Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of gastric cancer under gastroscopy.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2010,160 patients were diagnosed of gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy.Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively summarized and analyzed.ResultsThere is a high rate of HP infection [71.25％ (114/160)]in the 160 cases with gastric cancer,especially in males,and the infection rate increased with age( Z =2.303,P =0.021 ).For the general morphology of gastric cancer,it was mainly Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ-types for those below or equals to 35 years old(9 cases).The rate of Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types reduced and that of BorrmannⅠ& Ⅱ types increased with age.The ratio of male to female with gastric cancer was 2.26:1.However,the incidence of gastric cancer was higher in young female compared with young males.With the increase of age,the rate of prevalence of gastric cancer grew higher in males than in females ( Z =3.599,P ＜0.001 ).Incidence of gastric fundus-cardia and corpus cancer increased with age.Most patients had low-differentiation adenocarcinoma despite the specific sites of gastric cancer.However,the incidence of low-differentiation adenocarcinoma decreased with age(x2 =9.831,P=0.042).ConclusionThe development of gastric cancer is closely associated with HP infection.For the general morphology of gastric cancer,Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types decrease and Borrmann Ⅰ & Ⅱ types increase with age.The incidence of gastric cancer in male and that located at proximal stomach are increased with age.Moreover,the incidence of high-grade malignant gastric cancer is increased with age.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of comfort nursing on the parents of children with laryngopharyngeal surgery.Methods Forty-seven parents were admitted for the study,they were divided into the control group(23 cases) and the experimental group(24 cases).The control group accepted routine nursing,while the experimental group accepted comfort nursing based upon routine nursing.The SAS,SDS scores and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results After the treatment,the SAS and SDS scores of all the parents got better compared with those before treatment.The differences were obvious.While the experimental group had a better improvement than the control group.Also the satisfaction degree of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Conclusions Comfort nursing can relieve the discomfort and anxiety of the children patients and their parents,improve the adverse emotional state of them,promote recovery of children and improve the nursing quality.

Objective] To explore the application of “viscera state”theory in “Internal Classics”in TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria. [Method] Clear up the“viscera state”theories in“Internal Classics”related to TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria, combining with concerned thesis of doctors in the past dynasties, to analyse its application value in clinic. [Result] “Heart joining with smal intestine through the meridian and col ateras”,“smal intestine being organ of receiving food and digestion”, “kidney connects lung upward”, “spleen storing Ying”, “spleen Qi disperseing essence and returning to lung upward”,“liver storing blood”,“kidney being organ of water”and“kidney opening into 2 lower orifices”, such“viscera state”theories are helpful to correct position of hematuria in TCM, define the mechanism and correct the treatment; doctors in the past dynasties had development on this, which is proved by the modern clinic. [Conclusion]“Viscera state”theories in“Internal Classics”have important guiding meaning in TCM diagnosing and treating hematuria.

Kidney disease is very general in clinic, most of it has complex mechanism and is refractory, often with demonstrations of edema, proteinuria and blood urine, and it often recurs and develops over insufficiency and pathogeny. Analyzing the clinical demonstrations and treatment of kidney disease with“lung viscera state”in“Internal Classics”, we can find the theories have guide meaning on treating and preventing the recurrence and development of kidney diseases, such as “upper energizer developing and distributing flavors of five cereals”on treating proteinuria, “lung stretching water channels and down-flowing bladder”on treating edema,“Shaoyin belonging to kidney which connects with lung”on treating blood urine.

You ought to differentiate the cause, location, nature and trend of disease, for chronic nephritis. The causes inducing or worsening the disease can be exopathy, as well as internal injury, pathological substance and drug pathogenic factors; while the deficiency of Qi blood Yin Yang of organs is often the internal basis of the disease. The location mainly concerns lung, spleen, liver and kidney, esp. kidney. The nature is deficient root and excessive superficiality; its general trend mostly appears Qi deficiency-both deficiency of Qi and Yin(blood)- both deficiency of Yin and Yang, a discipline of gradual development, and wind, wetness, heat, stasis, sputum and toxin worsen the development of the disease.

Chronic nephritis is a common clinical refractory disease,with complex mechanism,hard and long to cure.The TCM treatment in Internal Classic has key guideline meaning and is proved in modern TCD pharmacology,such as "kidney governs spleen,spleen holds nutrition,dislikes dampness and governs outer guard" of spleen picture,etc.

The health hazards of arsenic are various. Since children are in the period of rapid growth and development, nervous system is more vulnerable to the arsenic exposure in the environment.Not only does it increase the incidence of the corresponding disease in each system, but also results in neurotoxicological impairments including poor cognitive performance and disturbances in visual perception, psychomotor speed, attention, speech and memory. The progress in the field of effects of arsenic on children's health were reviewed in this article, it introduced the background of arsenic, human exposure pathways, metabolism of the human body,health hazards to children and biological monitoring.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ?-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule1(ICAM-1) induced by high glucose(HG) in rat mesangial cells(MCs).Methods: Rat mesangial cells were co-cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L,NG group),high glucose(25 mmol/L,HG group),and HG+?-lipoic acid(50,100,200,300 ?mol/L)for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively.Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT;the levels of ICAM-1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);and ICAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results: ?-lipoic acid at 50-300 ?mol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCs.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that ?-lipoic acid(100 and 200 ?mol/L)significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced increase of ICAM-1 mRNA((P

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)is an alliance of 21 world leading cancer centers in the U.S.A,working together to develop treatment guidelines for most cancers.The primary goal of all NCCN initiatives is to improve the quality,effectiveness,and efficiency of oncology practice so that patients can live better.The NCCN guidelines have become the most widely used in oncology practice.These guidelines are updated continually and are based upon evaluation of scientific data.The NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines have no Chinese version at present and were not yet used in our clinical practice.We are in an attempt to interpret the NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines in conjunction with our clinical practice in the management of esophageal cancer.