BACKGROUND: Prolotherapy is an effective treatment for pain due to ligament or tendon laxity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolotherapy on the relief of shoulder pain. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients who complained of shoulder pain were investigated using a pain score system. Prolotherapy was performed using 15% dextrose to regions according to Hemwall's pattern. We recorded numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores just before prolotherapy and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks later. RESULTS: For the 29 patients, prolotherapy proved to be effective and satisfactory in 83% (NRS; 7.2 +/- 0.8 before, 2.0 +/- 1.3 after prolotherapy). CONCLUSIONS: Prolotherapy with 15% dextrose resulted in a clinically significant improvement of shoulder pain due to ligamentopathy.
Glucose ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Shoulder Pain* ; Shoulder* ; Tendons

Background/Aims: Effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on the risk of hipfracture is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the association between PPIuse and hip fracture risk using a large cohort. Methods: This study recruited participants from the nationwide cohort (n =1,025,340). After exclusion of participants who had hip fractures or were aged less than 40 years during the baseline period (2002 to 2004), 371,806 participants were followed to 2013. Participants prescribed PPIs for more than 90 days during baseline period were defined as users. Fracture cases were defined when participants were hospitalized with claims of a hip fracture. Results During 4,159,343 person-years of follow-up, fractures developed more oftenin PPI users than in nonusers (relative risk [RR], 1.787; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.260 to 2.534; p = 0.002). The results persisted after adjusting for age, sex, andmany drugs relevant to osteoporosis or influential in bone health. Furthermore,fracture risk associated with PPI use increased with duration of use ( p trend < 0.001). The fully adjusted RRs of hip fracture development were 1.350 (95% CI, 1.203 to 1.515) for 1- to 90-day users, 1.487 (95% CI, 0.957 to 2.311) for 91- to 180-day users, and 1.771 (95% CI, 0.931 to 3.368) for > 180-day users. The positive association between PPI use and fracture was also confirmed in a subgroup with health screening data where further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity was available (adjusted RR, 2.025; 95% CI, 1.151 to 3.564, p = 0.014). Conclusions: PPI use is associated with hip fracture development.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: An association between obesity and erosive esophagitis has been reported, but the effects of sarcopenia and obesity on erosive esophagitis are unknown. This study examined the relationship between obesity, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and erosive esophagitis in a large population of asymptomatic men and women.METHODS: This study analyzed 32,762 subjects who underwent a comprehensive health check-up, which included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, from August 2006 to December 2011 by a cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was defined as a decrease in the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/body weight value of two SD or more below the normal means for a younger reference group.RESULTS: The study was carried out on four groups according to obesity and sarcopenic status: normal, obesity, sarcopenic, and sarcopenic obese group. In a multivariable model, the risk of erosive esophagitis was higher in the obese (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.22–1.49), sarcopenic (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.40–3.19), and sarcopenic obese groups (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.27–1.87) than in the normal group. The risk of erosive esophagitis was higher in the sarcopenic and sarcopenic obese groups than the obese group; the ORs were 1.63 (95% CI 1.08–2.47) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.01–1.46), respectively. In dose-response analysis, increasing sarcopenia severity showed a positive and graded relationship with the overall, Los Angeles (LA)-B or higher grade, and LA-C erosive esophagitis.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that sarcopenia is strongly and progressively associated with erosive esophagitis.