With the development in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases and im-provement of minimally invasive technology in recent years, some apparent diseases and concepts of new technology can't be mentioned in teaching practice including functional diseases of lower urinary tract, further discussion of prostatic cancer and minimally invasive technology, etc. We elaborated on the importances, teaching significances and key points of these teaching contents in order to improve the knowledge teaching system.

Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or called as irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity. Nevertheless, these agents may also exhibit larger toxicity once off-target effects arise. This "double-edged swords" property often leads drug researchers to avoid attaching them. In recent years, some problems such as drug resistance are difficult to be solved with reversible inhibitors leading researchers to pay more attention on the covalent inhibitors. In this review, we shall make a short summary to the recent research progress of covalent inhibitors and the interaction modes between covalent inhibitors and their target protein residues.

Objective To evaluate the variation of the blood flow in anterolateral femoral head by ligating different amount of extracapsular arteries. Methods Thirty six hips of 18 mongrel puppies were divided into A、 B、 C、 D and E groups. In group A, only one peripheral artery was ligated randomly. In groups B, C, D,and E, 2, 3, 4, and 5 peripheral arteries were respectively ligated. The blood flow in anterolateral femoral head in 18 mongrel puppies was measured before and after the ligation of the arteries by using of Hydrogen clearance technique. Results 1) The average blood flow in anterolateral femoral head was (0.1397?0.0515) ml?min-1?ml-1. 2) The mean blood flow in the anterolateral femoral head was slightly decreased after one to two of the extracapsular main arteries were ligated but there was no statistical difference. However, the mean blood flow was decreased significantly after more than three arteries were ligated. Conclusion 1) Hydrogen clearance technique is a quite simple, economic and reliable method for estimation of blood flow perfusion in various tissue. 2) The efficiency of blood supply of the anterolateral femoral head in puppies depends at least upon three of the major extracapsular arteries.

Objective To evaluate the sanitation of the ecological toilet systems used in rural areas. Methods The urine diverting Ecosan toilets in rural areas of Guangxi province were observed for the utilization, maintenance and sanitization. The hygienic evaluation was carried out according to the Hygienic Standards for Excreta Sanitization GB 7959-87. Results The new type of urine diverting Ecosan toilets could meet the requirements of non-hazard treatment of excreta. Conclusion Such toilet system should be developed in most parts of Guangxi.

Objective: To study 63 cases of nasal tumors treated by dermatologic surgery, and analyze their generality and characters. Methods: The cases were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 and SAS6.12. Results: The average age of the patients was 46.92?18.63.The number of man was about equal to that of women. Most cases were basal cell carcinoma (42.9%). Nevus came second (38.1%). The other cases were benign tumors. The distribution of operational locations showed the character of nasal surgery. Operations of Alar occupied 52.4%,22.2% were on the dorsal and 15.9% on the tip. Other locations occupied 9.5%. Cases of primary close occupied 69.8%. Cases applying complex close were 30.2%. Statistic analysis illustrated that primary close was different from complex close with distribution of operational locations. The area of defects between primary close and complex close was also different. At the same time, the differentiation of applying complex close was obvious between malignant tumors and benign tumors. Conclusion: Skin cancers and benign tumors usually occur on the nose, so it is very important to master the techniques of plastic surgery to repair the defects of nose, besides removing tumors perfectly by the classical way of dermatologic surgery, Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of aprotinin on the inflammation response to reinfusion of shed blood during operation after being aspirated, filtered and washed using cell saver.Methods Twenty-four ASA I - II patients undergoing elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups: aprotinin group ( n = 12) and control group ( n = 12) .The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pentobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg ? kg -1 , fentanyl 2-4 ?g ? kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1-0.3 mg ? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane, propofol infusion and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In aprotinin group aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was given before skin incision and another dose of aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was continuously infused during operation. The blood shed during operation was collected, anticoagulated with heparin, filtered, washed and reinfused using AutoLog cell saver. Blood samples were taken from CVP line before skin incision (T1 , baseline), 30 min after reinfusion of salvaged bloods (T2) and at the end of operation (T3 ) for WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts and determination of expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes using flow cytometry. Results The two groups were similar with respect to the general condition of the patients, duration of operation and account of shed blood reinfused. (676? 353) ml was reinfused in control group. The expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes increased significantly at T2 and T3 as compared to the baseline at T1 in control group ( P

Objective To study mental state of children with asthma and psychosomatic symptoms of their parents. Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) for children and Rutter's Behavior Ques-tionnaire were applied to 36children aged 6～14with asthma, SCL-90 was applied to their parents. Children from the same kindergartens and schools and their parents were sampled as control matched by age, sex etc.Results Children with asthma had more personality problems than normal children. The E.N scores of EPQ scales were higher in asthma children than in normal samples. The rate ot behavior problems was 33.3 %; Par-ents of children with asthma had higher scores of S SCL-90 than parents of children as control, espeeially in de-pression, anxiety, somatic complaints and terror. Conclusion Children with asthma and their parents, It is im-portant to take some active measures to intervene psychological and behavioral problems of children with asth-ma and psychosomatic symptoms of their parents.

Deep venous thrombosis is a common and serious complication after orthopedics operation, with the characteristics of high incidence rate and death rate, its formation mechanism and the treatment is becoming more and more attention of scholars. Establishment of animal model of deep venous thrombosis can further explore the pathological process of thrombosis or dissolution, is an important means to research of thrombosis mechanism and evaluation of therapeutic method. This review discussed the basic principle of deep venous thrombosis, the selection of experimental animals and making method of animal models.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Venous Thrombosis ; etiology

Many beneficial bioactive substances were produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa such as antibiotics, antimicrobial proteins, plant hormones and flocculants. These bioactive substances also could be produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa making it show excellent prospect in biological control of plant diseases, treatment of mankind and animals. This article summarizes research advances in Paenibacillus polymyxa and their bioactive substances.