No abstract available.
Burns* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Free Tissue Flaps*

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) that histologically resembles nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma has been reported in various sites including the stomach, salivary gland, lung, skin, thymus, tonsil and uterine cervix. LELC of the stomach was rarely reported after the first report by Burke et al. in 1990. More than 60% of them were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Most commonly affecting elderly Asians with slight male predominance (M/F ; 1.2/1), it usually is located in the proximal portion of the stomach and distinguished from lymphoid-rich adenocarcinoma by the absence of definitive glandular differentiation in the LELC. We recently experienced 4 cases of LELC of the stomach associated with EBV. Patients consisted of two Korean females and two Korean males with one in 3rd decade, one in 5th decade and two in 6th decade. The tumors of all cases were located in the proximal portion of the stomach. Gross types were 1 Borrman type I, 2 Borrman type II and 1 early gastric carcinoma type IIc. The size of the tumors varied from 0.8 cm to 7 cm. Microscopic findings were similar in all 4 tumors.; The tumors were composed of syncytial nests of undifferentiated cells having vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, admixed with abundant lymphoplasma cell infiltration in the stroma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were reactive for cytokeratin and the stromal lymphocytes were mostly T cells. There were dark hybridization signals in the nuclei of most of the tumor cells but no signals in the stromal lymphocytes in three cases on in situ PCR hybridization and on all cases PCR amplification for EBNA-1. It is concluded that LELCs of the stomach have distinctive histologic characteristics and the usual association with EBV. Further accumulation of these cases will define the prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Stomach* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymus Gland

Beta-lapachone (beta-Lap; 3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-naphthol[1, 2-b]pyran-5,6-dione) is a novel anti-cancer drug under phase I/II clinical trials. beta-Lap has been demonstrated to cause apoptotic and necrotic death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the beta-Lap toxicity against cancer cells has been controversial. The most recent view is that beta-Lap, which is a quinone compound, undergoes two-electron reduction to hydroquinone form utilizing NAD(P)H or NADH as electron source. This two-electron reduction of beta-Lap is mediated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which is known to mediate the reduction of many quinone compounds. The hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap then spontaneously oxidizes back to the original oxidized beta-Lap, creating futile cycling between the oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap. It is proposed that the futile recycling between oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap leads to two distinct cell death pathways. First one is that the two-electron reduced beta-Lap is converted first to one-electron reduced beta-Lap, i.e., semiquinone beta-Lap (SQ).- causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then causes apoptotic cell death. The second mechanism is that severe depletion of NAD(P)H and NADH as a result of futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap causes severe disturbance in cellular metabolism leading to apoptosis and necrosis. The relative importance of the aforementioned two mechanisms, i.e., generation of ROS or depletion of NAD(P)H/NADH, may vary depending on cell type and environment. Importantly, the NQO1 level in cancer cells has been found to be higher than that in normal cells indicating that beta-Lap may be preferentially toxic to cancer cells relative to non-cancer cells. The cellular level of NQO1 has been found to be significantly increased by divergent physical and chemical stresses including ionizing radiation. Recent reports clearly demonstrated that beta-Lap and ionizing radiation kill cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Indications are that irradiation of cancer cells causes long-lasting elevation of NQO1, thereby sensitizing the cells to beta-Lap. In addition, beta-Lap has been shown to inhibit the repair of sublethal radiation damage. Treating experimental tumors growing in the legs of mice with irradiation and intraperitoneal injection of beta-Lap suppressed the growth of the tumors in a manner more than additive. Collectively, beta-Lap is a potentially useful anti-cancer drug, particularly in combination with radiotherapy.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Benzoquinones ; Cell Death ; Electrons ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leg ; Mice ; NAD ; Naphthoquinones ; Necrosis ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Recycling ; Substrate Cycling

Nutrition is thought to be much more important to the handicapped for their growth and development and successful management of their disease because they have much more complexed problems in physical, emotional, familial, and socioeconomic aspects. The authors determined number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte, number of platelets for the survey of anemia to evaluate the nutritional status in mental and physical handicapped. Mean Corpuscular volume, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration were calculated as usual according to wintrobe. Total iron binding capacity and serum iron were also measured in the hadicapped. The study group consists of total III handicapped children, who were composed of 13 first visitors to Out Patient Department, 51 hopsitalized patients in Rehabilitation Hospital, and 47 patients attending a Special Elementary School for the handicapped. Of the III subjects, 58 had cerebral plasies, 49 poliomyelitises and 4 had other orthopedic problems. Results. 1. Anemia were seen in 14 subjects, composed of 4 first visitors to O.P.D.(28.6% of all the anemias, 30.8% of all the O.P.C. subjects), 7 hospitalized subjects(50% of all the anemias, 13.7% of all the hospitalized subjects) and 3 Special School subjects(21.4% of all the anemias, 6.4% of Special School subjects). Incidence of anemia was higher in O.P.D. subjects than in the subjects of other groups. 2. Incidence of anemia by the disease entities was higher in the indivisuals with cerebral palsy, 7 in number(50% of all the anemias, 11.1% of all the cerebral palsy subjects) than in 5 those with poliomyelitis (35.7% of all the anemias, 10.2% of all the poliomyelitis subjects), or in 2 other subjects. 3. Incidence of anemia by the age was higher in the subjects below 6 years of age whose number was 5(35.7% of all the anemias, 45.5% of all the subjects below 6 years of age) than in the subjects above 9 years of age whose number was 9(64.3% of all the anemias, 11.1% of all the subjects above 9 years of age). The incidence of anemia in the subjects above 12 years of age was 17.7%(seven of the nine anemias above 9 years of age). 4. Five of the seven cerebral palsy patients with anemia were below 6 yeas of age(45.5% of all the cerebral palsy subjects below 6 years of age). All of the five poliomyelitis patients with anemia were above 9 years of age(11.1% of all the poliomyelitis subjects above 9 years of age). 5. Iron deficiency anemia was noted in 6 of 14 anemia patients(43% of all the anemias), which were composed of 2 cerebral palsy patients below 6 years of age, 3 poliomyelitises and one patients with congenital hip dislocation above 9 years of age.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Cerebral Palsy ; Disabled Children ; Disabled Persons* ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Growth and Development ; Hematocrit ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Leukocytes ; Nutritional Status ; Orthopedics ; Poliomyelitis ; Rehabilitation ; Reticulocytes

No abstract available.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Telephone*

Neuroglial cells are actively participate in the pathogenesis or in the recovery procedures following brain lesions. The study was performed to evaluate the plasticity of glial cells following different degree of brain lesions. Neurosurgical operations were made on the rats fixed on the stereotaxic apparatus. Tissue column of 3 mm-diameter was isolated in the caudatoputamen with concomitant severe bleeding in the first group. In the second group, the sensorimotor cortex was suctioned out with moderate bleeding. In the third group, the mammillary body was electrically coagulated with minimal bleeding. Caudatoputamens, as a lesioned tissue or as a target tissue of lesioned area, were studied light and electron microscopically. Observations on reactivities and plasticities of neuroglial cells on the different situations, the following results were obtained : 1. Astrocytes were swollen within an hour following brain lesions. 2. In case of smaller lesion, astroglia alone remove altered structures. 3. Microglia are increased in number, if the lesion is large with severe bleeding. The microglia might come from blood monocyte via transformation to pericyte. 4. In large lesion, astroglia were greatly hypertropied, and microglia might be moving and functioning effeciently within the hypertropied cytoplasm of astroglia. 5. In the stabilizing stage, astroglia produce glial fibers and fix the exhausted microglia. Fixed microglia are proceed into apoptotic process in the cytoplasm of astroglia and removed by them. All these procedures might be controlled by various receptors and secretions of astroglia. It means that astroglia is not only the basic supporting element of nervous tissue, but also an actively functioning element for the most effective homeostatic functioning of the neuropil.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Astrocytes ; Brain* ; Cytoplasm ; Hemorrhage ; Mamillary Bodies ; Microglia ; Monocytes ; Neuroglia* ; Neuropil ; Pericytes ; Plastics* ; Rats ; Suction

This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal Class ill malocclusion and normal occlusion. Mterials for the skeletal Class ill sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adult individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class III malocclusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter first premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion and normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed*

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

The synergistic effect of combining radiation therapy and hyperthermia kills significantly more cells than using either modality alone. The reason for enhanced cell killing from the combined treatment is that the two modalities are complementary. For histopathological exmination, 102 rats were divided into 4 groups as hyperthermia, radiation, hyperthermia combined with radiation and normal control groups. The effect of prior irradiation (6-15 Gy of X-ray) on the response of small and large bowel of rats to 40degree C-44degree C (for 30 minutes) microwave (2450 MHz) hyperthermia was investigated. The musculature of the small and large intestine remained intact and the circumference of the histological sections were not significantly altered by the heated at 43degree C for 30 minutes. Thermal enhancement ratios of normal tissue is 1.0. Thermal enhancement ratio was not increased in combination therapy by evaluation of histopathologic changes in small and large intestine.
Animals ; Fever* ; Homicide ; Hot Temperature ; Intestine, Large* ; Microwaves* ; Rats*