No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Eating* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Rats* ; Water*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Colloids* ; Mice*

The intramedullary nailing is one of the most available method in treatment of femoral shaft fracture. Since the development of Kuntscher naukl in 1940, new design such as Grosse-Kempf IM nailing became widely used by more applicable level of femoral shaft fracture. Therefore, complications of intramedullary nailing was rarely seen. The authors analysed complications in 7 cases of intramedullary nailing for treatment of femoral shaft fracture in Koryo General Hospital from Jan. 1991 to Jan. 1993., and the results were as follows; 1. The average age was 40.5 years and all patient's sex were male. 2. Among 7 cases, complications were delayed union in 4 cases, metallic failure in 2 cases and femoral neck fracture in 1 case. 3. Among 4 cases of delayed union, 3 cases treated by weight-bearing after dynamization and 1 case treated by bone graft after dynamization. 4. Metallic failure occurred in 2 cases, 1 case developed metallic corrosion in medullary canal, the other case developed metal failure at fracture. 5. Fomoral neck fracture in 1 case was treated by multiple Knowles' pins.
Corrosion ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Neck ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing

A number of studies have documented the reasonable efficacy and safety of radial keratotomy, but most based upon results obtained in low or moderate myopia or short term follow up after surgery. We complied 5 year and longer follow up data on 91 consecutive radial keratotomy surgeries on high myopia (over -6.00 diopters) performed by one surgeon 5 year-follow up was obtained on 21 (23%) of these eyes. The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -11.02 diopters (D), the average keratometry value was 44.40 D, and all of the eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.04 or less. The average change in spherical equivalent was 3.44 D for eyes examined at 1 year, compared with 3.05 D for eyes at 3 years and 2.87 D at 5 years after surgery. Average keratometry value were 42.30 D at 1 year, 41.60 D at 3 years, and 41.30 D at 5 years after surgery. In our study, the decrease in spherical equivalent of 0.57 D was statistically significant (P < 0.05), as was the reduction in average keratometry value of 1.00 D. The effect of the surgery on spherical equivalent continued to regress through all the 5 years of follow up. However, the keratometric measurement decreased up to 5 years which indicated progressive flattening of the cornea. Also we divided these eyes into 2 groups, lower-myopic group (-6.00 D~-9.75 D) and higher-myopic group (over -10.00 D). In each category, the changes in spherical equivalent were 3.60 D, 2.21 D at 5 years, compared with 3.65 D, 3.25 D at 1 year respectively. The efficacy of radial keratotomy was lower, and the change of spherical equivalent between 1 year and 5 years was larger in the higher-myopic group than in the lower-myopic group. The results show that both radial keratotomy effectiveness and long term stability decrease in higher myopic cases.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cornea/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; *Keratotomy, Radial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

A number of studies have documented the reasonable efficacy and safety of radial keratotomy, but most based upon results obtained in low or moderate myopia or short term follow up after surgery. We complied 5 year and longer follow up data on 91 consecutive radial keratotomy surgeries on high myopia (over -6.00 diopters) performed by one surgeon 5 year-follow up was obtained on 21 (23%) of these eyes. The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -11.02 diopters (D), the average keratometry value was 44.40 D, and all of the eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.04 or less. The average change in spherical equivalent was 3.44 D for eyes examined at 1 year, compared with 3.05 D for eyes at 3 years and 2.87 D at 5 years after surgery. Average keratometry value were 42.30 D at 1 year, 41.60 D at 3 years, and 41.30 D at 5 years after surgery. In our study, the decrease in spherical equivalent of 0.57 D was statistically significant (P < 0.05), as was the reduction in average keratometry value of 1.00 D. The effect of the surgery on spherical equivalent continued to regress through all the 5 years of follow up. However, the keratometric measurement decreased up to 5 years which indicated progressive flattening of the cornea. Also we divided these eyes into 2 groups, lower-myopic group (-6.00 D~-9.75 D) and higher-myopic group (over -10.00 D). In each category, the changes in spherical equivalent were 3.60 D, 2.21 D at 5 years, compared with 3.65 D, 3.25 D at 1 year respectively. The efficacy of radial keratotomy was lower, and the change of spherical equivalent between 1 year and 5 years was larger in the higher-myopic group than in the lower-myopic group. The results show that both radial keratotomy effectiveness and long term stability decrease in higher myopic cases.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cornea/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; *Keratotomy, Radial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/*surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

To evaluate the effect of tibial cut with posterior slope in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) surgery on the flexion of the knee, 41 knees(32 patients) with varying degree of the posterior slope were retrospectively reviewed at more than 1 year after operation. Does sloping the tibial cut iurface rnore posteriorly promote increasing of maximal flexion of the knee by elimination of excessive tenaion of the posterior cruciate liga ment The degree of the posterior slope was radiographically measured, awi the change of the degree of the maximal flexion between preoperative and postoperative period was clinimlly measured with a goniometer at the latest follow up more than 1 year after operation. Comparison of the results demonstrated significantly larger degree of rqaximal flexion for the knees that had tibial cut with the degree of the posterior slope, 5 degrees or rnore (p<0.05). We concluded that 5 degrees or more posterior slope in proxirnal tibial cut is one of the important fact()r which could achieve increased flexion of the knee after TKA operation.
Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: A prolonged administration of etoposide increases its effectiveness on the suggestion that pralonged maintenance of low levels is an important factor in determining its activity. Many studies have been tried to define the efficacy of combination of oral etoposide with other chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, and ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and toxicities of combination chemotherapy of oral etoposide with intravenous cisplatin and ifosfamide in advanced NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with inoperable NSCLC who had measurable diseases and had not been treated with chemotherapeutic drug, were enrolled in this study (from May 1995 to April 1998). Treatment consisted of intravenous cisplatin (20 mg/m(2)/day, Day 1-3) and ifosfamide (1,800 mg/m(2)/day, Days 1-3) with Mesna (1,100 mg/m(2)/day, Days 1-3), and oral etoposide (50 mg/m(2)/day, Days 4-17). This treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Patients showing stable disease or a better response were continued on treatment with the range of one to nine cycles (medium: 3 cycles). All patients were evaluated for the response, survival, and toxicity of this combination chemotherapy. RESULTS: Eleven patients showed either complete responses [CR, 3 (9%)] or partial responses [PR, 8 (24%)]. The median number of treatment cycles were 5 (range, 3-9) for responders and 2 (range, 1-7) for non-responders. The responders had median response duration of 10 months and the overall survival of 12 months. The overall survival of responders were longer than that of non-responders (median 19 vs 5 months, p 0.0232). The toxicities of this treatment were tolerable without treatment related death. Limiting toxicities were myelosuppression and oral mucbsities, Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and oral mucosities were observed in 34% and 9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and oral etoposide produced encouraging response rates and median survival duration in patients with response. Further study of this combination is warranted in comparison with standard cisplatin+etoposide regimen or intravenous etoposide, cisplatin and ifosfamide regimen.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Leukopenia ; Mesna ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional(3D) Fourier transform(FT) gradient refocused acquisition in steady state(GRASS) technique for MR imaging of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Sixty-three kneesin 61 patients were imaged on the 1.5T MR system. We compared 3DFT GRASS technique with 2D spin echo(SE) techniquein terms of conspicuousness of the lesions of internal knee structures based on the results of arthroscopy or open surgery. As a SE technique, sagittal T1-and T2-weighted, and coronal fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences were performed. Sixty contiguous axial scans with 0.7 or 1mm section thickness were performed using 3D GRASS technique, and we also evaluated arbitrarily reformatted images produced from the original axial voxel images. RESULTS: For the depiction of the tear, 3DFT GRASS was superior to 2D SE in three cases of medial meniscus, one of later almeniscus, and two of anterior cruciate ligament. Specificity of 3D GRASS was also higher than that af 2D SE inevaluation of lateral meniscus and anterior cruiciate ligament. There was no significant difference in MR diagnosis for tears of the posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments. 3D GRASS was superior in evaluating the extent and morphology of the torn menisci. CONCLUSION: The 3DFT GRASS technique was comparable or even superior to the 2D SE technique in the evaluation of the internal structure of the knee, andcan be expected to supplement standard MR knee techniques, especially in complicated cases of meniscal orligamentous tears.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Fourier Analysis* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Poaceae* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the incidence and severity of venous irriation in patients receiving vinorelbine tartrate (Navelbine ) in combination chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty four patients histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study who receiving vinorelbine in combination chemotherapy through a peripheral vein from Oct. 1997 to Mar. 1999 with retrospective study design method. One group was 6~10 minutes infusion rate, the other was 10~20 minutes infusion rate with the same free-flow intravenous infusion. RESULTS: A total of 126 infusions were observed in this study. Sixty-two infusions were admi nistered at the 6~10 minutes, and 64 infusions were administered at the 10~20 minutes. The incidence of any venous irritation was 3.2% (2/62) in the group that received the infusion in 6~10 minutes and 10.9% (7/64) in 10~20 minutes (p=0.164), so we could not acquire any statistical significance. However the incidence of severe venous irritation (grade 3, 4) was 0% (0/62) in 6~10 minutes infusion group and 9.4% (6/64) in 10~20 minutes infusion group. There was a significant difference between two groups (p=0.028) CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that venous irritation associated with vinorelbine tartrate infusion can be reduced by shorter duration of administration and vinorelbine tartrate might be recom mended to administer at 6~10 minutes infusion in clinical practice.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins