BACKGROUND: Prolotherapy is an effective treatment for pain due to ligament or tendon laxity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolotherapy on the relief of shoulder pain. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients who complained of shoulder pain were investigated using a pain score system. Prolotherapy was performed using 15% dextrose to regions according to Hemwall's pattern. We recorded numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores just before prolotherapy and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks later. RESULTS: For the 29 patients, prolotherapy proved to be effective and satisfactory in 83% (NRS; 7.2 +/- 0.8 before, 2.0 +/- 1.3 after prolotherapy). CONCLUSIONS: Prolotherapy with 15% dextrose resulted in a clinically significant improvement of shoulder pain due to ligamentopathy.
Glucose ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Shoulder Pain* ; Shoulder* ; Tendons

Epidemiological studies of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) have been conducted in limited geographical regions. Little is known about the prevalence of MBL in Asia. We investigated the prevalence and immunophenotypic characteristics of MBL in Koreans who had idiopathic lymphocytosis (lymphocyte count >4.0×109/L) and were ≥40 years of age. A total of 105 leftover peripheral blood samples met these criteria among those from 73,727 healthy individuals who visited the Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center, Korea, from June 2018 to August 2019. The samples were analyzed using eight-color flow cytometry with the following monoclonal antibodies: CD45, CD5, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD23, and kappa and lambda light chains. The overall prevalence of MBL in the study population was 2.9% (3/105); there was one case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like MBL (CD5+CD23+), one case of atypical CLL-like MBL (CD5+CD23−), and one case of CD5−MBL with a lambda restriction pattern. This is the first study on the MBL prevalence in an East Asian population, and it reveals a relatively low prevalence of MBL in healthy Korean individuals with lymphocytosis.

Among the possible complications of radiation therapy, acute and chronic side effects on the skin can be induced by percutaneous radiotherapy in the target site. Common skin lesions include radiation dermatitis, which can be treated by topical application of dressing and ointment. Pemphigoid disease, which displays similar clinical features as other skin diseases such as recurrent cancer and herpes zoster, rarely occurs in the site of radiotherapy; therefore, care must be taken during diagnosis for a timely treatment. The present report is a case of pemphigoid disease that had developed in a patient with endometrioid/clear cell carcinoma after radiation therapy, and the time between onset and radiotherapy was more than 6 months.

Among the possible complications of radiation therapy, acute and chronic side effects on the skin can be induced by percutaneous radiotherapy in the target site. Common skin lesions include radiation dermatitis, which can be treated by topical application of dressing and ointment. Pemphigoid disease, which displays similar clinical features as other skin diseases such as recurrent cancer and herpes zoster, rarely occurs in the site of radiotherapy; therefore, care must be taken during diagnosis for a timely treatment. The present report is a case of pemphigoid disease that had developed in a patient with endometrioid/clear cell carcinoma after radiation therapy, and the time between onset and radiotherapy was more than 6 months.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) has increased recently in Korea. Little is known concerning the prevalence and characteristics of RE in pediatric patients. This study investigated the prevalence and influence of risk factors in endoscopically proven RE in Korea in pediatric patients over a period of 14 years. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients between the ages of 1 month and 20 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Samsung Medical Center between 2001 and 2014 was carried out. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for RE. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven RE in this study was 28.7% (978/3,413). The prevalence of RE increased from 11.8% from 2001 to 2007 to 37.7% from 2008 to 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residency in the Greater Gangnam area (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.44) and age (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.15) were significant predictive factors for the presence of RE. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven pediatric RE has increased over the past 14 years. Residency and older age are more important independent risk factors for pediatric RE in Korea.
Child* ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophagitis, Peptic* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on psychological factors and quality of life in the obese women (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) for four weeks. Seventy five women (20 < or = age < 26) participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General diet group (GD group, n = 27) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n = 27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n = 27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Physical factors (weight, BMI, fat(%)) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Moreover, binge eating habit and environmental factors (surrounding support, emotional reaction, expression of opinion) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Psychological factor and quality of life were no significant differences among three groups during the experimental period, because both were significantly decreased in all groups after 4 weeks. Therefore, very low calorie diet using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients for 4 weeks was effective on improvement of psychological factor and quality of life as well as weight reduction in the obese premenopausal women.
Bulimia ; Caloric Restriction* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Meals* ; Poaceae ; Psychology* ; Quality of Life* ; Weight Loss

Background: Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis, it carries risks of complications. With a growing number of TKAs performed on older patients, understanding the cause of mortality is crucial to enhance the safety of TKA. This study aimed to identify the major causes of short- and long-term mortality after TKA and report mortality trends for major causes of death. Methods: A total of 4,124 patients who underwent TKA were analyzed. The average age at surgery was 70.7 years. The average follow-up time was 73.5 months. The causes of death were retrospectively collected through Korean Statistical Information Service and classified into 13 subgroups based on the International Classification of Diseases-10 code. The short- and long-term causes of death were identified within the time-to-death intervals of 30, 60, 90, 180, 180 days, and > 180 days. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) and cumulative incidence of deaths were computed to examine mortality trends after TKA. Results: The short-term mortality rate was 0.07% for 30 days, 0.1% for 60 days, 0.2% for 90 days, and 0.2% for 180 days. Malignant neoplasm and cardiovascular disease were the main short-term causes of death. The long-term (> 180 days) mortality rate was 6.2%. Malignant neoplasm (35%), others (11.7%), and respiratory disease (10.1%) were the major long-term causes of death.Men had a higher cumulative risk of death for respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Age-adjusted mortality was significantly higher in TKA patients aged 70 years (SMR, 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–5.4) and between 70 and 79 years (SMR 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5–3.5) than that in the general population. Conclusions The short-term mortality rate after TKA was low, and most of the causes were unrelated to TKA. The major causes of long-term death were consistent with previous findings. Our findings can be used as counseling data to understand the survival and mortality of TKA patients.

Background/Aims: The effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is uncertain, with potential to worsen damage. This study aimed to find the best method for protecting the entire GI tract from mucosal damage. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at Samsung Medical Center (2002-2019) included 195,817 patients prescribed GI mucosa-damaging agents. The primary goal was to assess the effectiveness of GI protective agents in preventing significant hemoglobin drops (>2 g/dL), indicating overall GI mucosal damage. Self-controlled case series and landmark analysis were used to address biases in real-world data. Results: The incidence rate ratios for rebamipide, PPI, and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) were 0.34, 0.33, and 0.52, respectively. Rebamipide showed a significantly lower incidence rate than H2RA and was comparable to PPIs. Landmark analysis revealed significant reductions in hemoglobin drop risk with rebamipide and H2RA, but not with PPI. Conclusions Rebamipide, like PPIs, was highly effective in preventing blood hemoglobin level decreases, as shown in real-world data. Rebamipide could be a comprehensive strategy for protecting the entire GI tract, especially when considering PPIs' potential side effects on the lower GI tract.

Background/Aims: The effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is uncertain, with potential to worsen damage. This study aimed to find the best method for protecting the entire GI tract from mucosal damage. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at Samsung Medical Center (2002-2019) included 195,817 patients prescribed GI mucosa-damaging agents. The primary goal was to assess the effectiveness of GI protective agents in preventing significant hemoglobin drops (>2 g/dL), indicating overall GI mucosal damage. Self-controlled case series and landmark analysis were used to address biases in real-world data. Results: The incidence rate ratios for rebamipide, PPI, and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) were 0.34, 0.33, and 0.52, respectively. Rebamipide showed a significantly lower incidence rate than H2RA and was comparable to PPIs. Landmark analysis revealed significant reductions in hemoglobin drop risk with rebamipide and H2RA, but not with PPI. Conclusions Rebamipide, like PPIs, was highly effective in preventing blood hemoglobin level decreases, as shown in real-world data. Rebamipide could be a comprehensive strategy for protecting the entire GI tract, especially when considering PPIs' potential side effects on the lower GI tract.

Background/Aims: The effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is uncertain, with potential to worsen damage. This study aimed to find the best method for protecting the entire GI tract from mucosal damage. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at Samsung Medical Center (2002-2019) included 195,817 patients prescribed GI mucosa-damaging agents. The primary goal was to assess the effectiveness of GI protective agents in preventing significant hemoglobin drops (>2 g/dL), indicating overall GI mucosal damage. Self-controlled case series and landmark analysis were used to address biases in real-world data. Results: The incidence rate ratios for rebamipide, PPI, and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) were 0.34, 0.33, and 0.52, respectively. Rebamipide showed a significantly lower incidence rate than H2RA and was comparable to PPIs. Landmark analysis revealed significant reductions in hemoglobin drop risk with rebamipide and H2RA, but not with PPI. Conclusions Rebamipide, like PPIs, was highly effective in preventing blood hemoglobin level decreases, as shown in real-world data. Rebamipide could be a comprehensive strategy for protecting the entire GI tract, especially when considering PPIs' potential side effects on the lower GI tract.