HIV sexual transmission was 15 times higher among persons unaware of their HIV status than among those aware. Approximately 95% of new sexually transmitted HIV infections stemmed from 56% of the infected persons unaware of their HIV status in China.

CONCLUSIONTimely HIV status notification has the potential to significantly reduce unsafe sex among HIV-infected persons and reduce the risk for HIV transmission via unsafe sex.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; complications ; Unsafe Sex ; Young Adult