Objective To explore the conception,mechanism,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of ectopic pituitary adenoma. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with ectopic pituitary adenoma, admitted to our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011, were retrospectively analyzed and discussed by reviewing the relevant literature. Results Clinical manifestations ofectopic pituitary adenoma were as follows:2 had headache,1 had sexual dysfunction and blurred vision, and 1 had acromegalia combined with psychiatric symptom. Endocrinological examination showed that 1 had obviously increased growth hormone (GH) and 1 increased prolactin (PRL).MRI scan indicated that 2 were located in sphenoid sinus and I was located in the sphenoid sinus and clivus.Contrast-enhanced MRI showed enhanced lesions.Total removal was achieved in 2 patients through the trans-sphenoidal approach; partial removal was achieved in the patient with sphenoid sinus and clivus.Pathology examination demonstrated as pituitary adenomas. Conclusion The patients with ectopic pituitary adenoma have neurological dysfunction or/and endocrinological dysfunction; CT and MRI play valuable role in their diagnosis; radical resection of tumor can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) orthopedics formula is an important part of the prevention and treatment of orthopedics disease,which has curative effect and the advantages of the whole regulation,but it needs to strengthen its clinical development and reasonable application in clinical.In this paper,by reviewing the current clinical present situation and some problems of the research and development about the TCM orthopedics formula,research and development direction were put forward:the source of prescription,the change of disease spectrum,the clinical location,the apphcation of toxic drugs and animal materials,and the quality control of clinical trials should be paid attentions to,hoping to provide some thoughts for the research and development of TCM orthopedics formula.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a clinical common and frequent ly-occurring disease,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Chinese medicine have certain advantages for patients in the treatment of early-middle period KOA.In this paper,by reviewingthe clinical feature,evaluation methods and present status of treatment of KOA,the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine of KOA was proposed.the disease characteristics and clinical localization and clinical characteristics of TCM should be paid attention to,so as to select the evaluation method that can reflect the treatment of characteristics.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA) is a clinical common and frequently -occurring disease,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Chinese medicine has a certain advantage for patients in the treatment of early-middle period.In this paper,review the clinical feature,evaluation methods and present status of treatment of KOA,offer the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine of KOA,should pay attention to the disease characteristics and clinical localization and clinical characteristics of TCM,select the evaluation method that it can reflect the treatment of characteristics.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide (Forner et al., 2018; He et al., 2023). Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle (SM) mass that may be age-related or the result of malnutrition in cancer patients (Cruz-Jentoft and Sayer, 2019). Preoperative sarcopenia in HCC patients treated with hepatectomy or liver transplantation is an independent risk factor for poor survival (Voron et al., 2015; van Vugt et al., 2016). Previous studies have used various criteria to define sarcopenia, including muscle area and density. However, the lack of standardized diagnostic methods for sarcopenia limits their clinical use. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) renewed a consensus on the definition of sarcopenia: low muscle strength, loss of muscle quantity, and poor physical performance (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019). Radiological imaging-based measurement of muscle quantity or mass is most commonly used to evaluate the degree of sarcopenia. The gold standard is to measure the SM and/or psoas muscle (PM) area using abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), as it is linearly correlated to whole-body SM mass (van Vugt et al., 2016). According to a "North American Expert Opinion Statement on Sarcopenia," SM index (SMI) is the preferred measure of sarcopenia (Carey et al., 2019). The variability between morphometric muscle indexes revealed that they have different clinical relevance and are generally not applicable to broader populations (Esser et al., 2019).
Humans ; Aged ; Sarcopenia/diagnostic imaging* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging* ; Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging* ; Deep Learning ; Prognosis ; Radiomics ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies