AIM: To investigate the relationship between morphologic changes in neuron or neuroglial cells and expression of tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?) and c-Myc in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in MCAO rats. METHODS: The focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). The middle cerebral arteries of rats were occluded for 2 hours and reperfused for 1, 3 and 7 days. Using the techniques of immunohistochemical staining and optical microscopy, the morphologic changes in neuron or neuroglial cells were observed in the cortex of frontal or parietal lobe; the cell types which dynamicaly expressed TNF-?, c-Myc in the different period were also observed. RESULTS: The degeneration or necrosis of neuron or neuroglial cells were observed at the center of infarction, it was very serious at 3 d after reperfussion. Astrocyte and microglial cell proliferation were observed at the broder of infarction. TNF-? and c-Myc positive cells, most of which were astrocytes and microglial cells, increased significantly at 3 d after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: TNF-? and c-Myc may play an important role in the regulation of neuron or neuroglial cells after focal cerebral ischemia with reperfusion. [

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of chlorophyllin (CHL) inhibiting HT29 cells. METHODS: IC 50 value and growth curve of HT29 cells were detected with MTT method. Apoptosis was detected with Wright-Giemsa staining, FCM and DNA electrophoresis. Telomerase was detected by PCR-ELISA, and protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 gene were detected through RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: CHL inhibited the growth of HT29 in a dose-dependent manner. CHL blocked HT29 cells in G 1 phase but did not induce apoptosis. Different concentration of CHL inhibits the expression of telomerase and COX-2 in HT29 cells. CONCLUSION: CHL inhibits the growth of HT29 cells by inhibiting the expression of telomerase and COX-2 and blocking cells in G 1 phase. [

Objective To investigate radionuclide imaging and routine CT in diagnosing hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the combined diagnostic value of the two modalities. Methods Thirty-two patients with hepatic FNH were retrospectively studied. All patients underwent routine CT scan. Twenty-four patients were examined by 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (SC) hepatic planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging, and then patients who had abnormal foci underwent 99Tcm-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (EHIDA) triple-phase hepatobiliary imaging. x2 -test of four-table or Fisher exact probabilities in 2 × 2 table was applied for statistical analysis. Results Of all 32 patients pathologically diagnosed as FNH with single solitary nodule, 25 were classified as classic type and the rest 7 as non-classic type. Although routine CT found all hepatic lesions, only 15 cases were diagnosed pathologically as FNH classic type but the rest were either misdiagnosed or left as indeterminate. On radionuclide imaging (hepatic colloid scintigraphy plus triple-phase hepatobiliary images), 11 patients with big foci (with maximal diameter ＞3 cm) out of 24 patients were correctly diagnosed as FNH, with 7 diagnosed as classic type FNH and 4 as non-classic. Other 13 patients were either misdiagnosed or simply missed. The diagnosing rates of routine CT and radionuclide imaging were60.0% (15/25) and 38.9% (7/18) for FNH classic type, 0/7 and 4/6 for non-classic type,50.0% (10/20) and 73.3% (11/15) for big foci, 41.7% (5/12) and 0/9 forsmall foci (with maximal diameter≤3 cm), respectively. The total diagnosing rate of radionuclide imaging combined with routine CT was significantly higher than that of routine CT or radionuclide imaging alone ( x2 = 4. 48, P ＜ 0. 05;x2 =4.27, P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Radionuclide imaging in combination with routine CT may improve the diagnostic accuracy for hepatic FNH patients.

OBJECTIVEWe aimed to construct a recombinant adenovirus Ad-APN-EGFP and to evaluate the transfection efficiency and effect of the adenovirus promoting osteogenesis around implants.

METHODSRecombinant adenovirus Ad-APN-EGFP containing adiponectin (APN) was constructed by DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion. Rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were transfected in vitro. Transfection efficiency and APN mRNA expression were tested. Animal models of rat femoral epiphysis and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants were established. The Ad-APN-EGFP adenovirus at 10 μL was injected into the defect around HA-coated implants in the experimental group, whereas the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the defect in the control group. Osteogenesis around implants was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining four weeks after implantation.

RESULTSAd-APN-EGFP was successfully constructed by DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion. The transfection efficiency of Ad-APN-EGFP to BMSCs was up to ≥ 90%. APN mRNA expression of BMSCs transfected with Ad-APN-EGFP was higher than that of the control group. Osteogenesis in the experimental group was more evident than that in the control group in vivo.

CONCLUSIONAd-APN-EGFP could be transfected into BMSCs and express APN mRNA at a high level. Ad-APN-EGFP could improve osteogenesis around implants in vivo.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Dental Implants ; Durapatite ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Transfection

China ; Dental Casting Technique ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo critically assess the quality of literature about systematic review or meta-analysis on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) published in Chinese journals.

METHODSElectronic searches in CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data-base were conducted to retrieve the systematic reviews or meta-analysis reports on TCM, including herbal medicine, needling, acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as integrative medicine, they were identified and extracted according to the 18 items of QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analyses) Statement and relative information. The appraisal was made taking the indexes mainly including objectives, source of data, methods of data extraction, quality assessment of the included studies, measurement data synthesis, etc.

RESULTSEighty-two systematic reviews were identified, except 6 reviews were excluded for repeatedly published or didn't comply with the enrolled criterion, 76 reviews concerning 51 kinds of diseases were enrolled for appraisal. Among them, 70 reviews evaluated the efficacy of TCM, mainly on Chinese herbs and 9 on acupuncture and moxibustion. In majority of the reviews, randomised controlled trials were included and the data resources were described, but in 26 reviews only the Chinese databases were searched and the description about data extraction and analysis method were too simple; and 70% of reviews assessed the quality of the included studies; none used flow chart to express the process of selection, inclusion and exclusion of studies.

CONCLUSIONSFew reviews or Meta-analysis reports reached the international standard and there is insufficient description of methodology for conducting systematic reviews, so it is hardly to be repeated. The authors suggested that advanced methodological training is necessary for reviewers.

Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Periodicals as Topic ; standards ; Quality Control ; Review Literature as Topic

Background Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an important way for after cataract.Usually the patient will use glucocorticoid eye drops to treat the anterior chamber inflammation after operation,but there is potential risk of elevating intraocular pressure (IOP).Objective This study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension,tobramycin+ dexamethasone eye drops and fluorometholone eye drops following Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Methods A randomized-controlled clinical trail was performed.One hundrcd and seventy-onc cycs of 127 paticnts who received Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for after cataract were randomly divided into four groups.Loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension,fluorometholone eye drops,tobramycin+dexamethasone eye drops and systane eye drops was topically administered respectively in the four groups after laser posterior capsulotomy and 6 times per day for 5 days.IOP was measured with Goldmann tomometer 1 hour before operation and 1 hour,1 day,3 days and 7 days after operation.The ocular anterior segment inflammatory response was examined under the slit lamp and scored based on the Peizeng criteria.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any relevant medical procedure.Results The IOP was (18.2 ±4.7),(20.1 ±5.7),(18.7±5.5),(19.0 ±4.1),(19.5 ±3.5) mmHg in various time points in the loteprednol etabonate group; (18.7 ±5.3),(20.9±5.7),(21.3±4.5),(21.0±4.9),(22.5±6.5) mmHg in the fluorometholone eye drops group ; (17.9± 6.3),(20.3 ± 6.1),(23.0 ± 3.7),(24.7 ± 4.9),(24.5 ± 6.5) mmHg in the tobramycin +dexamethasone group and(18.4±6.3),(20.7±3.7),(22.7±6.5),(19.6±4.8),(18.5±3.5) mmHg in the systane group,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (Fgroup =3.876,P =0.023).With the time lapse,the IOP was gradually reduced in the loteprednol etabonate group and systane group,but that in the fluorometholone group and tobramycin+dexamethasone group was elevated,showing a significant difference among them (Ftime =3.801,P =0.031).No any ocular and systemic adverse effect was found in various groups.The percentage of grade 1 and 2 of aqueous inflammatory cells was lower in the loteprednol etabonate group and tobramycin+dexamethasone group than the fluorometholone group and fluorometholone group and systane group(H =8.276,P =0.012).The percentage of Ⅰgrade of aqueous flare was 8％ in the loteprednol etabonate group,22％ in the fluorometholone group,18％ in the tobramycin+dexamethasone group and 30％ in the systane group,with a significant difference among them (H=9.305,P=0.000).Conclusions The use of corticosteroid eye drops can relieve the inflammatory response of ocular anterior chamber after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension has a better anti-inflammatory effect and less influence on IOP.

Background Hypoxia is a crucial factor of neovascularization.Many researches found that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) play an important role in the neovascular disease.However,effect of SDF-1 and ILK in eye neovascular disease is below understood.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expressions of SDF-1 and ILK in cultured retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells in vitro.Methods RPE tissue was isolated from 4-week-old C57BL/6 mouse and was digested and cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).The cells with 80％ confluence were collected and passaged.The third generation of cells were identified with cytokeratin 18 (CK18) antibody by immunochemistry.The cells were inoculated at the density of 5×104 cells/ml to free-serum DMEM/F12 for 24 hours and then were cultured in regular medium in the normoxic control group.RPE cells were cultured for 1 hour and 3,6,12,24,48,72 hours with 200 μmol/L CoCl2 in the hypoxia group.Reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expressing change of SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA in RPE cells,and Western blot was used to assay the expressing change of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein in RPE cells in different time points.The detected outcomes were represented as the ratio of target gene A value/β-actin A value.Results Cultured cells showed the polygon in shape with the black pigment granules in cytoplasm.Over 90％ cells were positive response for CK18.Expressions of the SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA were increased in different time points after CoCl2 co-cultured(SDF-1 mRNA:F=281.875,P=0.000 ;ILK mRNA: F=187.566,P=0.000),with the highest expressing value in hypoxia at 12 hours.No significant change in the expression of SDF-1 mRNA and protein was found 1 hour after CoCl2 co-cultured,but expressions of SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA were significantly higher in 3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours than the normoxic control group(P＜0.01).The expressions of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein were gradually ascended with the time increase of CoCl2 co-culture,showing a significant difference among different time points(SDF-1: F=44.719,P =0.000 ; ILK: F =144.481,P =0.000),and the up-regulation of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein expression was seen mainly in 3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after CoCl2 co-cultured in comparison with the normoxic control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions SDF-1 and ILK are involved in the hypoxic response of RPE cells and may play a potential role in ischemic/hypoxic retinopathy.

ObjectiveTo investigate current iodine nutritional status of different groups of people in Harbin city, and to provide the basis for development of salt iodization standard and scientific iodine supplementation.MethodsThree urban districts and three surrounding counties were chosen in Harbin,2011.In each chosen urban district and county,one district office (township) was selected,and one residents committee (village) was chosen in each of the district office(township),and 30 households were selected by systematic sampling.Iodized salt,water iodine and iodine intake per capita were investigated.In each of the residents committee (village),20 adults aged 18 - 45,30 pregnant women or lactating women,and 100 school children aged 8 - 10 were selected.Urine samples were collected and urinary iodine level were tested.Salt iodine was determined by direct titration,water and urinary iodine by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Iodine uptake and iodine nutritional status of different populations in Harbin urban and rural areas were compared.ResultsThe edible rate of qunlified iodized salt were 93.3％(84/90) and 96.3％(156/162) in Harbin urban and rural residents,respectively,which were all greater than 90％,and the highest value of salt iodine were 38.3,46.0 mg/kg,respectively,in urban and rural areas,which all did not exceed the upper limit(50 mg/kg) of qualified iodized salt,but there were some samples of salt iodine content below the national standard(20 mg/kg).Water iodine value in urban and rural areas,even the highest value(9.40,8.40 μg/L),was failed to meet the national standard 10 μg/L; salt eaten by rural people perperson a day(8.33 g) was significantly higher than that of the urban people(7.03 g,Z=- 2.750,P ＜ 0.01); in addition to rural children aged 8 - 10,whose urinary iodine value(228.6 μg/L) was higher,the values in urban and rural adults ( 111.3,195.6 μg/L),pregnant women ( 193.0,172.9 μg/L),lactating women ( 128.4,173.7 μg/L)and urban children ( 186.8 μg/L ) were all in appropriate level.The urinary iodine medians ( 195.6,228.6 μg/L )of adults and children in rural were significantly higher than that of urban adults and children(111.3,186.8 μg/L,Z =- 2.294,- 5.434,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01,respectively).Population composition of iodine deficiency in both urban and rural adults,lactating and pregnant women[46.7％(28/60),21.6％(13/60) ; 21.1％(19/90),21.3％ (18/89) ; 27.8％ ( 25/90 ),42.2％ (38/90) ] were significantly higher than that of the population composition with iodine excess[4.6％(4/60),5.0％(3/60) ; 16.7％(15/90),16.9％(15/89) ; 4.4％(4/90),0.0％(0/90)],but proportion of iodine excessive population in rural children [26.3％(79/300)] was significantly higher than proportion of iodine deficiency[5.6％(17/300)].ConclusionsThe natural environment of Harbin city is still in the iodinedeficient state.In addition to children in rural areas,the iodine intake and iodine nutrition level is basically appropriate; the risk of disease caused by iodine deficiency in adults,lactating and pregnant women is higher than by iodine excess,but the situation of children in rural is on the opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of different populations,and supplement iodine scientifically based on their need.