Since the invasiveness and metastatic potential of the carcinoma and the proliferation of the tumor cells are the decisional factors in determining the prognosis of carcinoma, it has been a principal area of study to foresee these factors in early stage of the disease process. The purpose of the study was to propose a method to precisely determine the prognosis of tumor. The investigation was performed, using laminin, type IV collagen, and Ki-67 antibody, to reveal the invasiveness and proliferation of the squamous cell carcinoma which is the most prevalent cancer in the area of oral and maxillofacial complex. Frozen tissue sections, 6-8mum in thickness, were prepared from the surgical excision of fresh squamous cell carcinoma for the experimental group. The control group was composed of sections from the normal oral mucosa of the contralateral side. Following incubation in an appropriate primary antibody including laminin, type IV collagen and Ki-67, LSAB method was employed and the tissue sections were treated with DAB for light microscopic immurlohistochemistry. Semiquantitative analysis of the basement membrane was composed of five different positivity of laminin and type IV collagen according to the intensity of the staining. Mean number of Ki-67 positive cells per 2000 total cells in one slide were calculated along with the standard deviation. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In the basement membrane of normal oral mucosa, antibodies against laminin and type IV collagen showed regular thickened, continuous line. Positive reaction was also detected in the vascular walls. Ki-67 labelling index was 4.10+/- 0.80%, and the positive cells were distributed mainly in the basal and parabasal cell layers. 2. In basement membrane of the proliferating tumor adjacent to carcinoma, antibodies against laminin and type IV collagen showed irregular thin, discontinuous line. Ki-67 labelling index was 18.95+/-4.67%, and the parabasal cell layer exhibited increased number of positive cells. 3. In the basement membrane of the main proliferating tumor, antibodies against laminin and type IV collagen showed almost indistinct interrupted line and/or almost indistinct line. Ki-67 labelling index was 31.56+/-5.51%, and the parabasal and spinous cell layer indicated increased cell positivity. 4. Invasive islands showed almost negative reaction to the antibody against type IV collagen, and almost indistinct line of the laminin antibody was observed. Based upon these findings, the loss of laminin and type IV collagen and the Ki-67 labelling index were the highest in the basement membrane of invasive islands. Therefore, it is thought that invasive islands were more deeply involved, than main proliferating tumor, in the invasiveness and proliferation of tumor, and the more the invasiveness of the tumor, the more the cell proliferative activity.
Antibodies ; Basement Membrane ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Collagen Type IV* ; Islands ; Laminin* ; Mouth Mucosa ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: There are some variables including chamber size in irritant patch test responses. Several non-invasive bidengineering methods for quantifying and obtaining information have been developed in recent decades. OBJECTIVE: Our study was done to compare the effect of chamber size and the volume effect on the irritation potential of 1% SLS solution. METHODS: Patches with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) solution were applied to the volar forearm of 14 healthy volunteers for 24 h. Finn chambers with 8mm(20ul), 12mm(60pl), 18mm(80ul, 200ul) inner diameters were used. Visual score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at 30 min after removal of the patches, and every 24 h up to 4 days. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. Visual scores were 0.18+0.32(8mm), 0.75+0.33(12mm) and 0.64+0.41(18mm) at 24 h after removal of 1% SLS and were 0.11+0.29, 0.50+0.34 and 0.25+0.26 on 4 days after removal. They were inereased 30 min and 24 h after removal and decreased towards normal 4 days after removal. By chamber size, the skin response with the large Finn chamber(12mm) increased more significantly than with the small Finn chamber(8mm). However, there were no significant differences in skin response between large and extralarge Finn chambers(18mm). 2. TEWL values were 11.86+4.09, 23.05+6.1l and 22.24+7.54g/m/h at 30 min after removal and were 9.37+2.30, 1..49+3.08 and 14.56+5.00g/m/h on 4 days after removal. They were increased 30 min after removal and decreased towards normal 4 days after removal. By chamber size, their results were the same as visual scores. 3. By visual score and TEWL, the skin response with 200pl of 1% SLS increased more significantly than 80pl in the extralarge Finn chamber. CONCLUSION: The small Finn chamber may be too small to elicit sufficient cutaneous irritation for evaluation. The large Finn chamber having larger test areas may be suitable to yield positive reactions to certain irritants. Also, the quantity of test solution per mm skin may be of importance for the skin response.
Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Irritants ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are known to diminish corneocyte cohesion at the innermost levels of the stratum corneum and have been used in the treatment of various disorders of keratinization. However, their effect on skin barrier function and their irritant potential is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: Our study was done to evaluate the skin irritancy of AHAs in normal human skin. METHODS: Patches with 1%, 5% and 10% solutions of lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) were applied to the volar forearm of 20 healthy volunteers for 24 hours using large Finn chambers with filter paper. Visual scores, erythema (E-) index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h after removal of the patches. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. Visual scores were 0.1+/-0.3 (1%), 0.5+/-0.6 (5%) and 1.1+/-0.8 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 0.2+/-0.4 (1%), 0.6+/-0.6 (5%) and 1.0+/-0.7 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were increased in proportion to the concentrations and there were significant differences in skin responses between the control and each concentration of the solutions. 2. E-indices were 9.1+/-2.1 (control), 8.8+/-1.8 (1%), 9.0+/-2.6 (5%) and 10.5+/-3.9 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 9.4+/-1.8 (control), 9.3+/-2.3 (1%), 10.0+/-3.0 (5%) and 11.1+/-3.5 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were not increased in the patch areas of 1% and 5% solutions in both the LA and GA group, but were significantly increased in the patch areas of 10% solutions in both the LA and GA group. 3. TEWL values were 7.3+/-2.3 (control), 8.3+/-4.0 (1%), 9.8+/-4.5 (5%) and 16.7+/-9.1 (10%) at 24 h after removal of LA, and were 8.1+/-3.2 (control), 7.8+/-3.8 (1%), 8.6+/-3.0 (5%) and 10.9+/-4.1 (10%) at 24 h after removal of GA. They were not increased in the patch areas of 1% LA, 1% GA and 5% LA, but there were high significant differences between the controls and 10% solutions of both LA and GA. CONCLUSION: Visual scores were increased in all concentrations of AHAs tested, but the increase in E-index and TEWL values were not significant or minimal in 1% and 5% solutions of AHAs. These findings suggest that AHAs could be classified as non-corrosive irritants.
Erythema ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Hydroxy Acids* ; Irritants ; Lactic Acid ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Colonic Neoplasms* ; Rectum*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Fibrosis* ; Recurrence*

In recent years, marked increase in incidence of congenital syphilis has occured throughout the world due tochanges in social norms and development of penicillin-resistant strains. Early diagnosis plays an important rolein congenital syphilis as the clinical manifestations may simulalte many other conditions in the paediatric agegroup. The authors analized 52 cases of congenital syphilis admitted tot he department of paediatrics, ChosumUniversity Hospital, clinically and radiologically. Among them, 18 cases were born in this hospital and 34 caseswere admitted from OPD, during the period of 8 years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1982. The reults obtained were asfollows; 1. In 28 of 34 cases (82%), the first clinical manifestations were below the age of 3 months. 2. Amongthe 52 cases, a male predominance was observed with a male to female ratio of 2:1. 3. The serologic test (VDRL) ofthe 52 studied cases showed reactive in 49 cases (94%), and that of syphilitic mothers except 6 cases, rective inall studied cases. 4. The major manifstations of the 52 cases were bone tenderness (12%) and swelling of thejoints(7%) inskeletal system, hepatosplenomegaly (79%) and skin lesions (73%) in extraskeletal one. 5. Theradiological skeletal changes were detected in 45 of 52 cases(87%), and the commonest findings were detected in 45of 52 cases (87%), and the commonest findings were metaphsitis(83%) and periostitis(81%). The most characteristictype of metaphysitis were transverse trophic line(74%) and zone of rarefaction (65%). 6. The comonest bones to beaffected were growing metaphyses of the long bones, particulary about the wrist and the knee. The order offreqeuncy were radius (80%), ulna(80%), tibia(77%), femur(69%) and hymerus(40%).
Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Male ; Mothers ; Radius ; Serologic Tests ; Skin ; Social Norms ; Syphilis, Congenital ; Wrist

Animals ; Cartilage ; Cell Proliferation ; Femur ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Paraffin ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

Animals ; Body Weight ; Fluorouracil ; Hair ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley