Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is used for various indications. Contrary to computed tomography as a staging tool, breast MRI focuses on the breast parenchyma and axilla. In spite of narrow field of view, many structures such as the anterior portion of the lungs, mediastinum, bony structures and the liver are included which should not be neglected because the abnormalities detected on the above structures may influence the staging and provide a clue to systemic metastasis, which results in the change of treatment strategy. The purpose of this pictorial essay was to review the unexpected extra-mammary findings seen on the preoperative breast MRI.
Adult ; Aged ; Axilla ; Bone Neoplasms/*diagnosis/secondary ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; *Incidental Findings ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breakfast types in Korean adults with their daily nutrient intakes and health outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 11,801 20- to 64-year-old adults (age 42.9 +/- 11.8 yrs [mean +/- standard error of the mean]; male 41.1%, female 58.9%) in 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data were divided into 5 groups based on breakfast types in a 24-hr dietary recall: rice with 3 or more side dishes (Rice3+, 35.3%), rice with 0-2 side dishes (Rice0-2, 34.73%), noodles (1.56%), bread and cereal (6.56%), and breakfast skipping (21.63%). Daily nutrient intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome were compared among five groups. RESULTS: Compared with Korean Recommended Nutrient Intake levels, the breakfast-skipping group showed the lowest intake level in most nutrients, whereas the Rice3+ group showed the highest. Fat intake was higher in the bread and noodle groups than in the other groups. When compared with the Rice3+ group, the odds ratios for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome were increased in the breakfast skipping, Rice0-2, and noodle groups after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The rice-based breakfast group showed better nutritional status and health outcomes when eating with 3 or more side dishes. Nutrition education is needed to emphasize both the potential advantage of the rice-based, traditional Korean diet in terms of nutritional content and the importance of food diversity.
Adult* ; Bread ; Breakfast* ; Edible Grain ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio

The paraganglioma is rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from paraganglionic tissue and most cases show characteristic endocrinological symptoms that are caused by catecholamine secretion. We report here on a case of nonfunctioning retroperitoneal paraganglioma that did not show any neuroendocrine symptoms, and this was misdiagnosed as ovarian tumor by ultrasonography and CT.
Female ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Ovary* ; Paraganglioma* ; Pheochromocytoma ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Ultrasonography

The paraganglioma is rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from paraganglionic tissue and most cases show characteristic endocrinological symptoms that are caused by catecholamine secretion. We report here on a case of nonfunctioning retroperitoneal paraganglioma that did not show any neuroendocrine symptoms, and this was misdiagnosed as ovarian tumor by ultrasonography and CT.
Female ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Ovary* ; Paraganglioma* ; Pheochromocytoma ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Dense breasts have been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer, but controversy still remains. This study evaluates the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with dense breasts among Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 516 women were recruited and classified for breast density patterns as being either fatty or dense, using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) of the American College of Radiology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression, older age, higher body mass index, older age at menarche, and oral contraceptive use were associated with more fatty breasts. On the contrary, longer duration of education, alcohol consumption, lower parity, menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy were associated with dense breasts. After adjustment, age and body mass index were inversely associated with breast density (p-value for trend <0.01, respectively), whereas nulliparous and premenopausal status were positively associated. Compared to women who had > or =2 children, nulliparous women had an 11.8-fold increase of dense breasts (p-value for trend <0.01). Compared to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women had 2.4-fold increase of dense breasts (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 4.32). CONCLUSION: Young age, lower body mass index, lower parity, and premenopausal status were significantly associated with dense breasts in Korea.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Parity ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of targeted ultrasound (US) in the identification of additional suspicious lesions found by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in breast cancer patients and the changes in treatment based on the identification of the lesions by the use of targeted US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred forty nine patients who underwent breast MR imaging for a preoperative evaluation of breast cancer between January 2002 and July 2004 were included in the study. We searched all cases for any additional lesions that were found initially by MR imaging and investigated the performance of targeted US in identifying the lesions. We also investigated their pathological outcomes and changes in treatment as a result of lesion identification. RESULTS: Of the 149 patients with breast cancer, additional suspicious lesions were detected with MR imaging in 62 patients (42%). Of the 69 additional lesions found in those 62 patients, 26 (38%) were confirmed as cancers by histology. Thirty-eight lesions in 31 patients were examined with targeted US and were histologically revealed as cancers in 18 (47%), high risk lesions in two (5%), benign lesions in 15 (39%), and unidentified lesions in three (8%). The cancer rate was statistically higher in lesions with a US correlate than in lesions without a US correlate (p = 0.028). Of 31 patients, the surgical plan was altered in 27 (87%). The use of targeted US justified a change in treatment for 22 patients (81%) and misled five patients (19%) into having an unnecessary surgical excision. CONCLUSION: Targeted US can play a useful role in the evaluation of additional suspicious lesions detected by MR imaging in breast cancer patients, but is limited in lesions without a US correlate.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Breast/pathology ; Breast Diseases/diagnosis/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*diagnosis/surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/*diagnosis/surgery ; Carcinoma, Lobular/*diagnosis/surgery ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; False Negative Reactions ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Mammary/*methods

Almost all cystic renal masses are detected incidentally during ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Although the Bosniak classification of these lesions is based on CT imaging features, Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) or MR imaging also can be used for patients who are found to have contraindicated to contrast-enhanced CT examinations. Here, we compare the usefulness of the following imaging modalities for evaluating cystic renal masses based on their imaging features: CT versus CEUS, CT versus MR, and CEUS versus MR.
Classification* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography