PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

Bowens disease is generally regarded as a premalignant dermatosis. If untreated, 3% to 5% of patients may develop squamous cell carcinoma. However, sebaciou carcinoma arising from Bowens disease is very rare. We presented a case of quarnous cell carcinoma and sebaceous circ s disease in a 68 year-old male. He had multiple bowenoid skin lesi nsties. A bean-sized nodule as developed on the bowenoid lesion of the he had a large yellow crust.ed exudative tumor on the Rt. thigh. We took a biopsy specimen of these three discrete lesions. The nu lipid stain of frozen section revealed Bowens disease, squarnous concllnoma arising from Bowen on the trunk and extremi Rt. lower abdomen. Almost of routine histology and carcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, respectively.
Abdomen ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Thigh

No abstract available.
Orchiectomy* ; Testis*

An occasional patient has both a pressing need for visualization of the biliary system in spite of a past history of reaction to iodinated contrast media. We report a patient, who had reacted adversely to contrast media, underwent ERCP using barium sulfate in order to opacify the biliary and pancreatic duct without side effect successfully. In conclusion, ERCP using barium sulfate as a contrast material is of value in patients who are intolerant of the iodinated contrast media.
Barium Sulfate* ; Barium* ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Pancreatic Ducts

Previous observations have demonstrated that fibronectia (FN) is deposited high abundance in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) stroma. Since FN is a glycoprotein which promotes interaction between cells and extracellular matrix, it may been important component of slowly expansile carcinoma such as BCC. Furthermore, BCCs aggressiveness varies with it's histologic appearance. The authors investigated distribution of plasma FN (pFN) in 8 BCC cases with various histologic types (3 nodulocystic type, 2 infiltrative type, 2 keracotic type, 1 adenoid type) and 4 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), which have a more aggrcisive biologic behavior than BCC using immunohistochemical staining. In normal skin, pFN was strongly positive at the clenzoepidermal junction and perivascular area with a linear pattern, and in the papillary dermis with a reticular pattern, and was weakly positive in the reticular dermis. In BCC, pFN was strongly positive in nodulocystic BCC, with the highest concentration along the periphery of the tumor island in a filamentous pattern, .hereas, it was moderately positive in adenoid, keratotic, infiltrative BCC stroma. In SCC, pFN was weakly positive around tumor the margins with a thin, coarse deposition These results show that with epidermal tumors, the degree of the pFN expression in stroma is propotional to their aggressiveness.
Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibronectins* ; Glycoproteins ; Plasma* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Bronchogenic Cyst*

35 neurogenic tumors of the thorax were analyzed with plain film and CT scan. Radiological analysis emphasizedshape, location calcification, bone change, pleural change in plain film and calcification, cystic change, bonechange, pleural change, presence of contrast enhancement in CT scan. The results were as follows; 1. Age may bethe most important clinical factor for differential diagnosis. 2. Plain film findings(35 cases); 1) The mostcommon shape in the ganglion series tumor (ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma), was elongation(80%) and these tumors generally had tapered borders(50%). In contrast with those of the genglion series, nervesheath tumors(schwannoma, neurofibroma, malignant Schwannoma) showed a definite tendency to be roudn (95%) and thesulcus effect was more frequetnly seen(67.5%). Most of the masses were smooth. The lobulated masses were commonlymalignant ganglion series tumors. 2) Though overall incidence of calcification was low(8.6%), it was observed morefrequently in ganglion series tumors(20%). 3) Associated bony abnormality were generally observed in large tumorsabove 5cm in long axis, especially in neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. 4) Tumors showed pleural effusionwere all malignant. 3. CT findings (17 cases); 1) The overall incidence of cystic change of the mass was 23.6%. Itwas most common in Schwannoma(60%). 2) The contrast enhancement was noted in 64.7%. It's degree was variable andshowed no predilection to any specific tumors. 3) The incidence of calcification, associated bony abnormality andpleural effusion were similiar to plain film. Confident specific diagnosis can be made in most of the neurogenictumors of the thorax by shape of the mass in plain film and internal architecture in CT combined with patient'sage as clinical information.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ganglioneuroblastoma ; Incidence ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurofibroma ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify factors that influence sexual permissiveness. A comprehensive analysis of individual, family, and social factors related to sexual permissiveness in adolescents was done. METHOD: A descriptive research design was used to explore causal relationships in sexual permissiveness between high school students. RESULT: The findings of this study are as follows. 1) For individual factors, self-respect, seeking social deviation and seeking internal experience were confirmed as factors influencing sexual permissiveness. 2) For the family factors, the mother-adolescent communication aspect was confirmed as a factor. 3) For the social environment factors, adaptability to school life was confirmed as a factor. CONCLUSION: On a theoretical basis, this study identifies factors influencing sexual permissiveness in adolescents, and thus contributes to the definition of a desirable sexual culture for young people. Therefore, it is suggested that programs be developed that control the corroborated factors and that further studies be conducted to validate the factors.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Permissiveness* ; Research Design ; Social Environment

The majority of cystic lesions of the pancreas are psudocysts and a small fraction neoplastic. Failure to recognize the true nature of neoplastic cyst will lead to an incorrct treatment strategy. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and angiography were used to distingish these lesions, but diagnostic value of ERCP is in controversy. To evaluate the diagnostic value of ERCP in cystic lesions of the pancreas, we analysed 33 cases of pancreatic cystic lesions (pseudocyst 18 cases, retention cyst 3 cases and cystic, neoplasm l2 cases) between Apr. 1985 and June 1993. In 18 cases of pseudocysts, ERP findings were communication with cyst in 8 cases (44.4%), chronic pancreatitis in 8 cases (44.4%), obstruction in 4 cases (22.2%) and displscement of pancreatic duct in 2 cases (11.1%), and ERC findings, which were perfomed in 8 cases, showed cholangitis in 3 cases (37.5%), CBD stone in 2 cases (25%), mass effect in 1 case (12.5%) and normal in 2 cases (25%). There was no communication with the cyst and pancreatic duct, except two mucinous ductal ectasia, in 12 cases of cystic neoplasms, and the other findings were displacement of pancreatic duct in 4 cases (33.3%), obstruction in 2 cases (16.7%) and normal in 4 cases (33.3%). ERC findings of cystic neoplasm were almost normal (85.7%) except 1 case of cholangitis. In conclusion, ERCP findings of pseudocysts were communication with pancreatic duct, chronic pancreatitis and biliary tract abnormality. In contrast, ERCP findings of cystic neoplasms were displacement or obstruction of pancreatic duct without communication and chronic pancreatitis, and biliary tract abnormality were rare.
Angiography ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Cholangitis ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Mucins ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Cyst* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Ultrasonography