No abstract available.
Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetics*

BACKGROUND: Several studies about myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have demonstrated that patients with high score of erythrocytic and total dysplasia showed a significantly lower degree of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. We analyzed correlation between bone marrow dysplasia and peripheral blood indices, and estimated the value of peripheral blood indices substituted for bone marrow examination to predict the progress of MDS to AML. METHODS: RBC count, MCV, RDW, WBC count, platelet count, MPV, and PDW were measured by Coulter Counter STKS (USA). We calculated the granulation score (G-score), percentage of peudo-pelger polymorphs (PPP) in the peripheral blood film, and examined the dysplasia in bone marrow aspirates. The reticulocyte survival study was performed with the venous blood collected in CPDA-1 under sterile conditions which was incubated immediately after collection at 37degrees C. RESULTS: G-score was inversly correlated with granulocytic and total dysplasia, but highly scored PPP showed a significantly lower degree granulocytic and total dysplasia. Reticulocyte survival curves showed variable pattern according to degree of erythrocytic and total dysplasia. Patients with a high degree of erythrocytic and total dysplasia showed significant difference compared with normal control group. MPV was increased in accordance with increase in megakaryocytic and total dysplasia. A lower score for erythrocytic and total dysplasia was observed in RAEB-t than in RA and RAEB. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that G-score, PPP, and MPV in peripheral blood as well as reticulocyte survival curve may be good markers for bone marrow dysplasia, and erythrocytic and total dysplasia in RAEB-t is lower than in RA and RAEB. Therefore, peripheral blood indices can be used to predict the progress of MDS to AML
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Platelet Count ; Reticulocytes

BACKGROUND: We developed a single-color multitarget flow cytometry (SM-FC) assay, a single-tube assay with graded mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs). We evaluated the repeatability of SM-FC, and its correlation with multicolor flow cytometry (MFC), to assess its application as a routine FC assay. METHODS: We selected CD19, CD3, CD4, and CD8 as antigen targets to analyze a lymphocyte subset. MFIs were graded by adjusting monoclonal antibody (mAb) volumes to detect several cell populations. Dimly labeled mAb was prepared by decreasing mAb volume and the optimum diluted volume was determined by serial dilution. SM-FC repeatability was analyzed 10 times in 2 normal controls. The correlation between SM-FC and MFC was evaluated in 20 normal and 23 patient samples. RESULTS: CV values (0.8-5.0% and 1.3-4.1% in samples 1 and 2, respectively) acquired by SM-FC with CD3-fluorescein alpha-isothyocyanate (FITC)dim+CD4-FITCbright and with CD19-FITCdim+CD3-FITCbright showed good repeatability, comparable to that acquired by MFC (1.6-3.7% and 1.0-4.8% in samples 1 and 2, respectively). Excellent correlation was observed between the 2 methods in the 20 normal samples (B cells, T cells, non-Thelper cells, and Thelper cells; r2=0.87, 0.97, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively; P<0.05). There were also linear relationships between SM-FC with CD19-FITCdim+CD3-FITCbright and CD8-PEdim+CD4-PEbright, and MFC, in the 23 patient samples (B cells, T cells, Tcytotoxic cells, and Thelper cells; r2> or =0.98, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The multicolor, single-tube SM-FC technique is a potential alternative tool for identifying a lymphocyte subset.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/*immunology ; Antigens, CD19/chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD3/chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD4/chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, CD8/chemistry/metabolism ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism ; Color ; Flow Cytometry/*methods ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/*chemistry ; Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism

Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow is rarely found and characterized by accumulation of hyaluronic acid, fat atrophy and associated with bone marrow hypoplasia. This process has been reported to occur in severely malnourished patients. We report an anorexia nervosa patient showing pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow associated with gelatinous transformation. Pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear.
Anorexia Nervosa* ; Anorexia* ; Atrophy ; Bone Marrow* ; Gelatin* ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Pancytopenia

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Gray Platelet Syndrome* ; Korea

BACKGROUND: The hemopoietic stem cells increase in number during the regeneration after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Although the proportion of hemopoietic stem cells and their differentiation have been studied by immunophenotyping using the flow cytometry, no substantial research efforts have been directed toward the regenerating marrow. We attempted to discover the proportions of undifferentiated stem cells, committed stem cells, B cell precursors, and myeloid precursors in the regenerating bone marrows during complete remission (CR) and after engraftment of BMT. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 82 patients with acute leukemia in CR and from 25 patients after BMT engraftment, along with 22 control samples, were used to find the numbers of CD38-/CD34+, CD38+/CD34+, CD19+/CD34+, and CD13,33+/CD34+ cells in the large lymphocyte gate by flow cytometry. We cross-analyzed our results in terms of groups: CR, BMT, and initial diagnosis groups. We performed significance tests on age, relapse, chromosomal abnormalities, clinical outcomes, and initial immunophenotypes of the leukemic cells. RESULTS: The proportions of CD38-/CD34+, CD38+/CD34+, CD19+/CD34+, and CD13,33+/CD34+ cells are more highly distributed in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia than the normal group and also in the CR than the BMT group. CD19+/CD34+ cells were increased in the relapse group and CD38+/ CD34+, CD19+/CD34+, and CD13,33+/CD34+ cells were increased in the group with chromosomal abnormality. The results were irrelevant to the initial immunophenotype of the leukemic blasts. CONCLUSIONS: The increases of the markers spanned too widely to apply one specific cutoff value to analyze them. They seemed to be the results of normal regeneration, irrelevant to relapse or initial immunophenotype of leukemic blasts.
Acute Disease ; Antigens, CD19/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD34/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD38/*metabolism ; Bone Marrow/physiology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia/drug therapy/*metabolism/therapy ; Regeneration ; Remission Induction

No abstract available.
Adult ; Anemia/diagnosis ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/pathology ; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary/*diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mutation, Missense ; Republic of Korea ; Spectrin/chemistry/*genetics ; Splenomegaly/ultrasonography

A subgroup of acute leukemia with morphology resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) shows variant translocations involving RARA and has a different morphology from that of classical APL. The variant APL with t(11;17)(q23;q12); ZBTB16-RARA subgroup has been reported to have leukemic cells with regular nuclei, many granules, absence of Auer rods, an increased number of Pelgeroid neutrophils, strong myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) resistance. Here, we report a case of variant APL with t(11;17)(q23;q12); ZBTB16-RARA showing typical morphological features of classical APL, including numerous Auer rods and faggot cells. The leukemic cells expressed CD13, CD33, CD117, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and cytoplasmic-MPO on the immunophenotyping study. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic and molecular studies. To distinguish variant APL cases from classical APL cases, regardless of whether morphologically the findings are consistent with those of classical APL, combining morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies before chemotherapy is very important.
Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils ; Peroxidase

We report a case that revealed the characteristics of acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (AML-M2) on the morphology of the bone marrow biopsy and 45,X,-Y in conventional cytogenetic study, but was confirmed to have a typical AML1/ETO translocation by molecular studies using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Insertion of ETO gene on chromosome 8 into chromosome 21 in this patient resulted in the development of the chimeric gene, AML1/ETO, on the long arm of chromosome 21. Our final report on the patient's karyotype: 45,X,-Y.ish ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22)(AML1 +,ETO +;ETO +,AML1-). In case typical morphologic features compatible with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities are shown, molecular studies in addition to conventional cytogenetic study might be required to confirm the diagnosis.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Masks* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction