We studied prospectively on the grade of severity of reflux gastritis after Billroth- I (15 patients and B-II (66 patients) using gastrofiberscopy mostly 3~4 montsh after operations from December 1988 to February.The grade of severity af gastritis was arbitarily defined as follows; Grade 0-almost no reflux of bile and no redness on gastric mucosa. Grade 1-mild redness of the mucosa limited within an inch from anastomotic line. Giade 2-Edema and mucosal redness involves almost one half of remaining gastric mucosa. Grade 3-the above cbanges involves most of remnant gastric mucosa. Gtade 4-in addition to grade 3, friability of mucosa and/or, erosions is noted. Grade 5- ulceraitions of mucosa in addition to the above changes. Using the above defined criteria, we obtained the following results; 1) there was no rieflux gastritis in one patient in B- I group and remainders have varing grades of reflux gastritis, ie; 93% (14/15) (see Table 2). 2) In B- II reconstructed patients, grade 0 was 2 patients and remainder had reflux gastrits, ie; 96% (64/66) (see table 4). 3) Grade 5 patients have ulcerations in the esophagus and grade 2 changes in the stomach.
Bile ; Esophagus ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach ; Ulcer

Purpose: Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease.We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in Korean patients. Methods: A total of 32 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed before surgery and 6 months after surgery using transient elastography and serologic panels. Results: Thirteen patients (40.6%) were male and 19 (59.4%) were female, with a mean age of 39.3 ± 11.3 years. The body mass index was significant at the 6th month: 39.1 ± 6.7 and 30.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2 (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean preoperative controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement values were 325.4 ± 55.9 dB/m and 7.4 ± 4.8 kPa, respectively, before surgery, and they decreased to 267.1 ± 45.1 dB/m and 5.3 ± 2.3 kPa, respectively, 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that bariatric surgery is associated with a significant improvement in liver steatosis and fibrosis. Bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with morbid obesity in Korea.

OBJECTIVE: The justification of informed consent requires that a patient be provided with the information necessary for deciding treatment and able to use such information based on reasonable thinking. The clinical decision to consider anyone who has mental disorder as incompetence without objective assessment does not only encroach human rights of the persons with mental illness, but seriously prevent them from being recovered. Hence the objective assessment of competency is needed in mental health. Our study aimed to develop the Korean Tool of Competency to Consent to Psychiatric Hospitalization and to analyze the reliability and validity of this tool. METHODS: Totally 98 patients with mental illness who were hospitalized in mental hospital, participated in this study. For the subjects a questionnaire composing of 22 questions of understanding, appreciation, reasoning and expression of a choice was used. To investigate validity of this tool, MMSE-K, insight test, estimated IQ, BPRS were conducted. Its reliability and usefulness were examined with Cronbach's alpha, ICC and ROC analysis respectively and criterion related validation performed. RESULTS: As results, this tool shows that agreement between raters is relatively high and the confirmatory factor analysis for constructive validation shows that the tool is valid. Also, for criterion related validation, estimated IQ, insight and MMSE are significantly correlated to understanding, appreciation and reasoning. However competence to express a choice did not show any significant correlation with criterion variables, nor showed BPRS any significant correlation with sub-competences. CONCLUSION: Our study developed the Korean Tool of Competency to Consent to Psychiatric Admission Treatment in the Mentally Ill, verified the reliability and validity of the tool and analyzed the optimum cutoff to distinguish between competence and incompetence in sub-competences. Korean Assessment Tool of Competency to Consent to Psychiatric Hospitalization (KATOC), analyzed the reliability and validity of this tool and presented the cutoff points by subarea. As a result, the reliability and validity of satisfactory levels were verified, the ROC analysis was implemented based on the clinical assessment and the cutoff points were found in understanding, appreciation, expression of a choice and reasoning. Such findings showed that the tool developed by researchers could be very favorably used in Korea.
Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Korea ; Mental Competency ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Mentally Ill Persons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; ROC Curve ; Thinking

Chronic fatigue syndrome has been recency reconceptualized as a bio-psycho-social disorder. Although the up-to-date pathophysiological hypothesis of this disorder in Europe & America is based on viral origin, no medical therapy has been proven effective in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The authors report a case with chronic fatigue syndrome treated successfully with combined psychotherapy and antidepressant. Emphasizing the effectiveness and utility of the psychiatric treatment, we also review the related literatures about the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Americas ; Europe ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic* ; Humans ; Psychotherapy

The common errors in preoperative treatment plan for the orthognathic surgery can be occurred during cast impression, cast mounting procedure with face-bow transfer, surgical stent fabrication, and so on. One of the most common errors exists during mounting process of the model on the articulator. Accurate mounting of dental casts to articulator should be achieved by transferring the 3- dimensional spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to an articulator. A face-bow is used for transfer this relationship to articulator, usually by relating the face-bow to a plane of reference of maxillary cast. The purpose of this study is evaluation of the accuracy of face-bow transferring of maxillary model to the articulator. The maxillary casts of thirty patients for orthognathic surgery were mounted on articulator with an face-bow instrument. The relationship of occlusal plane angle to Frankfort horizontal plane relations were compared the cephalogram with the cast-mounted articulator. As a result of this study, the significant difference between the maxillary occlusal planes angle in the cephalogram and articulator were found . The results were followed,1. The mean occlusal plane angle in cast-mounted articulator was 13.5.(SD+/-5.4).2. The mean occlusal plane angle in cephalogram was 10.4.(SD+/-4.3).3. The mean difference of occlusal plane angle between cast-mounted articulator and cephalogram was 3.3.(SD+/-4.6).According to the result, we should suggest that the occlusal plane angle to Frankfort plane in cast-mounted articulator is more steeper than that of cephalogram.And then, maxillofacial surgeon should try to get a more predictable result by suggesting the proper correction method and mounting the cast accurately.
Dental Articulators ; Dental Occlusion* ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Stents

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship among self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement and predictor of the self-achievements in elders. METHODS: A total of 294 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from May to June, 2008. Collected data were analysed by the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. RESULTS: Self-management, economic stability, self-esteem, self-achievement were positively correlated. The most significant predictor of self-achievement in elders were self-management and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that self-achievement is influenced by self-management and self-esteem and needed for aged well.
Self Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We report a case of ureteral migration of a surgical clip after partial nephrectomy in which the clip was misdiagnosed as a ureteral stone. A 37-year-old woman had undergone laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of right renal cell carcinoma at another hospital 2 years previously. Postoperatively, she had gradually acquired lower urinary tract symptoms. Then, she complained of sudden right flank pain for a week. A plain X-ray and enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography scan were performed. A 0.5 cmx1.0 cm right upper ureteral opacity with borderline hydronephrosis was seen but could not be found on the X-ray. Ureteroscopy revealed a medium-sized Hem-o-Lok clip on the right upper ureter that was removed with a stone basket. We concluded that a Hem-o-Lok clip used for collecting system sealing had migrated to the ureter and had been misdiagnosed as a ureteral stone on a computed tomography scan.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteroscopy

No abstract available.
Esophageal Achalasia*

No abstract available.
Paget's Disease, Mammary*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the personality type, problematic drinking pattern, and stress coping style of the nasal bone fracture patients by comparing those with general fracture patients. METHODS: 50 nasal bone fracture patients due to violence and 50 general fracture patients due to simple trauma, such as fall and traffic accident were conveniently selected. RESULTS: The study results showed that nasal bone fracture patients due to violence significantly presented higher level of A type personality and more problematic drinking pattern than general fracture patients due to simple trauma. Stress coping style, however, did not show significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: In order to prepare prevention strategies for basal bone fracture in the future, health education alter problematic drinking habit to sound drinking pattern may be offered and provided nursing interventions tailored to A type personality.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Drinking ; Fractures, Bone ; Health Education ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Type A Personality ; Violence