We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

Nutcracker syndrome is a phenomenon that the left renal vein (LRV) is pressed between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. Clinical characteristics include gross or microscopic hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, abdominal pain, and back pain. It occurs due to LRV squeezing caused by narrowed aortomesenteric angle. SMA syndrome is a disease that the third part of the duodenum is prone to intestinal obstruction by narrowed angle between the SMA and the abdominal aorta. Clinical symptoms include postprandial abdominal distension, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. SMA syndrome and nutcracker syndrome have common features that result from narrowed aortomesenteric angle. However, it is very rare for both syndromes to occur simultaneously, so the two syndromes are regarded as separate diseases. This is a report on a case of nutcracker syndrome with SMA syndrome in a child who presented gross hematuria, recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. To our knowledge, nutcracker syndrome simultaneous with SMA syndrome has not been previously reported in pediatric patient, especially with an exhibition of gross hematuria. This case suggests that the simultaneous presence of SMA syndrome with the same pathogenesis needs to be considered when nutcracker syndrome is suspected in pediatric patients with hematuria.
Abdominal Pain ; Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Back Pain ; Child ; Duodenum ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Nausea ; Proteinuria ; Renal Veins ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Fistula*

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be a good treatment option for avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. However, because dislocation can frequently occur after surgery, THA is a concern in patients with a neuromuscular disease, such as cerebral palsy or poliomyelitis. In patients with poliomyelitis, only one case of AVN of the femoral head in the affected limb has been reported in the English literature. Here, the authors report on a case of AVN of the femoral head in a patient with poliomyelitis, who was treated with a large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA using a modified minimally invasive-2-incision technique.
Arthroplasty ; Cerebral Palsy ; Dislocations ; Extremities ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Poliomyelitis ; Tacrine

No abstract available.
Dementia* ; Humans ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Plasmids* ; Pneumonia*

PURPOSE: We examined the effect of induced interocular difference of retinal illuminanace on stereopsis. METHODS: Fifty adults who have normal binocularity were examined with neutral density filters. The mean age was 29.1 years. While the monocular retinal illuminance was gradually reduced by increasing the value of neutral density filters, we measured the best corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity with Titmus test and Lang test. We used neutral density filter from 1.0 neutral density (ND, 10% transmit) to 3.0ND (0.1% transmit) with intervals of 0.2ND. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity began to decrease significantly when the value of neutral density filter reached 2.0ND (1% transmit). Stereoacuity also began to decline when the value was 1.4ND(4% transmit) with Titmus test and 1.6ND (2.5% transmit) with Lang test. CONCLUSIONS: Change of retinal illuminance effects more on stereoacuity than visual acuity as stereoacuity decreased earlier by increasing the value of density filters. These results imply that the stereopsis test could be more useful than visual acuity test for detecting ocular abnormalities influencing the retinal illuminance.
Adult ; Depth Perception* ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde* ; Telescopes* ; Visual Acuity

This report describes clinical cases of a palato-gingival groove on a maxillary lateral incisor with associated localized periodontal disease and pulp necrosis. The tooth of the first case was extracted because of severe bone destruction. The palato-gingival groove of the second case was eliminated using a round bur, and the resulting defect was filled with synthetic graft and covered by an absorbable membrane. Both diagnosis and treatment of palato-gingival groove were very difficult and usually extraction of the involved tooth is the treatment of choice, but combined endodontic-periodontic treatment allowed the tooth to be saved.
Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Diagnosis ; Incisor* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Transplants

Three hundred and ninety patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia managed at Seoul National University Hospital during a 5 year period from 1981 to 1985 were analyzed retrospectively. Most patients experienced urinary retention(60.3%) or had significant residual urine(l2.O %). Azotemia was found in 41 patients(10.5%) and bacteriuria in 67 patients(l7.2%). Intravenous pyelography was performed routinely in most of patients but it did not contribute significantly for the management. 217 transurethral(55.6%), 124 suprapubic(31.8%), and retropubic resections(12.6%) were done according to size of prostate, patient`s general condition and surgeon`s preference by 27 operators including 20 senior residents. The mean weight of resected tissue was 14.5gm in TUR and 36.1gm in open resection. The mean perioperative transfusion was l.2 pints in TUR and 2.2 pints in open resection. Overall morbidity of prostatectomy was l7.4% and there was no difference between TUR and open resection. Excessive bleeding was the major complication which developed in 6.9% of TUR and 6.4% of open resection. Initial azotemia, bacteriuria and old age over 80 years did not increase the operative morbidity. In TUR, 30gm or more of resceted adenoma and/or 90min or more of resection time increased the morbidity significantly. Prophylactic antibiotics decreased the postoperative urinary tract infection. The antibiotics were continued until 5~7 days after removal of catheter, and an additional antibiotics were not necessary even in the presence of microscopic pyuria which persistence for longer time. In 351 patients(90.9%), voiding problem was improved but in 39 patients(10%), it was persisted. Uroflowmetry was useful to evaluated the outcome of the resection. Maximum improvement in the flowrate was found 3 month postoperatively and the result was same in the patients with TUR and open resection.
Adenoma ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azotemia ; Bacteriuria ; Catheters ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urography