To evaluate the clinical and histopathological significance of electron dense deposits on capillary in IgA nephropathy, we reviewed and compared the clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of the patients with IgA nephropathy without loop extension of electron dense deposits(Group I, 91 cases) and IgA nephropathy with loop extension(Group II, 17cases) by ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscope. IgA nephropathy associated with liver disease, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus and the other IgA nephropathies associated with systemic diseases were excluded. The results were as follows; 1) There was no significant difference in age distribution. 2) Generalized edema was more common in group II. 3) Nephrotic ranged proteinuria(>3 g/24hr urine) was more prominent in Group II(52.9%) than Group I(8.8%). 4) Among the groups, segmental or mild deposits on the loops were noted in 13 cases, and severe and generalized deposits in 4 cases. Subendothelial deposits were noted in 6 cases, subepithelial deposits in 3 cases, subendothelial with intramembranous deposits in 1 case, subendothelial with subepithelial deposits in 1 case, intramembranous with subepithelial deposits in 2 cases, and subendothelial, subepithelial and intramembranous deposits in 4 cases. 5) The other associated ultrastructural changes of group II were diffuse effacement of foot processes with microvillous transformation, swelling or vacuolar degeneration of podocytes and glomerular endothelium. 6) According to the WHO morphologic criteria, the grade of Group II was significantly higher than Group I. From the above results, it can be concluded that the extension of electron dense deposits along the capillary loops in the cases of IgA nephropathy is highly correlated with proteinuria in the nephrotic ranged. It seems to be a poor prognostic indicator in view of the facts that it correlats with high histopathologic grading.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography*

Traumatic dislocation of the knee joint occurs very infrequently, but is one of the true emergencies in the orthopedic field. It is a serious injury, associated with extensive soft tissue demage and the danger of neurological and vascular involvement. There is a lot of theories about the mechanism of injury, the treatment and the incidence of complications. Generally they accept that in irreducible cases operative reduction is essential, but there is no uniformity of opinion on the treatment of the uncomplicated cases. This paper is based on 7 traumatic knee dislocations treated at Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym College during the period from January 1980 till December 1984. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The patients are mostly injured due to the traffic accident and show even age distribution from twenties to fifties. 2. 5 cases out of 7, reduced at our hospital, were all anteriorly dislocated. 3. The posterior capsule and the posterior cruciate ligament were injured in all cases. 4. There were no significant differences between primary repair of soft tissues and the late reconstruction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Age Distribution ; Clinical Study ; Clothing ; Dislocations ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cytosol* ; Humans* ; Receptors, Steroid*

No abstract available in English.
Clinical Study ; Fatigue ; Fractures, Stress

Obesity is pervasive from infancy to adulthood and presents a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase, especially in classes II and III, and in younger toddlers and preschool-aged children. Childhood obesity may be associated with comorbidities in all organ systems and increased cardiovascular risk, as it tracks into adolescent and adult obesity. Although intensive health and behavior lifestyle treatments form the foundation of obesity treatment, there are limitations in the extent and maintenance of weight loss with lifestyle modifications alone. The offering of obesity pharmacotherapy in adjunct to intensive lifestyle treatment in children aged > 12 years may improve outcomes in pediatric obesity. In this review, we discuss currently approved medications for childhood and adolescent obesity, focusing on orlistat, phentermine monotherapy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide and semaglutide injections), and phentermine/topiramate combination.

Obesity is pervasive from infancy to adulthood and presents a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase, especially in classes II and III, and in younger toddlers and preschool-aged children. Childhood obesity may be associated with comorbidities in all organ systems and increased cardiovascular risk, as it tracks into adolescent and adult obesity. Although intensive health and behavior lifestyle treatments form the foundation of obesity treatment, there are limitations in the extent and maintenance of weight loss with lifestyle modifications alone. The offering of obesity pharmacotherapy in adjunct to intensive lifestyle treatment in children aged > 12 years may improve outcomes in pediatric obesity. In this review, we discuss currently approved medications for childhood and adolescent obesity, focusing on orlistat, phentermine monotherapy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide and semaglutide injections), and phentermine/topiramate combination.

Obesity is pervasive from infancy to adulthood and presents a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase, especially in classes II and III, and in younger toddlers and preschool-aged children. Childhood obesity may be associated with comorbidities in all organ systems and increased cardiovascular risk, as it tracks into adolescent and adult obesity. Although intensive health and behavior lifestyle treatments form the foundation of obesity treatment, there are limitations in the extent and maintenance of weight loss with lifestyle modifications alone. The offering of obesity pharmacotherapy in adjunct to intensive lifestyle treatment in children aged > 12 years may improve outcomes in pediatric obesity. In this review, we discuss currently approved medications for childhood and adolescent obesity, focusing on orlistat, phentermine monotherapy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide and semaglutide injections), and phentermine/topiramate combination.