Traumatic dislocation of the testicle is characterized by an ectopically displaced testis as the result of closed injury. Motorvehicle accident have provided the majority of cases, although a number of alternative causes have been reported ranging from kicks to the perineum to falling accidents. Surgery should be performed immediately in traumatic dislocation when closed reduction fails on initial presentation or when a concomitant injury to the testis exists that requires surgical intervention. We experienced 3 cases of subcutaneous inguinal dislocation of the testis. Of these a patient was successfully treated by immediate closed reduction and 2 others need exploration, reduction and fixation of the testis.
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Perineum ; Testis*

Urethral prolapse in female patients is a circumferential eversion of the entire or a portion of its distal mucosa through the external meatus. It is a rare pathological condition that generally occurs in prepubertal black girls and in menopausal white women. The exact etiology and pathophysiology of urethral prolapse remains obscure. But recently, Lowe et al proposed that it results from poor attachments between the smooth muscle layers in association with superimposed episodes of increased intraabdominal pressure. We experienced 4 cases of urethral prolapse in female. The clinical characteristics and treatment of the urethral prolapse are discussed with references.
Female* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscle, Smooth ; Prolapse* ; Urethra*

We studied the regulation of fibronectin (FN) gene expression by cAMP and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Dibutyryl cAMP increased FN synthesis and mRNA levels, while PMA inhibited the cAMP-induced FN synthesis. In transient transfection assays, cAMP increased FN promoter activity, while PMA paradoxically enhanced the cAMP-induced promoter activity. Stable transfection experiments, however, showed that neither cAMP or PMA alone nor together affected FN promoter activity. These results suggest that PMA antagonizes the cAMP-induced FN gene expression and that both the action of cAMP and the inhibition of its action by PMA may occur at the posttranscriptional level in HT-1080 cells.
Blotting, Northern ; Bucladesine/pharmacology* ; Bucladesine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Fibronectins/genetics* ; Fibrosarcoma/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation* ; Human ; Luciferase/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions (Genetics) ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology* ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism

Authors report five cases of chronic subdural hematoma that showed a specific sedimentation sign on computerized tomography(CT) as a clear interface dividing the hematoma into two parts:an upper hypodense and a lower hyperdense zone. All patients had definite history of head trauma more than 1 month before they developed acute disturbance of consciousness and pronounced hemiparesis. We had analyzed the clinical importance of this sedimentation level and reviewed the available literature. This finding was considered as a specific CT sign indicating a significant amount of recent hemorrhage within the subdural hematoma that was sufficiently old to result in its contents being homogenous prior to rebleed and clinically manifested by acute deterioration.
Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Hematoma* ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Paresis

Exocrine glands secrete large volumes of fluid in response to neural or hormonal stimulation. In the present studies, we examined the immunolocalization of AQP1-5 in salivary glands of rat to clarify the potential roles of these for fluid secretion. Immunohistochemistry using cryosections of rat submandibular glands revealed that AQP1 was located in the capillary endothelia between secretory gland cells. Secretory gland cells and ductal cells were not labeled with anti-AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 were not present in either salivary gland cells, intercalated ductal cells or striated ducts. AQP4 was localized in the basolateral plasma membrane domains of the intercalated ductal cells in rat submandibular glands whereas either secretory gland cells or striated ducts were not labeled. AQP5 was abundant in the apical domains of the secretory gland cells as well as of the secretory canaliculi and intercalated ductal cells, consistent with RT-PCR analyses as well as previous data (Nielsen et al., 1997). Importantly, AQP5 labeling was associated with the apical part of the secretory gland cells, raising the possibility for trafficking of AQP5 from intracellular vesicles to the apical plasma membranes following neuronal or hormonal stimulation. In parotid and sublingual glands, the immunolabeling pattern of AQPs was identical with that seen in submandibular glands, while the AQP5 immunolabeling was sparse in the sublingual glands which is mainly composed of mucinous glands. In conclusion, the basolateral localization of AQP4 in the intercalated ductal cells and presence of AQP5 in the apical plasma membrane of secretory acinar cells, canaliculi and intercalated ductal cells of submandibular gland suggest that both AQP4 and AQP5 may provide a critical pathway for osmotic water flow into the secreted fluid.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Cell Membrane ; Critical Pathways ; Exocrine Glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucins ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland ; Water

Transfonning growth factor-beta (TGP-beta) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. We evaluate the significance of the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 and correlation with prognostic factors in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to investigate the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, we analyzed Immunohistochemical staining from paraffin blocks of 22 cases of the prostate carcinoma and adjacent normal prostate. RESULTS: The expressions of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were noted in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, normal epithelial cells and stroma. The staining intensity and areas were examined and scored from 0 to 5. The TGF-beta1 staining scores of the tumor cells were higher than that of the adjacent normal epithelial cells (p=0.001). The TGF-beta2 staining scores of the tumor cells were also higher than that of the adjacent normal epithelial cells (p=0.003). However, there were no correlation between tumor surrounding stroma and normal stroma in TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 staining scores. The serum PSA level, the clinical stage, the Gleason score and the lymph node metastasis of the tumor did not correlated with the staining score of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the prostatic cancer was associated with alteration of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression by prostatic epithelial cells which play a role in prostatic carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Homeostasis ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2*

IgA nephropathy(IgAN) is the most frequent primary glomerular disease in many countries, including Korea. The typical clinical manifestation of IgAN is synpharygitic gross hematuria, which is usually innocuous for the renal function. Some patients who developed acute renal failure coinciding with episodes of gross hematuria are rarely observed in IgAN. We have observed a 29-year-old male patient with IgAN in whom the duration of gross hematuria(total 28 days) was clearly longer than usual, inducing anemia. We report a case of IgAN associated with anemia due to persistent gross hematuria and a brief review of the literature.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Anemia* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Korea ; Male

Abscesses in the spinal epidural space are seen in 0.2~1.2 patients per 10,000 hospital admissions and are much rarer than intracranial abscess. The morbidity and mortality of patients with infections in this location can be high, and most authors emphasize prompt diagnosis combined with appropriate antibiotics and surgical theraphy. Although laminectomy is frequently used for deagnosis and decompression of the neural element, it can lead to instability, and there are orther reports emphasizing the importance of anterior decompression with stabilization. We discussed the clinical features, radiologic findings of the case, and reviewed the literatures of this disease.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess* ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Mortality

Abscesses in the spinal epidural space are seen in 0.2~1.2 patients per 10,000 hospital admissions and are much rarer than intracranial abscess. The morbidity and mortality of patients with infections in this location can be high, and most authors emphasize prompt diagnosis combined with appropriate antibiotics and surgical theraphy. Although laminectomy is frequently used for deagnosis and decompression of the neural element, it can lead to instability, and there are orther reports emphasizing the importance of anterior decompression with stabilization. We discussed the clinical features, radiologic findings of the case, and reviewed the literatures of this disease.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess* ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Mortality

Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are rare and a meningeal location is even rarer. We report a solid meningeal hemangiblastoma in left parietal region, mimicking a meningioma on CT scan. There was no manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau disease. The literature on supratentorial meningeal hemangioblastoma was reviewed.
Hemangioblastoma* ; Meningioma ; Rabeprazole ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease