It has been known that proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) can be developed by various intraocular diseases. Among them, the intravitreal hemorrhage would be accounted one of the causative disorders of PVR. An experimental study of the rabbit retina following intravitreal injection of auto blood was performed in order to investigate of development processes and nature of cellular alterations in PVR. The results were as follows: 1. Macrophages containing several dense bodies appeared near the inner limiting membrane of the retina and many floating red blood cells were present in the vitreous cavity on 3 days after intravitreal injection of blood. 2. One week after intravitreal injection of blood, the Miiller cells extended to the vitreous penetrating the inner limiting membrane. Many macrophages were observed between the Miiller cell processes. 3. Preretinal proliferative tissue were differentiated to the multilayered Miiller cell processes with the cellular characteristics containing glycogen granules, SER and junctional complexes in 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of blood. In these states macrophages between the Miiller cell processes had were completely disappeared. 4. It was considered that Miiller cells extend to the vitreous penetrating the inner limiting membrane in order to phagocytose the red blood cells in the vitreous which lead to processes resulting in formation of PVR.
Erythrocytes ; Glycogen ; Hemorrhage* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macrophages ; Membranes* ; Retina

Highly specific and sensitive immunoassay method for soluble human recombinant interleukin-6 (hu rlL-6) was established by two different immunization methods. One is conventional method by Freund's adjuvant method and the other is special method which is directly injected to mouse spleen. Among seven established monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), two typical monoclonal antibodies, designated YB3 (IgG1) and NY2 (IgM), were further characterized. These mAbs highly bound to IL-6, however did not show cross reactivity with IL-1B and IL-2. As the results of ELISA inhibition assay and western blotting method, it was further identified that YB3 and NY2 had high binding specificity with IL-6. And the limiting detection amount of rlL-6 for YB3 was 5 ng/ml and for NY2 was 0.5 ng/ml. Furthermore, N-glycosylated human rlL-6 was also bound to YB3 on ELISA. On the other hand YB-3 furtherly recognized N-glycosylated human rlL-6 by sandwich ELISA method. These mAbs may be of use to diagnose the gynecopathy which contains abortion and preterm labor.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

BACKGROUND: Influenza transmission in households a subject of renewed interest especially in pandemic situation. We performed this study to investigate the laboratory-confirmatory rate in household contacts with index cases of pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For three months from 1 September and 29 November 2009, people who had a history of close contact with confirmed cases of pandemic influenza (index case) were recruited. The information on the study participants was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Presence of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) infection was confirmed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: A total of 113 index cases and 141 household contacts were investigated. One hundred and four index cases (92.0%) were younger than 20 years. The median age of household contacts was 40 years. Twenty eight household contacts (19.8%) had acute respiratory illness (ARI). Overall, 10.6% of enrolled household contacts were positive in RT-PCR for pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009). The positive rate of household contacts with ARI was 25.0% and it was 7.1% in household contacts without ARI. The positive rate was significantly higher in children and young adults under 30 years (28.3%) compared with that in household contacts older than 30 years (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: This results showed a significant role of mild symptomatic or asymptomatic pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) patients as a virus carriers in households.
Child ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viruses ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, lesion sites and characteristics of MR findings in patients with mild head injury and the relationship between MR findings and the postconcussion syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study involved 26 patients with mild head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale, 13 to 15 ; no subsequent deterioration ; loss ofconsciousness < 30 minutes). Prospective CT and MR Imaging was performed and the prevalence rate of abnormalities, sites and characteristics of lesions were evaluated, as well as the relationship between MR findings and the postconcussion syndrome. RESULTS: In 17 of 26 patients(65%) there were abnormal findings on MR, and in 8 of the 26(31%), abnormal findings were seen on CT. Abnormalities consisted of cerebral contusion in nine patients, diffuse axonal injury in six and small thin extracerebral hematomas in nine. MR is more sensitive than CT, especially when the lesion is non-hemorrhagic and is closer to the cranial vault. In 16 patients who wereclinically followed up, the prevalence rate of postconcussion syndrome was higher in those with abnormal MR than in those with normal MRI. CONCLUSION: The greater sensitivity of MR makes it a better indicator than CT for the presence and extent of injuries and thus potentially a better predictor of outcome, even in patients with mildhead injuries. Positive MR findings are an objective predictors for the evaluation of patients with postconcussion syndrome after mild head injury.
Axons ; Coma ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies

OBJETIVE: To elucidate 1) whether there are any differences in the urine concentrations of steroid hormone metabolites between patients with leiomyoma and normal controls 2) the correlation between urinary profiles of steroid hormones and leiomyomas of the uterus according to their type, location, volume, and weight. MATERIALS OF METHODS: The study population consisted of 37 premenopausal patients with uterine leiomyoma and the control group consisted of 25 premenopausal normal volunteer women without uterine leiomyoma. Confirmation of the existence of uterine leiomyoma was done by ultrasonography and histopathological examination after surgery. The volume of the leiomyoma was estimated by trans-abdominal and/or trans-vaginal ultrasonography. The Leiomyomas were divided into 3 types (subserosal, intramural and submucosal). Seventeen patients had subserosal type of leiomyoma, 10 with the intramural type and 10 with the submucosal type. The locations of the leiomyoma were also divided into 3 groups (fundus, body and isthmus). Seventeen patients showed a fundus location, 10 in body, and 10 in isthmus. We compared urinary profiles of the endogenous steroids between patients with leiomyomas and normal controls, and also investigated the relationship between urinary profiles of the endogenous steroids and leiomyomas according to their type, location, volume and weight by using highly sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) system. RESULTS: The mean ages of the patients with leiomyomas and the control group were 43.1+/-5.6 and 40.6+/-7.2 years, the weights were 63.4+/-7.3 and 59.4+/-8.1 kg, and their heights were 155.4+/-4.8 and 159.3+/-4.8 cm respectively. Seventeen patients had subserosal, 10 had intramural, and 10 had submucosal leiomyomas. There were 17 patients with leiomyoma located in fundus, 10 in body and 10 in isthmus. 17beta-estradiol, 5-AT, 11-keto ET, 11beta-hydroxy An, 11beta-hydroxy Et, THS, THA, THE, alpha-cortolone, alpha-cortol, beta-cortol, 11beta-OH Et/11beta-OH An and E2/E1 were significantly increased in patients with leiomyoma than in the control group. 17beta-estradiol was significantly increased in the intramural and the submucosal types than in the subserosal type. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of urinary steroids according to the locations of leiomyomas. There was no significant relationship between the concentration of urinary steroids and the volume of the leiomyomas. 17beta-estradiol significantly decreased as the weight of uterus increased (r=-0.322, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The concentrations of steroid hormone metabolites were generally increased in patients with leiomyoma but were not significantly related to the volume and weight of the leiomyomas. Our study suggests that steroid hormones may be involved in the initiation of leiomyomas but may not be involved in their progression. In addition, the concentrations of steroid hormone metabolites are not related to the leiomyoma type and location.
Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Steroids ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlations between central corneal thickness (CCT) and optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters determined by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) and visual field (VF) global indices. METHODS: The present study included 151 eyes diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and 135 glaucoma suspect (GS) eyes. The CCT, RNFL thickness, optic disc parameters, and VF global indices were measured. The relationships between CCT and RNFL thickness, optic disc parameters, and VF global indices were assessed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP, p < 0.001) and VF mean deviation (p = 0.005) in all participants, age (p = 0.017) and IOP (p = 0.003) in the GS group, and IOP (p = 0.002) and inferior RNFL thickness (p = 0.017) in the OAG group were significantly associated with CCT. Among the optic disc parameters, rim area, average cup/disc ratio, and vertical cup/disc ratio were significantly associated with CCT in all participants in the univariate but not multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Optic disc parameters obtained by SD OCT were not correlated with CCT in the OAG or GS group, while RNFL thickness and VF mean deviation showed associations.
Eye ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Linear Models ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Pain on injection of rocuronium is a common clinical problem. We compared the efficacy of lidocaine, ketorolac, and the 2 in combination as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement. METHODS: For this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study a total of 140 patients were randomly allocated to one of 4 treatment groups to receive intravenously placebo (saline), lidocaine (20 mg), ketorolac (10 mg), or both (n = 35 for each group), with venous occlusion. The tourniquet was released after 2 min and anesthesia was performed using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium followed by 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium. The withdrawal response was graded on a 4-point scale in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: The overall incidence of withdrawal movements after rocuronium was 34.3% with lidocaine (P = 0.001), 40% with ketorolac (P = 0.004), and 8.6% with both (P < 0.001), compared with 74.3% with placebo. There was a significantly lower incidence of withdrawal movements in patients receiving the lidocaine/ketorolac combination than in those receiving lidocaine or ketorolac alone (P = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively). The incidence of moderate to severe withdrawal movements was 14.3% with lidocaine, 17.2% with ketorolac, and 2.9% with lidocaine/ketorolac combination, as compared to 45.7% with the placebo. There was no significant difference in withdrawal movement between the lidocaine group and the ketorolac group. CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac pretreatment had an effect comparable to that of lidocaine in attenuating rocuronium-induced withdrawal movements and the lidocaine/ketorolac combination pretreatment, compared with lidocaine or ketorolac alone, effectively reduced withdrawal movements during rocuronium injection.
Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketorolac ; Lidocaine ; Prospective Studies ; Thiopental ; Tourniquets

We experienced a case, which showed the sudden drop of arterial oxygen saturation and capnographic score in a femur surgery patient under general anesthesia. We installed a transesophageal echocardiography probe in the patient and detected free-floating emboli in the right atrium, enlargement of the right atrium and the right ventricle, and global hypokinesia of the right ventricle. Because the patient's vital sign was so unstable, emergent cardiac and pulmonary embolectomy was performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any neurologic sequale. We concluded that transesophageal echocardiography was a useful device for the diagnosis of intraoperative massive pulmonary thromboembolism.
Anesthesia, General ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Embolectomy ; Femur ; Heart Atria ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: Minimally invasive management of small renal tumors has become more common. We compared the results of partial nephrectomy by video-assisted minilaparotomy surgery (VAMS), open, and laparoscopic techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively compared clinicopathological, oncological, and functional outcomes in 271 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors at one institution from 1993 to 2007; including 138 by VAMS, 102 by open, and 31 by laparoscopic technique. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 47.7+/-29.1 months. No statistically significant differences in the three groups were found in tumor size, tumor location, estimated blood loss, complication rate, preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and GFR at last follow-up. Ischemic time was shorter in the open (26.9 min) and VAMS (29.3 min) groups than in the laparoscopic group (31.0 min, p=0.021). Time to normal diet and hospital stay were shorter in the VAMS (1.8 days and 5.4 days) and laparoscopic (1.8 days and 4.7 days) groups than in the open group (2.4 days and 7.3 days, p=0.036 and p<0.001, respectively). Of 180 patients with cancer, positive surgical margins occurred in 2 of 82 patients (2.4%) in the VAMS group, none of 75 patients in the open group, and 3 of 23 patients (13.0%) in the laparoscopic group (p=0.084). In the VAMS, open, and laparoscopic groups, 5-year disease-free survival was 94.8%, 95.8%, and 90.3% (p=0.485), and 5-year cancer-specific survival was 96.3%, 98.6%, and 100%, respectively (p=0.452). CONCLUSION: Partial nephrectomy using VAMS technique provides surgical, oncologic, and functional outcomes similar to open and laparoscopic techniques.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality/*surgery ; Laparoscopy/instrumentation/*methods ; Laparotomy/instrumentation/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy/instrumentation/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Video-Assisted Surgery/instrumentation/*methods

Anterior diastemas are common esthetic problems. One of the challenges in clinical esthetic dentistry is closing anterior diastemas without creating “black triangles” between the teeth. The success of a restorative treatment in anterior teeth depends on the esthetic integration between soft tissues and hard tissues. This report describes the successfully accomplished diastema closure case by producing the emergence profile with natural contours at the gingival-tooth interface and then generating of gingival recontouring process.
Dentistry ; Diastema* ; Tooth