The purpose of this study was to investigate whether rhBMP-2 (BMP2) could induce synergistic effect with Pro-Root(R) MTA (MTA) in pulpotomized teeth in the rats. Healthy upper first molars from thirty-two, 10 weeks old, Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this investigation. The molars were exposed with round bur, and light pressure was applied with sterilized cotton to control hemorrhage. 1.2 grams of MTA cement was placed in right first molars as a control group. In left first molars, 1 microg of BMP2 was additionally placed on exposed pulps with MTA. All cavities were back-filled with light-cured glass-ionomer cements. The rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks and 7 weeks, respectively. Then histologic sections were made and assessed by light microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed via student t-test with SPSSWIN 12.0 program (p < 0.05). Inflammation observed in 2 weeks groups were severe compared to the 7 weeks groups. But the differences were not statistically significant. BMP2-addition groups had less inflammation than MTA groups in both periods, though these differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, the combination of BMP2 and MTA showed no differences with MTA only for pulpotomy of rat teeth.
Animals ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Microscopy ; Molar ; Pulpotomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth* ; Pemetrexed

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cross-linked dextran Lipen-10(R) used for penile augmentation under the physical impact generated during sexual intercourse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2010 to October 2011, a total of 20 patients with a mean age of 44 years (interquartile range, 20~70 years) who requested penile augmentation participated in this study. Lipen-10(R) filler is a mixture of 75% cross-linked dextran, 15% PMMA, and 10% hypromellose solution. With the patient in the supine position, Lipen-10(R) was injected into the subcutaneous tissue between the dartos fascia and Buck's fascia of the penis using a fanning technique. Penile length and circumference were measured before the procedure and six, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. Values were compared using the Student's t-test and the paired t-test. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients completed this study. The increases in circumference and length observed six months after the procedure were found to have been maintained without change at 12 and 18 months of follow-up. At 12 and 18 months of follow-up, no abnormal findings were observed. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging conducted at 18 months of follow-up showed no trace of the injected filler having migrated to other sites, and the volume was well maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Lipen-10(R), a mixture of PMMA and cross-linked dextran, showed good durability and tolerability over 18 months of follow-up during which the participants were sexually active.
Coitus ; Dextrans* ; Fascia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Longevity* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Penis ; Polymethyl Methacrylate* ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Supine Position

PURPOSE: To investigate the tissue distribution of PDE5 isoforms in type 2 diabetic rat penile tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared ten male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which develop NIDDM naturally, and ten control male Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats. An oral glucose tolerance test confirmed diabetes development in OLETF rats at 26 weeks. At 42 weeks, we checked serum glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, insulin, and adiponectin before sacrifice. We performed semi-quantitative multiplex RT-PCR for rat PDE5, PDE5A1, and PDE5A2. Immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-cGB-PDE5 and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. RESULTS: OLETF rats were significantly more hyperglycemic, hypogonadal, hyperinsulinemic, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglycemic, and had lower adiponectin levels than LETO rats. Levels of PDE5 mRNA were decreased in OLETF rats, but there were no changes in PDE5A1 or PDE5A2 mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Diabetes may contribute to decreased expression of PDE5 mRNA, but not PDE5A1 or PDE5A2, in rat penile tissue. Furthermore, serum free testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats. PDE5 has an important role in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction, but it is not clear whether PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 gene have specific roles.
Actins ; Adiponectin ; Animals ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles ; Penis ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; RNA, Messenger ; Testosterone ; Tissue Distribution

PURPOSE: To investigate the tissue distribution of PDE5 isoforms in type 2 diabetic rat penile tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared ten male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which develop NIDDM naturally, and ten control male Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats. An oral glucose tolerance test confirmed diabetes development in OLETF rats at 26 weeks. At 42 weeks, we checked serum glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, insulin, and adiponectin before sacrifice. We performed semi-quantitative multiplex RT-PCR for rat PDE5, PDE5A1, and PDE5A2. Immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-cGB-PDE5 and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. RESULTS: OLETF rats were significantly more hyperglycemic, hypogonadal, hyperinsulinemic, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglycemic, and had lower adiponectin levels than LETO rats. Levels of PDE5 mRNA were decreased in OLETF rats, but there were no changes in PDE5A1 or PDE5A2 mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Diabetes may contribute to decreased expression of PDE5 mRNA, but not PDE5A1 or PDE5A2, in rat penile tissue. Furthermore, serum free testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats. PDE5 has an important role in the development of diabetic erectile dysfunction, but it is not clear whether PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 gene have specific roles.
Actins ; Adiponectin ; Animals ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles ; Penis ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred OLETF ; RNA, Messenger ; Testosterone ; Tissue Distribution

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low-dose tamsulosin on sexual function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 138 male LUTS patients aged more than 50 years with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or =8 were enrolled in this open-label, multicenter, prospective, noncomparative observational study. Clinical assessments included IPSS, quality of life (QoL) index, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Danish Prostate Symptom Score (DAN-PSS), and an early morning erection questionnaire. The data were recorded at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after treatment with tamsulosin 0.2 mg/d. Adverse events were analyzed in all patients. RESULTS: During the study period of 3 months, the IPSS and QoL index significantly improved from baseline by -11.40+/-9.40 and -1.11+/-1.36, respectively (p<0.001). However, there were no clinically relevant changes in total IIEF score (mean difference, 1.63+/-15.50; p=0.406) or the 5 subdomains (p>0.05). Furthermore, DAN-PSS weighted scores (AxB) showed no clinically relevant changes (mean difference on Q1, Q2, and Q3: -0.45+/-2.94, 0.27+/-2.50, and -1.27+/-2.27, p>0.05). In addition, there were no clinically significant changes in responses on the early morning erection questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin at the dose of 0.2 mg significantly improved the IPSS and the QoL index compared with baseline. However, tamsulosin did not exhibit any significant impact on sexual function or any negative impact on ejaculatory function.
Aged ; Ejaculation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Sulfonamides

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for deterioration of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly men in a community-based, prospective longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: In a suburban area in Korea, 1,514 subjects aged > or =45 years were randomly selected by systematic sampling. A total of 918 elderly subjects were enrolled in this in-depth clinical study in 2004. Of these, 547 participants were followed up for 3 years and the data was analyzed in 2014. Standard questionnaires were administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. After excluding women, 224 male participants with complete data including transrectal ultrasonography were included in the final analysis. LUTS were diagnosed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Symptom deterioration was defined as a score of > or =8 points during the 3-year follow-up period. RESULTS: LUTS prevalence increased to 13.1% and the mean IPSS increased by 2.6 points during the 3-year period. After adjusting for confounders, a smoking history of > or =50 pack-years was an independent risk factor for deterioration of LUTS and storage subsymptoms compared with no history of smoking (3.1 and 5.1 odds, respectively). Physical activity had a protective effect on voiding subsymptoms. However, high protein diet and alcohol intake were not associated with LUTS deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: The LUTS prevalence among elderly men living in a suburban area increased to 13.1% and the IPSS increased by 2.6 points during the 3-year period. A history of heavy smoking, low physical activity, and high protein intake were associated with LUTS deterioration. However, there was no significant association between alcohol intake and LUTS deterioration.
Aged ; Cohort Studies* ; Diet ; Dietary Proteins ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Motor Activity* ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies* ; Prostate ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are correlated with erectile dysfunction (ED), but research on whether postmicturition dribble (PMD) is related to ED is limited. We assessed the correlation between PMD and ED in middle-aged and older Korean men with LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our prospective, cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study, we enrolled 205 men (age >40 years) with LUTS. LUTS and ED were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), respectively. PMD was assessed using the Hallym PostMicturition Dribble Questionnaire, Question 1, and the PMD volume was calculated in a paper test. Age, prostate volume, serum prostate-specific antigen, maximum urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the total and voiding IPSS between men with and without ED (p=0.042 and 0.043, respectively). The Hallym PostMicturition Dribble Questionnaire 1 score was inversely well correlated with the IIEF-5 score (r=−0.388, p < 0.001). Also, the PMD volume was inversely correlated with the IIEF-5 score (r=−0.138, p=0.042). ED prevalence increased as the Hallym PostMicturition Dribble Questionnaire 1 score increased (p=0.002). Further, incorporating the Hallym PostMicturition Dribble Questionnaire 1 into the IPSS tended to increase the predictive accuracy of LUTS by 4.2% in ED patients (p=0.082). CONCLUSIONS: PMD was significantly correlated with ED and reinforced the relationship between LUTS and ED in middle-aged and older men. PMD might be an important component of the association between LUTS and ED.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen

PURPOSE: According to previous studies, the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) in Korea ranges from 11.3% to 33%. However, the actual practice patterns in managing patients with PE is not well known. In this study, we have endeavored to determine how contemporary urologists in Korea manage patients with PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The e-mailing list was obtained from the Korean Urological Association Registry of Physicians. A specifically designed questionnaire was e-mailed to the 2,421 urologists in Korea from May 2012 to August 2012. RESULTS: Urologists in Korea diagnosed PE using various criteria: the definition of the International Society for Sexual Medicine (63.4%), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (43.8%), International Statistical Classification of Disease, 10th edition (61.7%), or perceptional self-diagnosis by the patient himself (23.5%). A brief self-administered questionnaire, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, was used by only 42.5% of the urologists. Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy was the main treatment modality (91.5%) for PE patients. 40.2% of the urologists used phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 47.6% behavior therapy, and 53.7% local anesthetics. Further, 286 (54.3%) urologists managed PE patients with a surgical modality such as selective dorsal neurotomy (SDN). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of Korean urologists diagnose PE by a multidimensional approach using various diagnostic tools. Most urologists believe that medical treatment with an SSRI is effective in the management of PE. At the same time, surgical treatment such as SDN also investigated as one of major treatment modality despite the lack of scientific evidence.
Anesthetics, Local ; Behavior Therapy ; Classification ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea ; Operative Time ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Physician's Practice Patterns ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urologic Surgical Procedures

PURPOSE: To evaluate how much the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affects sexual function and which storage symptoms or voiding symptoms have the greatest effect on sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 187 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either tamsulosin 0.2 mg (group A) or tamsulosin 0.2 mg and solifenacin 5 mg (group B). At 4 weeks and 12 weeks, the LUTS and sexual function of the patients were evaluated by use of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire, uroflowmetry, and bladder scan. RESULTS: Both groups A and B showed statistically significant improvements in IPSS, OABSS, and quality of life (QoL). Group A showed improved maximum flow rate, mean flow rate, and residual urine volume by time. Group B did not show an improvement in flow rate or residual urine volume but total voiding volume increased with time. The IIEF5 score was not improved in either group. In group A, the IIEF5 score dropped from 13.66+/-4.97 to 11.93+/-6.14 after 12 weeks (p=0.072). Group B showed a decline in the IIEF5 score from 13.19+/-5.91 to 12.45+/-6.38 (p=0.299). Although group B showed a relatively smaller decrease in the IIEF5 score, the difference between the two groups was not significant (p=0.696). CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin monotherapy and combination therapy with solifenacin did not improve erectile function despite improvements in voiding symptoms and QoL. The improvement in storage symptoms did not affect erectile function.
Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Erectile Dysfunction/*drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/complications/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Quinuclidines/*administration & dosage ; Rheology ; Sulfonamides/*administration & dosage ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Urological Agents/*administration & dosage

PURPOSE: To evaluate how much the improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affects sexual function and which storage symptoms or voiding symptoms have the greatest effect on sexual function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 187 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either tamsulosin 0.2 mg (group A) or tamsulosin 0.2 mg and solifenacin 5 mg (group B). At 4 weeks and 12 weeks, the LUTS and sexual function of the patients were evaluated by use of the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire, uroflowmetry, and bladder scan. RESULTS: Both groups A and B showed statistically significant improvements in IPSS, OABSS, and quality of life (QoL). Group A showed improved maximum flow rate, mean flow rate, and residual urine volume by time. Group B did not show an improvement in flow rate or residual urine volume but total voiding volume increased with time. The IIEF5 score was not improved in either group. In group A, the IIEF5 score dropped from 13.66+/-4.97 to 11.93+/-6.14 after 12 weeks (p=0.072). Group B showed a decline in the IIEF5 score from 13.19+/-5.91 to 12.45+/-6.38 (p=0.299). Although group B showed a relatively smaller decrease in the IIEF5 score, the difference between the two groups was not significant (p=0.696). CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin monotherapy and combination therapy with solifenacin did not improve erectile function despite improvements in voiding symptoms and QoL. The improvement in storage symptoms did not affect erectile function.
Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Erectile Dysfunction/*drug therapy/etiology ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/complications/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Quinuclidines/*administration & dosage ; Rheology ; Sulfonamides/*administration & dosage ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Urological Agents/*administration & dosage