No abstract available.
Humans ; Mass Screening*

No abstract available.
Proteinuria*

Minmal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) has been often associated with elevated IgE levels and referred to involve immune dysfunction. We have reported that MCNS may be a T-cell disorder involving abnormal production of interleukin-4 and that the counter regulation of CD23 by Interleukin-4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of MCNS, however IgE is also regulated by Interleukin-13. In order to evaluate the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in the pathogenesis of MCNS, Ten(5 male, 5 female) patients with MCNS were studied along with 5 normal controls. Mean age was 7.9+/-4.53 years. In unstimulated MCNS samples, IL-4 levels were 2.71+/-0.61pg/mL (controls 0.90+/-0.00pg/mL) and IL-13 were 185.70+/-40.43pg/mL(controls 42.40+/-12.98pg/mL). In PHA-P stimulated samples, IL-4 were 6.25+/-1.90 pg/mL(controls 0.90+/-0.000) and IL-13 were 9,990.00+/-2,416.60 pg/mL(controls 2,020.00+/-176.49pg/mL). Although further studies are needed to confirm both IL-4 and IL-13 may be an important cytokines, however IL-4 might be more sensitive marker in the pathogenesis of MCNS.
Cytokines ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Interleukin-13* ; Interleukin-4* ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; T-Lymphocytes

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.
Caregivers ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Seizures, Febrile ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.
Caregivers ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Seizures, Febrile ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture on reduction of headache. METHOD: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. 45 middle school girls who complained of headache were selected as subjects. The study lasted from November 2002 to June 2003. There were 22 girls in the experimental group while 23 girls were control group; convenience assignment was used. The two groups were homogeneous on characteristics. The experimental group received hand acupuncture. The treatment was to puncture corresponding points (A33, B27, M1, I2) on both the palm and the back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles, and then remove them after a 20-30 minutes recess during which the subjects reclined on a bed. The data were analyzed using the SPSS PC with Fisher's Exact X(2)-test, and Mann Whitney U-test. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the experimental group, objective pain decreased after hand acupuncture (U= -2.51, p= .01). As for the objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed in the experimental groups (U= -2.35, p= .02). Facial expressional changes were observed (U= -1.87, p= .06) and perspiration degree (U= -.99, p= .32) has reduced. However, these differences were not statistically significant between the experimental and control group. 2) Subjective pain degree decreased after hand acupuncture in the experimental as compared to the control group. 3) No statistical significant difference in comfort (U= -.29, p= .78) or distress (U= -1.51, p= .13) between experimental and control group were found. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture is an effective method for reducing headache. Therefore, hand acupuncture can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for headache reduction.
Acupuncture* ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Hand* ; Headache* ; Humans ; Needles ; Nursing ; Punctures ; Voice ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body positioning on PaO2, SpO2, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiration(above all defined physiologic index), of patients with unilateral lung disease. The subjects for this study were eleven patients admitted to I.C.U. of K.H.M.C. with a diagnosis of unilateral lung disease confirmed by chest X-ray and the attending doctor, from January 30th. to April 20th. 1999. A quasi-experimental repeated-measures cross-over design was used to compare three body positions(semi-Fowler's, lateral decubitus with good lung dependent, and lateral decubitus with diseased lung dependent). Each subject spent 30 minutes in semi-Fowler's position and 2 hours in good lung dependent position and diseased lung dependent position. Starting in the semi-Fowler's position, then in the lateral position with the good lung dependent or the diseased lung dependent as assigned in random order. Thirty minutes after each positioning, arterial blood sample was analyzed. Measurements of all physiologic index were recorded at the specified intervals(0, 30, 60 90, and 120 minutes) in good lung dependent and diseased lung dependent position. Statistical comparison of PaO2 value was done using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to analyse the within-subject effect of two dependent position for 2 hours on the five dependent variables: 1. PaO2 2. SpO2 3. systolic blood pressure 4. diastolic blood pressure 5. pulse. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The PaO2 value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the PaO2 value in the diseased lung dependent position(Z=-2.8451, p=.002). 2. The PaO2 value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the PaO2 value in the semi-Fowler's position (Z=-2.6673, p=.003). 3. The difference between the PaO2 value in the semi-Fowler's position and the PaO2 value in the diseased lung dependent position was not significant(Z=-1.2448, p=.10). 4. There were no statistically significance in the trends of physiologic index in the good lung dependent position and the diseased lung dependent position. From the results, it may be concluded that the good lung dependent position is the most effective position for patients with unilateral lung disease that improve oxygenation. Identification of positioning over time may be need further studies.
Blood Pressure ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Oxygen ; Thorax

The purpose of this study was to analyse the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar using the 3-dimension finite element method. An extracted maxillary first molar of normal shape and average root length was selected and sectioned every 1.5mm parallel to the cementoenamel junction. Each section was traced and digitized to construct 3-D finite element model of the maxillary first molar. After a certain magnitude of counterbalancing moment(M) was applied to the tooth, a varying single force(F) of distomesial direction was applied to a certain point of the tooth until the tooth was translated. The force producing translation(Ft) was substituted to the equation deltad = M/Ft to calculate the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar. And reducing the alveolar bone level 1.68mm, and 3.36mm below to the cementoenamel junction, the tooth movement was analysed to see the effect of reducing the alveolar bone level to the location of the center of resistance. The results were as follows; 1. The center of resistance of the maxillary first molar was 3.72mm apical, 1.10mm buccal, and 0.71mm mesial to the geometric center of the horizontally sectioned surface at the cementoenamel junction. This point was 0.36mm apical, 1.20mm buccal, and 0.71mm mesial to the trifurcation point, indicating that it was not on the tooth root. 2. As the alveolar bone level was reduced, the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar was moved to the apical direction.
Finite Element Analysis* ; Molar* ; Tooth ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth Movement ; Tooth Root

Background: Sleep is an important physiological process that is required to perform daily functions. Sleep duration is reported to be correlated withobesity. This study investigated the association between sleep duration and abdominal obesity in Korean adult male. Methods: We used data from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 2016–2017. In total, 3,997 maleaged >20 years were included. The frequency and weighting percentage of sleep duration were calculated. Chi-square test was performed withRao–Scott calibration. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of sleep duration with abdominal obesity. Results: The overall effect of abdominal obesity on sleep duration was significant. The probability of developing abdominal obesity when the averagesleep duration was below than 5 hours was 1.495 times higher than that when it was 7 hours. Conclusion Sleep duration was related to abdominal obesity in Korean adult male.

OBJECTIVE: Coiled aneurysms are known to recanalize over time, making follow-up evaluations mandatory. Although de novo intracranial aneurysms (DNIAs) are occasionally detected during routine patient monitoring, such events have not been thoroughly investigated to date. Herein, we generated estimates of DNIA development during long-term observation of coiled cerebral aneurysms, focusing on incidence and the risk factors involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 773 patients undergoing coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Their medical records and radiologic data accrued over the extended period (mean, 52.7 ± 29.7 months) were analyzed. For the detection of DNIA, follow-up magnetic resonance angiography and/or conventional angiography were used. The incidence of DNIAs and related risk factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator. RESULTS: In 19 (2.5%) of the 773 patients with coiled aneurysms, DNIAs (0.56% per patient-year) developed during continued long-term monitoring (3395.3 patient-years). Of these, 9 DNIAs (47.4%) were detected within 60 months, with 10 (52.6%) emerging thereafter. The most common site involved was the posterior communicating artery (n = 6), followed by the middle cerebral artery (n = 5) and the basilar top (n = 4). Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age (< 50 years) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.045; p = 0.010) and recanalization of coiled aneurysms (HR = 2.560; p = 0.047) were significant factors in DNIA formation, whereas female sex, smoking, and hypertension fell short of statistical significance. Cumulative survival rates without DNIA were significantly higher in older subjects (> 60 years; p < 0.001) and in the absence of post-coiling aneurysm recurrence (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: In most patients with coiled aneurysms, development of DNIAs during long-term monitoring is rare. However, younger patients (< 50 years) or patients with recurring aneurysms appear to be predisposed to DNIAs.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Medical Records ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survival Rate