The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in free-range chickens in Jilin province, northeastern China was investigated. A total of 1095 serum samples were collected from nine administrative regions from July to October, 2012, and antibodies to T. gondii were examined by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). The detection results were confirmed by Western blot. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4–19.4%), ranging from 13.3% (95% CI, 6.3–20.4%) in Siping to 23.6% (95% CI, 15.7–31.6%) in Liaoyuan. There was no significant difference in T. gondii infection among different regions in Jilin province (P> 0.05). The widespread presence of T. gondii infection in freerange chickens of Jilin province implies the wide contamination with T. gondii oocysts in the living environment of people, and free-range chickens might be an important source of infection for humans.

BACKGROUND: The high rates of infestation, treatment failures and treatment costs have created the search for new therapies againts head lice.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the efficacy and safety of scalp occlusion with petroleum jelly (PJ) versus permethrin 1% shampoo against Pediculus humanus capitis among school-aged children

METHOD: Seventy-seven children were diagnosed with Pediculosis capitis. Thirty-eight subjects did eight-hour scalp occlusion with PJ, and 39 used permethrin shampoo, both followed by nit combing. Treatments were applied once weekly for three consecutive weeks. Patients were assessed at weeks 1,2,3 and 11. The primary outcome was the proportion of cured subjects and change in quality of life (QOL) scores om week 3 of follow-up. Cure was defined as the absence of variable lice on the hair/scalp or nits on the hair shaft attached within one centimeter from the scalp on visual examination.Secondary outcomes were relapse rate at week 11 ,cosmetic acceptability and adverse events. Effects on QOL were measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index at baseline and at the end of the third week of treatment.

RESULTS: At Week 3, cure achieved in 47% (18/38) in PJ group 52% (17/33) in permethrin group (RRR 6.7%, 95% Cl: -40.4% to 38%). Relapse rate in the 12th week were 44% (8/18) and 58% (10/17), respectively (p=0.486, Fisher's test ). The differences in treatment effects were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Petroleum jelly scalp occlusion was comparable in cure rates to permethrin. PJ can be a safe, affordable alternative to permethrin as a pediculicide.

Human ; Petrolatum

Background: In an effort to prevent and address perioperative hypoxemia, it has become customary to provide supplemental oxygen to all surgical patients. Recently, the value of such a practice has been questioned. This study was designed to determine the incidence as well as the potential risk factors associated with perioperative hypoxemia. Methods: During a 9 - week period, 84 ASA I-II patients who underwent ambulatory surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia were observed. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was monitored using a pulse oximeter prior to induction of anesthesia, during operation and until the patient was discharged from the recovery room. Patients breathed room air during the entire perioperative course unless dyspnea and/or desaturation occurred. Descriptive statistics was used to examine differences in oxygen saturations before, during, and after surgery. The association between each of the potential risk factors and the number of patients requiring supplemental oxygen was analyzed using Fisher's exact test (for attribute data e.g. level of sensory block) and the Wilcoxon's rank sum test for continuous data (e.g. age, smoking in pack years) to calculate the probability that the proportions did not differ. A/>< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative hypoxemia was 0 percent, 0 percent and 1.14 percent respectively while the need for supplemental oxygen was 2.27 percent intra-operatively and 2.27 percent postoperatively. Statistical analysis revealed that the level of block and body mass index were significant factors (P < 0.05) influencing the need for oxygen support. The need for supplemental oxygen was not associated with age, smoking history, surgical position, sedation level and Visual Analog Scale score. Conclusion: Results suggest that seemingly healthy patients who undergo lower abdominal, urologic, gynecologic or lower extremity surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia are at a low risk for hypoxemia. Pulse oximetry as part of routine monitoring may obviate the need for supplemental oxygen in this patient population. (Author)
Human ; ANESTHESIA ; ANOXEMIA ; OXIMETRY ; ANESTHESIA, SPINAL ; AMBULATORY SURGICAL PROCEDURES

BACKGROUND: Uremic xerosis is the most common dermatologic condition present in patients with chronic kidney disease. Emollients were shown to be beneficial and are considered to be the first-line of treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of virgin coconut oil (VCO) compared to mineral oil as a therapeutic mosturizer for uremic xerosis.
METHODS: Adult patients undergoing hemadialysis who have uremic xerosis were randomized using a computer-generated list and were instructed to apply either VCO or mineral oil twice daily on the legs for 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures included investigator-assessed clinical efficacy based on overall dry skin score (ODSS), change in skin hydration (corneometer readings), change in skin lipids (sebumeter readings), and quality of life scores. Secondary outcome measures included patient-assessed efficacy and advent of adverse effects. Overall therapeutic response was determined in which treatment success was defined as total clearance of xerosis or reduction of ODSS score and increased objective measurements (i.e., corneometer and sebumeter readings) plus moderate to marked patient-assessed efficacy, while treatment failure was defined as failure in any one of these parameters.
RESULTS: A total of 45 (22 VCO group, 23 mineral oil group) were recruited and 36 (18 VCO group, 18 mineral oil group) completed the study. The majority of patients in both treatment groups showed improved ODSS, corneometer readings, and quality of life scores. Most patients considered both treatment oils to be moderately to markedly effective. Analysis of overall therapeutic response revealed treatment success of 4 out of 22 in the VCO group and 4 out of 23 in the mineral oil group. VCO demostrated a trend to benefit in improving xerotic skin (RRR = 1.0%, 95% CI: -30, 26.3; RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.3) but results are inconclusive due to the wide confidence interval.
CONCLUSION: The application of VCO or mineral oil for 4 weeks may be equally beneficial and safe in improving uremic xerosis. VCO showed a trend to benefit compared to mineral oil in terms of overall therapeutic response but this needs to be confirmed in larger randomized controlled trials.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Coconut Oil ; Emollients ; Mineral Oil ; Lipids ; Plant Oils ; Treatment Outcome ; Skin ; Treatment Failure ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Objective: To understand the current overall status of implementation on the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Methods: According to the scheme design of the questionnaires, all the National Demonstration Areas were involved in this study. For each National Demonstration Areas, eight departments were selected to complete a total of 12 questionnaires. Results: Scores related to the implementation of the National Demonstration Areas accounted for 71.8% of the total 170 points. Based on the scores gathered from this study, the 23-items-index-system that represented the status of project implementation was classified into seven categories. Categories with higher percentile scores would include: monitoring (88.0%), safeguard measures (75.0%), health education and health promotion (75.0%). Categories with lower percentile scores would include: the national health lifestyle actions (67.7%), community diagnosis (66.7%), discovery and intervention of high-risk groups (64.7%), and patient management (60.9%). There were significant differences noticed among the eastern, central and western areas on items as safeguard measures, health education/promotion, discovery and intervention of high-risk groups. In all, the implementation programs in the eastern Demonstration Areas seemed better than in the central or western regions. As for the 23 items, five of the highest scores appeared on policy support, mortality surveillance, tumor registration, reporting system on cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events, and on tobacco control, respectively. However, the lowest five scores fell on healthy diet, patient self-management program, oral hygiene, setting up the demonstration units and promotion on basic public health services, respectively. The overall scores in the eastern region was higher than that in the central or the western regions. The scores in the central and western regions showed basically the same. Conclusions: The overall status of implementation on the National Demonstration Areas was satisfactory. Future attention should be focusing on patient management as well as discovery and intervention of high-risk groups, which also presented the lowest scores, in this survey.
China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Promotion/organization & administration* ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control* ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Population Surveillance ; Preventive Health Services/organization & administration* ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health ; United States

Objective: To understand the current situation on management of diabetes mellitus patients aged 35 and above in the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, in China. Methods: Local residents, aged 18 years and above were randomly selected by a complex, multistage, probability sampling method. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out between November and December 2016. Rates regarding prevalence, treatment and management of diabetes were calculated, and influencing factors of diabetes were analyzed by using the non-conditional logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 213 residents aged ≥35 years were included in this study, of which 11.48% (369/3 213) reported that they had ever been informed by a doctor or other health worker that their blood sugar level was high or being diabetic. The rate of self-reported treatment among the diabetic patients was 83.20% (307/369). Rates on overall management and standardized management were 69.92% (258/369) and 53.66% (198/369), respectively. Higher rates were seen in residents aged 55 to 64 years, 76.32% for overall management and 59.65% for standardized management. Through multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that standardized management for diabetes was much higher in the Demonstration Areas located in the eastern areas (OR=2.942, 95%CI: 1.547-5.594), or patients with characteristics including high implementation score (OR=3.499, 95%CI: 1.865-6.563), already signed family doctors (OR=5.661, 95%CI: 3.237-9.899), or without hypertension (OR=1.717, 95%CI: 1.010- 2.920). Residents who were living in the first and second batch areas of implementation or responding to the NCDs with positive attitude were more likely to accept standardized management. Conclusion: Prevention and management programs on diabetes had met the requirements set for the Demonstration Areas which had promoted the specific implementation and further development of standardized management on diabetes.
Adult ; Aged ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy* ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control* ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Self Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Aged ; Anxiety ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nurses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology* ; Workplace Violence

Objective: To assess the implementation and impact of programs carried out by the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Methods: Both sociological and epidemiological methods were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data in November and December, 2016 in order to conduct on process and outcome evaluation of the above mentioned objective. In the meantime, case study was also conducted. Results: All the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases were found well implemented across the country, with health education and health promotion, surveillance and safeguard measures in particular. A government-led and inter-sector coordination and communication mechanism had been well established, with more than 16 non-health departments actively involved. 28.7% of the residents living in the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases were aware of the key messages related to chronic diseases. Among the residents, 72.1% of them consumed vegetables and 53.6% consumed fruits daily, with another 86.9% walked at least 10 minutes per day. Over 70% of the patients with hypertension or diabetes reported that they were taken care of by the Community Health Centers, and above 50% of them were under standardized management. Residents, living in the National Demonstration Areas under higher ranking of implementation scores, were more likely to be aware of relevant knowledge on chronic disease control and prevention (OR=6.591, 95%CI: 5.188-8.373), salt reduction (OR=1.352, 95%CI: 1.151-1.589), oil reduction (OR=1.477, 95%CI: 1.249-1.746) and recommendation on physical activities (OR=1.975, 95%CI: 1.623- 2.403). Conclusion: The implementation of programs carried out by the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases had served a local platform for the control and prevention of non-communicable diseases, and thus become an important 'carrier' for chronic disease prevention and control programs in China.
China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Promotion/organization & administration* ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control* ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Population Surveillance ; Preventive Health Services/organization & administration* ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of glomuvenous malformation (GVM). Methods: Thirty-one cases of GVM diagnosed at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021 were collected. Their clinical and pathological features were analyzed. The expression of relevant markers was examined using immunohistochemistry. The patients were also followed up. Results: There were 16 males and 15 females in this study, with an average age of 11 years (range, 1-52 years). The locations of the disease included 13 cases in the limbs (8 cases in the upper limbs, 5 cases in the lower limbs), 9 cases in the trunks, and 9 cases in the foot (toes or subungual area). Twenty-seven of the cases were solitary and 4 were multifocal. The lesions were characterized by blue-purple papules or plaques on the skin surface, which grew slowly. The lumps became larger and appeared to be conspicuous. Microscopically, GVM mainly involved the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, with an overall ill-defined border. There were scattered or clustered irregular dilated vein-like lumens, with thin walls and various sizes. A single or multiple layers of relatively uniform cubic/glomus cells were present at the abnormal wall, with scattered small nests of the glomus cells. The endothelial cells in the wall of abnormal lumen were flat or absent. Immunohistochemistry showed that glomus cells strongly expressed SMA, h-caldesmon, and collagen IV. Malformed vascular endothelial cells expressed CD31, CD34 and ERG. No postoperative recurrence was found in the 12 cases. Conclusions: GVM is an uncommon type of simple venous malformation in the superficial soft tissue and different from the classical glomus tumor. Morphologically, one or more layers of glomus cells grow around the dilated venous malformation-like lumen, which can be combined with common venous malformations.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Glomus Tumor/surgery* ; Endothelial Cells/pathology* ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/pathology* ; Immunohistochemistry

Background: Oral azole drugs are a second-line option for the treatment of pityriasis versicolor but evidence on their efficacy and safety is unclear. Objectives. To determine the efficacy and safety of oral azoles in the treatment of patients with pityriasis Versicolor.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, and HERDIN, from inception to the period between January to February 2014. We did not restrict the search by language or publication status. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of oral azoles with placebo or no treatment, with topical agents, other oral azoles or dosing regimens in the treatment of pityriasis Versicolor, and that measured any of the pre-specified outcomes (mycologic cure, clinical cure, recurrence, duration to cure, time-to-cure, and quality of life). For adverse effects, we also included non-randomized studies (NRS). We used Cochrane methods to select studies, extract data, assess the risk of bias, pool studies, and calculate for treatment effects.

Results: We included 38 RCTs (n=2894) and 56 NRS (n=3452). Overall, there were few pooled studies and evidence was low to moderate quality. Oral azoles were more effective than placebo (mycologic cure, RR 11.34, 95% CI 4.90, 26.28; 3 RCTs, n=131; I2=0%; low quality of evidence) and as effective as topical agents (mycologic cure, RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.86, 1.21; 4 RCTs, n=232; I2=60%; moderate quality of evidence).There were few adverse effects and were mostly minor and transient.

Conclusions: Oral azoles may be more effective than placebo, and are probably as effective as topical agents in the treatment of PV. Triazoles are probably as effective as ketoconazole. Adverse effects were few, mostly minor, and transient.

Ketoconazole ; Itraconazole ; Fluconazole ; Tinea Versicolor ; Pityriasis ; Systematic Review ; Meta-analysis