Lipohypertrophy refers to the phenomenon of subcutaneous fatty tissue becoming either softer or firmer than normal so that it becomes thickened. The presence of lipohypertrophy is associated with not rotating injection sites correctly, injecting into the same sites repeatedly, using smaller injection zones, and reusing needles. Injecting into lipohypertrophy sites can cause unexplained hypoglycemia because insulin absorption is delayed or erratic, thus potentially worsening glucose levels and even diabetes management. Therefore, developing a lipohypertrophy checklist for patients who inject insulin is necessary to detect lipohypertrophy as soon as possible in order to avoid repeatedly injecting into lipohypertrophy sites. A lipohypertrophy checklist will help patients maintain stable glucose levels by minimizing the risk of glycemic variability.
Absorption ; Adipose Tissue ; Checklist* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin* ; Needles

Background: Infantile hemangioma is the most prevalent benign vascular tumor in children, with propranolol being the first line systemic treatment. However, the efficacy of low dose propranolol has not been studied yet. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of low dose propranolol in treating infantile hemangioma in Korea. Methods: This study is a single-arm, retrospective cohort study to evaluating the efficacy of low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg/d) in treating infantile hemangioma. We collected data of patient’s demographics, lesion characteristics, duration and dosage of propranolol use, residual scar, and other treatments used. We evaluate treatment response of infantile hemangioma based on changes in the size of the lesion. Initially, patients were prescribed propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d and monitored on a monthly basis. In cases where the dermatologist deemed the treatment response was clinically insufficient, the dosage was increased to 2 mg/kg/d. Results: We analyzed 68 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma. A total of 86.76% of the patients (59/68) were exclusively treated with propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d, resulting in complete regression in 38.98% and partial regression in 61.02%. A total of 13.24% of patients (9/68) had their dosage increased to 2 mg/kg/d due to insufficient effectiveness, which led to improved conditions in nearly 90% of these patients. Conclusion Low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg) is effective in treating infantile hemangioma. Low dose propranolol is recommended to be used in combination with other treatments or for patients at high risk of propranolol adverse effects.

Background: Infantile hemangioma is the most prevalent benign vascular tumor in children, with propranolol being the first line systemic treatment. However, the efficacy of low dose propranolol has not been studied yet. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of low dose propranolol in treating infantile hemangioma in Korea. Methods: This study is a single-arm, retrospective cohort study to evaluating the efficacy of low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg/d) in treating infantile hemangioma. We collected data of patient’s demographics, lesion characteristics, duration and dosage of propranolol use, residual scar, and other treatments used. We evaluate treatment response of infantile hemangioma based on changes in the size of the lesion. Initially, patients were prescribed propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d and monitored on a monthly basis. In cases where the dermatologist deemed the treatment response was clinically insufficient, the dosage was increased to 2 mg/kg/d. Results: We analyzed 68 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma. A total of 86.76% of the patients (59/68) were exclusively treated with propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d, resulting in complete regression in 38.98% and partial regression in 61.02%. A total of 13.24% of patients (9/68) had their dosage increased to 2 mg/kg/d due to insufficient effectiveness, which led to improved conditions in nearly 90% of these patients. Conclusion Low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg) is effective in treating infantile hemangioma. Low dose propranolol is recommended to be used in combination with other treatments or for patients at high risk of propranolol adverse effects.

Background: Infantile hemangioma is the most prevalent benign vascular tumor in children, with propranolol being the first line systemic treatment. However, the efficacy of low dose propranolol has not been studied yet. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of low dose propranolol in treating infantile hemangioma in Korea. Methods: This study is a single-arm, retrospective cohort study to evaluating the efficacy of low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg/d) in treating infantile hemangioma. We collected data of patient’s demographics, lesion characteristics, duration and dosage of propranolol use, residual scar, and other treatments used. We evaluate treatment response of infantile hemangioma based on changes in the size of the lesion. Initially, patients were prescribed propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d and monitored on a monthly basis. In cases where the dermatologist deemed the treatment response was clinically insufficient, the dosage was increased to 2 mg/kg/d. Results: We analyzed 68 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma. A total of 86.76% of the patients (59/68) were exclusively treated with propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d, resulting in complete regression in 38.98% and partial regression in 61.02%. A total of 13.24% of patients (9/68) had their dosage increased to 2 mg/kg/d due to insufficient effectiveness, which led to improved conditions in nearly 90% of these patients. Conclusion Low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg) is effective in treating infantile hemangioma. Low dose propranolol is recommended to be used in combination with other treatments or for patients at high risk of propranolol adverse effects.

Background: Infantile hemangioma is the most prevalent benign vascular tumor in children, with propranolol being the first line systemic treatment. However, the efficacy of low dose propranolol has not been studied yet. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of low dose propranolol in treating infantile hemangioma in Korea. Methods: This study is a single-arm, retrospective cohort study to evaluating the efficacy of low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg/d) in treating infantile hemangioma. We collected data of patient’s demographics, lesion characteristics, duration and dosage of propranolol use, residual scar, and other treatments used. We evaluate treatment response of infantile hemangioma based on changes in the size of the lesion. Initially, patients were prescribed propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d and monitored on a monthly basis. In cases where the dermatologist deemed the treatment response was clinically insufficient, the dosage was increased to 2 mg/kg/d. Results: We analyzed 68 patients diagnosed with infantile hemangioma. A total of 86.76% of the patients (59/68) were exclusively treated with propranolol at 1 mg/kg/d, resulting in complete regression in 38.98% and partial regression in 61.02%. A total of 13.24% of patients (9/68) had their dosage increased to 2 mg/kg/d due to insufficient effectiveness, which led to improved conditions in nearly 90% of these patients. Conclusion Low dose propranolol (1 mg/kg) is effective in treating infantile hemangioma. Low dose propranolol is recommended to be used in combination with other treatments or for patients at high risk of propranolol adverse effects.