Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma in Situ ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Cervix Uteri/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Papillomaviridae ; DNA, Viral

Objective: In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys revealed that approximately 98% of individuals with pulmonary TB have TB-presumptive abnormalities on chest radiographs, while 32% have no TB symptoms. This prompted the adoption of the “Double X” strategy, which combines chest radiographs and computer-aided detection with GeneXpert testing to screen for and diagnose TB among vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to describe demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic Double X participants and to assess multilabel radiographic abnormalities on chest radiographs, interpreted by computer-aided detection software, as a possible tool for detecting TB-presumptive abnormalities, particularly for subclinical TB. Methods: Double X participants with TB-presumptive chest radiographs and/or TB symptoms and known risks were referred for confirmatory GeneXpert testing. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all Double X participants and the subset with confirmed TB were summarized. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and subclinical TB and between computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities and TB. Results: From 2020 to 2022, 96 631 participants received chest radiographs, with 67 881 (70.2%) reporting no TB symptoms. Among 1144 individuals with Xpert-confirmed TB, 51.0% were subclinical. Subclinical TB prevalence was higher in older age groups, non-smokers, those previously treated for TB and the northern region. Among 11 computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities, fibrosis was associated with higher odds of subclinical TB. Discussion: In Viet Nam, Double X community case finding detected pulmonary TB, including subclinical TB. Computer-aided detection software may have the potential to identify subclinical TB on chest radiographs by classifying multilabel radiographic abnormalities, but further research is needed.

Introduction: In “Bencao gangmu” (李时珍本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica) written by Li Shizhen in 1590 mentioned that “Khublai’s Fundamental Principles of food and Drink” (忽必烈飲膳正要) instead of “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink” by Khusekhui. “Compendium of Materia Medica” is an encyclopedic work on traditional Chinese materia medica before the 16th century. It was compiled and written by Li Shizhen (1518-1593), a medical expert of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The compendium is the most complete and comprehensive medical book ever written in the history of Traditional Chinese medicine. It has been translated, totally and partially, in more than 20 foreign languages, including Japanese, Korean, Latin, French, German, English, Russian, etc. It has been reprinted over 100 times in the past 400 years and is still used by scientists, professionals, and practitionars of the fields as a monumental reference work. Why was famous herbalist Li Shizhen highlighted “Khublai’s Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink”?. Based on the “Bencao gangmu”, the title of the book was “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink”, but its popular name was “Khublai’s Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink”. Methods: We used following study methods; manuscripts, primary source methods, hermeneutic method, analysis-synthesis method. Results: According to the general content of the foreword by Minister Yuji and Khusihui (Husihui), the “Fundamental Principles of the Food and Drink” is not a newly developed work. Khublai Khan provided the motivation and basis for compiling this book. Conclusion “Fundamental Principles of the Food and Drink” is based on the use of herbal medicine and food that was founded by Khublai Khan and evaluated and selected and the actual consumption of the food and drink of eight Mongolian Khans from Khublai (1260-1294) to Zayat Khan (1328-1332). Before Husehui’s book “Fundamental Principles of the Food and Drink” was published, some information related to Mongolian food and drink can be found in the “ Secret history of the Mongols”.

Male ; Humans ; Spermatic Cord ; Mesothelioma ; Mesothelioma, Malignant

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of glomuvenous malformation (GVM). Methods: Thirty-one cases of GVM diagnosed at the Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021 were collected. Their clinical and pathological features were analyzed. The expression of relevant markers was examined using immunohistochemistry. The patients were also followed up. Results: There were 16 males and 15 females in this study, with an average age of 11 years (range, 1-52 years). The locations of the disease included 13 cases in the limbs (8 cases in the upper limbs, 5 cases in the lower limbs), 9 cases in the trunks, and 9 cases in the foot (toes or subungual area). Twenty-seven of the cases were solitary and 4 were multifocal. The lesions were characterized by blue-purple papules or plaques on the skin surface, which grew slowly. The lumps became larger and appeared to be conspicuous. Microscopically, GVM mainly involved the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, with an overall ill-defined border. There were scattered or clustered irregular dilated vein-like lumens, with thin walls and various sizes. A single or multiple layers of relatively uniform cubic/glomus cells were present at the abnormal wall, with scattered small nests of the glomus cells. The endothelial cells in the wall of abnormal lumen were flat or absent. Immunohistochemistry showed that glomus cells strongly expressed SMA, h-caldesmon, and collagen IV. Malformed vascular endothelial cells expressed CD31, CD34 and ERG. No postoperative recurrence was found in the 12 cases. Conclusions: GVM is an uncommon type of simple venous malformation in the superficial soft tissue and different from the classical glomus tumor. Morphologically, one or more layers of glomus cells grow around the dilated venous malformation-like lumen, which can be combined with common venous malformations.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Glomus Tumor/surgery* ; Endothelial Cells/pathology* ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/pathology* ; Immunohistochemistry

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, pathological diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma of the central nervous system. Methods: Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma of the central nervous system diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China from 2015 to 2022 were collected. The clinical manifestations, histological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetics of these cases were analyzed. The related literature was reviewed. Results: There were four males and two females, with a male to female ratio of 2∶1. The onset age was 17-40 years, with a median age of 23 years. All 6 tumors were located in the spinal cord (2 cases of cervical vertebra, 1 case of thoracic vertebra, 2 cases of lumbar vertebra, and 1 case of sacral vertebra). The patients' clinical manifestations were mostly lumbago, weakness and numbness of lower limbs/limbs. In 1 case, the tumor recurred and metastasized to the suprasellar region and the third ventricle. Microscopically, the tumor showed diffuse infiltrative growth. In some cases, the tumor was closely related to the spinal meninges. The tumor cells were arranged in sheet, lobular, thin-rope, and nest-like patterns. Homer-Wright rosette was visible. The tumor cells were small to medium in size, and most of them had scant cytoplasm. A few cells had clear cytoplasm. Some areas were rhabdoid. The tumor cell nuclei showed focal mild pleomorphism. The chromatin was uniform and delicate while the nucleoli were not obvious. Mitosis was commonly seen. The tumor was separated by fibrous connective tissue and may be accompanied by mucinous degeneration. Immunohistochemistry showed that all tumors were positive for CD99, NKX2.2, Fli1, ERG. ATRX, H3K27me3, INI1 and BRG1 were all retained. Immunohistochemical stains for EMA, GFAP and Olig2 were negative. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 30%-70%. EWSR1 break-apart FISH test was positive. Conclusions: Ewing's sarcoma is rare in the central nervous system and needs to be distinguished from a variety of neoplasms with primitive undifferentiated small cell morphology. Immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics may be required for a proper diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Central Nervous System/pathology*

As authorities braced for the arrival of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infrastructure investments and government directives prompted action in central Viet Nam to establish capacity for genomic surveillance sequencing. From 17 November 2021 to 7 January 2022, the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang sequenced 162 specimens from 98 150 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in the region collected from 8 November to 31 December 2021. Of these, all 127 domestic cases were identified as the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, whereas 92% (32/35) of imported cases were identified as the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant, all among international flight passengers. Patients were successfully isolated, enabling health-care workers to prepare for additional cases. Most (78%) of the 32 Omicron cases were fully vaccinated, suggesting continued importance of public health and social measures to control the spread of new variants.

Automobiles ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To understand the prevalence of HIV infection and its influencing factors in the premarital physical examination population in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 2017. Methods The data of people receiving premarital medical examination was collected, the demographic characteristics was described and the related factors was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results There were 21 875 participants receiving premarital medical examination in Dehong. 98(0.45%) participants were confirmed positive for HIV and male infection rate was 0.47% (52/10 955) and female was 0.42% (46/10 920). Among the 98 patients, 20 patients were infected in the first time, and main route was sexual transmission accounting for 81.63% (80/98). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, ethnicity and drug use were the influencing factors for premarital couples infecting HIV. The risk of HIV infection in 31-40 and 41-50 years old group was higher than the people under 25 years old group(OR=3.78, 95% CI：1.81-7.89, P<0.001；OR=3.95, 95% CI：1.72-9.08, P=0.001). The infection risk of Dai and Jingpo ethnic group was higher than that of the Han ethnic(OR=1.86, 95% CI：1.06-3.29, P=0.031；OR=3.25, 95% CI：1.81-5.84, P<0.001). The risk of infection among drug users was much higher than non-drug users (OR=926.76, 95% CI：271.65-3 161.71, P<0.001). Conclusion Age, ethnicity, and drug use are influencing factors of HIV infection among premarital couples. Targeted measures need to be taken against risk factors. HIV infection is mainly transmitted by sexual transmission. It can be effectively detected and controlled through premarital medical examination.