No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is rare, serious sporadic encephalitis associated with high mortality in untreated cases. Although cognitive impairment with fever could be the clue of diagnosis, various symptoms can make it difficult to be diagnosed. Dizziness is one of the most frequent symptoms ENT doctors can encounter. Authors experienced the HSE patient suffered rotatory sense of dizziness as a primary symptom and treated the patient successfully without major complication. We reported our experience and findings of vestibular function test of patient. It could be helpful to other ENT doctors who encounter similar patients.
Dizziness ; Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex ; Fever ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Methylmethacrylates ; Polystyrenes ; Vestibular Function Tests

PURPOSE: This study was to identify nursing interventive strategies centering around the meaning structure of elderly women self-esteem. METHOD: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. The participants were 6 women over the age of 65 selected in Mullae Senior Club or Yeongdeungpo Senior Welfare Center. The data was collected by in-depth and open- ended interviews from May to September, 2001. The analysis of the data was used the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi(1970). RESULT: Two essential themes in the self- esteem of relationships the elderly women emerged: (1) Self-identification through human relations: (2) The ability for self-control. CONCLUSION: There is a variety of programs and social meetings to confirm self and support systems, whether on the governmental level or the personal level, to help the ability for self-control should be expected to live a more qualitative life and successful aging for elderly women. In addition, this study will offer a better understanding of elderly women within the social and cultural context of South Korea.
Aged* ; Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing

Some of cerebral palsy patients are accompanied by mental retardation, convulsion, scoliosis and thoracic deformity. We experienced general anesthesia of a 22-year-old male with cerebral palsy accompanied by high degree mental retardation and scoliosis for dental caries therapy. We performed anesthetic management of this patient without any occurrence of anesthesia-related complications, though we had some difficulties in anesthetic induction and postural maintenance during the process. We recognized that considerable attention is needed for the patients with cerebral palsy to avoid undesirable anesthetic complications, especially ventilatory failure and neurologic sequelae.
Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthesia, General ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Scoliosis ; Seizures ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Asthma is a complex disease that is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversible airway obstruction, and inflammation, marked mainly by eosinophilic infiltration. The bulk of the evidence identifies alphaCD4(+) TH2 cells as having a pivotal role in mediating the inflammation that is central to asthma but The role of CD8(+) T cells in the development of allergic airway disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD8(+) T cells in the development of AHR and airway inflammation in mouse model of chronic asthma. METHODS: Mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection on day 1, 14 and then challenged by OVA intranasal instillation on days 27, 28, 29 47, 61, 73, 74 and then 75 days. Anti-CD8 antibody was administered to sensitized mice by i.v. injection 2h before second sensitization, day 27 and 73. In vivo airway responsiveness was measured by whole body plethysmography (Penh) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) on day 77. Lung eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokine levels were also assessed. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened AHR to methacholine when compared with non-sensitized animals. Administration of anti-CD8 antibody prevented both development of AHR as well as BALF eosinophilia. Treatment with anti-CD8 antibody also resulted in supression of IL-5 production in BALF. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CD8 (+) T cell may have a potential role in the development of chronic allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses in mouse model.
Airway Obstruction ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Negotiating ; Ovum ; Plethysmography, Whole Body ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th2 Cells

PURPOSE: Recently many studies show early exposure during childhood growth to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) and/or early exposure to allergens exhibit important role in development of allergy including bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endotoxin and allergen exposure in early life via the airways in the pathogenesis of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresposiveness (AHR) in mouse model of asthma. METHODS: Less than one week-old Balb/c mice was used. Groups of mice were received either a single intranasal instillation of sterile physiologic saline, 1% ovalbumin (OVA), LPS or 1.0 microgram LPS in 1% OVA. On 35th day, these animals were sensitized with 1% OVA for 10 consecutive days via the airways. Animals were challenged with ovalbumin for 3 days on 55th days, and airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine expression were assessed. Measurements of airway function were obtained in unrestrained animals, using whole-body plethysmography. Airway responsiveness was expressed in terms of % enhanced pause (Penh) increase from baseline to aerosolized methacholine. Lung eosinophilia, serum OVA-IgE and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytokine levels were also assessed. ANOVA was used to determine the levels of difference between all groups. Comparisons for all pairs were performed by Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference test; P values for significance were set to 0.05. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice with OVA showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine. Early life exposure of OVA and/or LPS via the airway prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Exposure with OVA or LPS also resulted in suppression of interleukin (IL)-4, 5 production in BAL fluid and OVA specific IgE in blood. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that antigen and/or LPS exposure in the early life results in inhibition of allergic responses to OVA in this mouse model of astham. Our data show that early life exposure with OVA and/or LPS may have a protective role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses in mouse model of asthma.
Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophilia ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Plethysmography

PURPOSE: Allergic asthma is a complex syndrome of reactions within the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). There is an emerging body of knowledge defining the role of CD8 (+) T cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The role of CD8 (+) T cells in the development of allergic airway disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD8 (+) T cells during the induction of allergen-induced AHR and airway inflammation. METHODS: Mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection on day 1, 14 and then challenged by OVA inhalation on days 24, 25, 26. Anti-CD8 antibody was administered to sensitized mice by i.v. injection 2h before second sensitization and first airway challenge. In vivo airway responsiveness was measured by whole body plethysmography (Penh) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) on day 28. Lung eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokine levels were also assessed. RESULTS: Sensitized and challenged mice showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine when compared with nonsensitized animals. Administration of anti-CD8 antibody prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Anti-CD8 antibody abolished peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with anti-CD8 antibody also resulted in supression of IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CD8 (+) T cell may have a potential role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses.
Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Bronchoconstriction ; Eosinophilia ; Inflammation* ; Inhalation ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Methacholine Chloride ; Mice ; Ovum ; Plethysmography, Whole Body ; T-Lymphocytes*

The United Nations Environmental Program Governing Council has regulated mercury as a global pollutant since 2001 and has been preparing the mercury convention, which will have a strongly binding force through Global Mercury Assessment, Global Mercury Partnership Activities, and establishment of the Open-Ended Working Group on Mercury. The European Union maintains an inclusive strategy on risks and contamination of mercury, and has executed the Mercury Export Ban Act since December in 2010. The US Environmental Protection Agency established the Mercury Action Plan (1998) and the Mercury Roadmap (2006) and has proposed systematic mercury management methods to reduce the health risks posed by mercury exposure. Japan, which experienced Minamata disease, aims vigorously at perfection in mercury management in several ways. In Korea, the Ministry of Environment established the Comprehensive Plan and Countermeasures for Mercury Management to prepare for the mercury convention and to reduce risks of mercury to protect public health.
Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; European Union ; Humans ; Japan ; *Mercury ; Policy Making ; Public Health ; United Nations ; United States

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair. It is very common in children and unusual in adults. We evaluated the clinical and mycologic aspects of tinea capitis in 6 adult patients registered in Kyunghee University Hospital from January 2003 to December 2003. The isolated dermatophytic flora of the patients consisted of Trichophyton rubrum (83%) and Microsporum canis (17%). When tinea capitis occurs in adults the clinical features may be atypical and this may delay the diagnosis. The necessity for heightened clinical suspicion and diagnostic tenacity in the evaluation of adults with scalp dermatitis and/or alopecia for possible tinea capitis is underscored.
Adult* ; Alopecia ; Child ; Dermatitis ; Diagnosis ; Hair ; Humans ; Microsporum ; Scalp ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton