In case of the large bone defect due to severe varus or valgus deformity in total knee replacement, there are many different methods for reconstruction of the bone defect for insertion of the tibial component after resection of the proximal tibia. Total knee replacement using the autogenous bone graft were performed in 27 knees (18 patients) with tibial bone defect. Authors report the methods and results with an average 23 months follow-up. We used the bone removed from distal femur and calculated the size of the proximal tibia. We used the screws, if necessary, for rigid fixation of the grafted bone. l. According to the type of bone defect, central defect type were 3 knees, peripheral defect type were 13 knees and combined type were 11 knees. 2. In A-P view of x-ray, the size of bone defect of the tibial plateau ranged 5mm to 25mm (average 11.1mm) in height. 3. Screws were used for fixation of grafted bone in 14 knees and the average size of the screws was 27.8mm. 4. Bony union of the grafted bone achieved from 3 months to 12 months (average 5.7months). 5. Average knee ROM was 105 degrees and improved post-operatively 121 degrees, and average flexion contracture was 22.4 degrees and improved post-operatively 7.5 degrees. 6. Post-operative tibiofemoral angle was average 7.5 degrees valgus. 7. Average knee rating score was 54.5 and improved post-operatively 89.2. 8. The comlication of bone graft was partial resorption in 1 case and the loosening or displacement due to screw were abscent.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Tibia ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine the knowledge of nursing and allied health-college students on cough etiquette and their actual compliance to it. METHODS: For data collection, a structured questionnaire was created and handed out to students from 3 colleges from November 9 to November 18, 2011. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 students, and responses from 253 students were used for data analysis. RESULTS: In total, 54.85% students provided correct answers to questions regarding their knowledge on cough etiquette. The compliance score was 34.39 (compliance rate: 61.41%). There was a positive association between knowledge of proper cough etiquette and compliance with those procedures. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that college student's knowledge of cough etiquette is low, and subsequently that their compliance with the proper procedures of cough etiquette was low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to build knowledge of proper cough etiquette amongst these students.
Compliance ; Cough ; Data Collection ; Hand ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency*

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a nationwide health survey in Korea. This survey is composed of three parts: the Health Interview Survey, the Health Examination Survey, and the Nutrition Survey. The aim of this study was to refine the nutrition survey system in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on the literature review, we summarized international survey systems and the limitations of the current system in Korea and proposed an improved system. We suggested the following: 1) A government agency which will be exclusively responsible for KNHANES overall is needed. 2) The current short-term nutrition survey should be a year-round survey. 3) The objectives of this survey should be written with more clarity and detail. 4) Biochemical measures in relation to nutritional status should be added. 5) The budget to set up various databases in the nutrition survey should be increased. 6) Various other issues should be addressed, including the definition of raw data (i.e., whether nutrient intake data per day is raw data), ethical issues in survey techniques, and strategies to produce evidence for the public using this survey data. Not all suggestions could be adopted in the short-term, but should be integrated into long-term goals for survey system improvement.
Budgets ; Ethics ; Government Agencies ; Health Surveys ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status

The VATER syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies with a nonrandom tendency for concurrence. Defects include vertebral, anorectal malformation, tracheoesophageal fisutla with esophageal atresia, radial-limb, vascular, and renal abnormalities. The critical period of organogenesis is at or before the sixth or seventh week of gestation. We experienced one case of VATER syndrome in a 1 day old male neonate having vertebral anomalies, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal esophageal segment, imperforated anus, left renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis of the right kidney and both hydroureter, patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of VATER syndrome with brief review of related literature.
Anal Canal ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Organogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent nosocomial infections and are frequently associated with indwelling urinary catheters. It is known that adherence to standard infection control measures for urinary catheters can reduce UTIs in hospitals. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of education in reducing catheter-related UTIs (CR-UTIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) of a university hospital. METHODS: CR-UTIs were prospectively monitored for all patients with indwelling urinary catheters in ICUs from July 2006 through December 2007. Recommendations based on previously known guidelines for catheter insertion, catheter management, and specimen collection to prevent CR-UTIs were formulated and educated in March 2007. Knowledge and adherence level were evaluated before and after educating healthcare workers about the recommendations using questionnaire. Changes in knowledge and adherence level before and after education were compared by Chi-square test. Changes in the rate of CR-UTIs and urinary catheter utilization ratios were also analyzed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: After education, knowledge level of and adherence level to most of the recommendations were improved significantly. The rate of CR-UTIs significantly decreased by 48% from 7.43/1,000 catheter-days before intervention to 3.87/1,000 catheter-days after intervention (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Surveillance for nosocomial infections and education for standard infection control measures are very important in preventing CR-UTIs in ICUs.
Catheters ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Prospective Studies ; Specimen Handling ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to evaluate the factors related to the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and prostate associated symptoms of professional taxi drivers in Korea, who had to abstain from adequate voiding on working time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study, including 192 professional taxi drivers and 120 sedentary desk workers (control group), was performed. The subjects were assessed by a questionnaire that was composed of three parts; structurized 13 basic questions including voiding abstinence, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). All possible factors that affect the presence of LUTS and prostate associated symptoms were analyzed, such as age, the duration of service, on-duty time per day, and length of voiding abstinence. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age between the taxi driver group and the control group. The duration of service of the control group was significantly longer, however, on-duty time per day was significantly longer in the taxi driver group than the control group (p<0.01). The length of voiding abstinence during duty was significantly longer in the taxi driver group than the control group (p<0.01). The total score, irritative symptom score, obstructive symptom score, and quality of life score of the IPSS questionnaire were significantly high in the taxi driver group (p<0.01). Also, the total score, pain score, urinary symptom score, and quality of life impact score of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire were significantly higher in the taxi driver group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LUTS and prostate associated symptoms were more frequent and severe in the taxi driver group than the control group. The habitual abstinence of voiding and prolonged sedentary working environments could contribute to poor voiding function and prostate associated symptoms in taxi drivers.
Automobile Driving ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate* ; Prostatitis ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Tract*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the humeral tunnel characters and clinical relevance according to entry point of the humeral tunnel in the baseball players. It was hypothesized that the medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction with nonanatomical starting location of the humeral tunnel (inferior edge of the medial epicondyle: group NA) provided less favorable radiological and clinical outcomes compared to that with anatomical starting location (original footprint of the MCL: group A). The retrospective case review yielded 19 consecutive athletes who underwent isolated MCL reconstruction using the docking technique. Three dimensional-computed tomography scan was performed at 3 months, and the iso-surfacing by marching cubes algorithm were applied to evaluate the length and angle of humeral tunnel. Three outcome measures were used in this study: the visual analog scale for pain, range of motion and the Conway scale. The angle of the humeral tunnel was measured 12.2° (range, 7.9°–25.2°) in the group NA and 15.5° (range, 9.8°–30.4°) in the group A (p<0.05). The mean length of humeral tunnel is measured 16.3 mm (range, 11.7–20.1 mm) in the group NA and 15.2 mm (range, 10.3–19.1 mm) in the group A (p<0.05). MCL reconstruction brought substantial improvement in pain and function. However, between-group comparison revealed no statistical differences in all outcome measurements. The MCL reconstruction using the docking technique provided favorable clinical outcomes in baseball players. Although the humeral tunnel angle and length were different depending on the humeral entry points, clinical differences between the two entry points were not found.
Athletes ; Baseball* ; Collateral Ligaments* ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Analog Scale

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn infants remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn period despite much improvements in neonatal intensive care and artificial ventilatory techniques. Gastric fluid was obtained from 151 patients within 6 hours after delivery. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the simple shake test (133 cases) and stable microbubble rating (SMR) test (151 cases) were assessed in the diagnosis of RDS, as well as the relation between both tests and RDS. We carried out both tests of on gastric aspirates all newborn who admitted to NICU of Presbyterian Medical Center from June 1991 to August 1992. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Among the total 151 cases, RDS were found in 41 cases(27.2%). 2) RDS occurence rate of the simple shake test was 11/11 in 0 group, 17/26 in +1 group, 8/28 in +2 group, 2/41 in +3 group, and 2/27 in +4 group. RDS occurence rate was high the 0 and +1 group. 3) RDS occurence rate of the SMR test was 4/4 in very weak group, 32/36 in weak group, 1/33 in medium group, and 4/78 in strong group. RDS occurence rate was high in the very weak and weak group. 4) Among the positive group of the SMR test 95 cases, positive group of the shake test were found in 87 cases. Among negative group of the SMR test 38 cases, negative of the shake test were found in 29 cases (correlation coefficient=0.763). 5) Sensitivity of the shake test and SMR test were 70%, 87.8% respectively. Specificity of the shake test and SMR test were 93.3%, 96.4% respectively. Positive predictability were 75.7%, 90% respectively and negative predictability were 87.5%, 95.5% respectively. The shake test, as Well as SMR test, has significant value to diagnosis of the RDS. We predict RDS occurence rate of the SMR test was significantly higher than shake test.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Protestantism ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Lovastatin(Mevacor) belongs to a new generation of potent drugs for the treatment of hypercho- lesterolemia. It acts by competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase, diminishing in that way the cholesterol synthesis in the liver. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors also affect cutaneous lipid content. This can induce cutaneous side effects such as eczernatous rashes or xerotic, ichthyosiform lesions due to abnormality in the barrier function in some patients. We report a 54-year-old male patient who developed ichthyosiform skin lesions under treatment with lovastatin(Mevacor) for hypercholesterolemia.
Cholesterol ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Liver ; Lovastatin ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidoreductases ; Skin*