The etiologic impacts in primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Koreans seem different from those in other countries with its high incidence and close association of hepatitis B virus infection and liver cirrhosis. A series of 35 lobectomy specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined by means of electron microscopy to elucidate the general ultrastructural characteristics and to understand the morphogenesis of various histological growth patterns and cytologic features of HCC. 1) General cytological details of HCC were similar to those of non-neoplastic hepatocytes, but characterized by scantiness of subcellular organelles. Degree of cellular differentiation was not correlated with ultrastructural features of HCC. 2) Acinar pattern of HCC seemed to develop by either dilatation of central bile canaliculus or central cystic degeneration of microtrabecular growth, and clear cell group of HCC was expressed in abundance of glycogen particles and lipid droplets. 3) Intranuclear inclusions of HCC proved to be cytoplasmic herniations of tumor cells, and intracytoplasmic tubular arrays appeared to originate from the endoplasmic reticulum. 4) Hyaline globules seen in HCC corresponded to clumps of microfilamentous structures similar or identical to Mallory's hyalin.
Humans ; Incidence ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

The enhancing potential of anatoxin a (AFB1) and D-galactosamine (DGA) on development of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P+) hepatic foci was examined using an in vivo mid-term assay system based on two-stage concept of hepatocarci-nogenesis. Rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) intraperi-toneally, and thereafter. with an interval of 2 weeks, AFBl at a graded concentration (0.06, 0.012, 0.0024, 0.00048, and 0.000096 mg/kg i.g.) and DGA (100 mg/kg i.p.) were administered for 6 weeks and then sacrificed. All rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce a potent growth stimulus to DEN-altered hepatocytes at the week 3. The modifying potential was scored by comparing the number and the area (mm2) per cm2 of GST-P+ foci in the liver with those of the corresponding control group given DEN alone. AFBl (at a graded concentration between 96 ng/kg and 60 microgram/kg) exerted a strong promoting effect oil induction of GST-P+ foci with both the number and the area. The logarithmic dose of AFBl and the potency to promote hepatocarcinogenesis were in dose-dependent relationship. DGA, a known necrogenic chemical to cause periportal necrosis and stimulate hepatocellular proliferation. also revealed the increase in the area of GST-P+ foci. although its enhancing potentia1 was 1ess profound than that of AFBl. The results suggest that DGA is also a useful proliferative stimulus m improve the medium-termdetection of unknown carcinogens.
Rats ; Animals

This report deals with three cases of accessory hepatic nodules incidentally noted during operation. Two of them were found on the serosal surface of the gallbladder with no connection to the main body of the liver. The other case was in the greater omentum. All three cases were small oval shaped, measuring less than 1 cm in maximum dimension and were composed of histologically normal hepatic tissue and seemed to receive blood supply from the adjacent tissue through the capsular blood vessels. Presence of the fairly well retained intralobular mesenchymal component may reflect that accessory hepatic nodules develop after conjugation of hepatic diverticulum and septum transversum.

No abstract available.
Forehead*

No abstract available.
Forehead*

Fractures of the femur are one of the most frequent injuris which Orthopedic Surgeons are called upon to treat. The incidence of femoral fractures has risen by the results of rapid increase in traffic accident, industrial accident, and prolongation of life expectancy in adults. Two hundred and ninty eight consecutive femur fractures were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University, during the period of May 1972 to September 1977 were reviewed. The results were as follows; 1. The fractures occured commonly in the 6 to 10 years age group (46.1%) in children and in the 21 to 40 years age group (48.2%) in adults. Males comprised 217 cases (71.1%). 2. Fractures were caused by traffic accident (72.2%) mainly and especially in old aged fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanter were caused by fell down from a height. 3. Closed fractures were 258 cases (84.7%) and transversefractures were the most common type in, children, and comminuted fractures were the most common type in adults. 4. The freguent fracture site was transcervical fracture of femoral neck, type 3.4 (by Tronzo) of the. intertrochanteric fracture and middle third of femoral shaft. There were no differences between medial and lateral femoral condyle fractures. 5. Associated injuries were common in young adults in 165 cases and in order of frequency, these were fractures of the tibia and fibula, pubics, skulls, patella and ribs etc. 6. Better results were obtained with conservative treatment in children and operative treatment in adults. 7. The period of bony union in children was 7.6 weeks with Bryants traction 9.3 weeks with Russel traction, 8.6 weeks with cast immobilization, 10 weeks with 90-90 skeletal traction and 10.8 weeks with Bohler-braun skeletal traction. 8. The period of bony union in adults was 17 weeks with Kuntscher nail, 13.6 weeks with compression plate and screw fixation, 18 weeks with Bohler-braun skeletal traction and 19weeks with cast brace in femoral shaft fracture. 9. Complications were much more frequent in adults than in children and it were treated well Postoperative infection was occured in 5 cases (1.7%) and they cured well with sequestrectomy, curettage and continuous antibiotics administration. 10. The Bryants traction under 2 years of age, 90-90 skeletal traction over 5 years of age in children and compression plate and screw fixation in adults were further recommended.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Braces ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Curettage ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Fibula ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Life Support Care ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Ribs ; Skull ; Surgeons ; Tibia ; Traction ; Young Adult

The influences of adrenal corticosteroid on the development and regression of neurons of dentate and hippocampus were studied by adrenalectomy and steroid overload in neonatal rats. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cell death occurred naturally in numerous dentate granule cells and hippocampal pyramidal cells. 2. The number of dentate granule cells undergoing cell death decreased by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but increased in adrenalectomized rat brains. The changes occurred prominently at postnatal day 6. 3. The number of hippocampal pyramidal cells undergoing cell death decreased in CA3 region by injection of adrenal corticosteroid, but was not changed in adrenalectomized rat brains. However, other regions exhibited no change by adrenal corticosteroid and adrenalectomy. 4. The cell death of pyramidal cells of CA3 region occurred in close relationship with the cell death of dentate granule cells, which was different from other CA regions. In summary, the cell death of dentate and hippocampal neurons occurred naturally but seemed to be influenced by other factors as well as adrenal corticosteroid.
Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Hippocampus* ; Neurons* ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats*

Anomalous orignin of the left Coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is very rare, and being alleviatedsurgically, recognition of the lesion and associated hemodynamics is important. Authors had experenced a case ofthe anomalous orgin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.
Coronary Vessels ; Hemodynamics ; Pulmonary Artery

Fifty four patients who received closed hemorrhoidectomy were randomized into two parallel groups and treated with Venitol(R)(a micronized flavonoidic fraction containing diosmin 450 mg and hesperidin 50 mg) (group 1) or placebo (group 2). Venitol(R) was administered at the dosage of three toblets b.i.d. the first four days and two tablets b.i.d following three days. Postoperative analgesia and laxative prescription as well as hospital stay were same in two groups. Though there is no difference of symptoms at D1, improvement of symptoms of complications was greater in group 1 than in group 2 at D18. The clinical severity of postoperative spot-bleeding, pain and anal discharge diminished in both groups but to a greater extent in group 1 (P<0.005). There was no side-effects in using Venitol(R). In summary, Venitol(R) is effective in reducing complications after hemorrhoidectomy.
Analgesia ; Diosmin ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hesperidin ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Prescriptions ; Prospective Studies* ; Tablets

The 5 cases of human fetal liver aged from 11 to 23 weeks of gestation were investigated for the ultrastructure of sinusoidal wall by electron microscopy. The endothelial cells deficient in basement membrane formed almost all the part of sinusoidal wall. The cells were continued with neighboring cells by intercellular junction, and overlapped them and exhibited to maintain unfenestrated capillary wall, which was different from those with fenestra in adults. The cells were found to have coated pits on luminal side and several various vesicles in the cytoplasms. The cells were related with transcellular migration of reticulocytes and acidophilic erythroblastes, which penetrated into the endothelial cytoplasm to form transient migrating pore closing after the migration into sinusoidal lumen. The perivascular cells were present at perivascular space and surrounding the sinusoid discontinuously. The Kupffer cells were easily identified with filipodia and lamellipodia and with phagosome of nuclei enucleated from acidophilic erythroblasts.
Adult ; Basement Membrane ; Capillaries ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells* ; Erythroblasts ; Erythrocytes ; Humans* ; Intercellular Junctions ; Kupffer Cells* ; Liver* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Phagosomes ; Phenobarbital ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopodia ; Reticulocytes