Hypothermia is defined as a core temperature of less than 35 degrees C. Hypothermia changes homeostasis of human body. It includes neurologic, cardiovascular, and metabolic abnormalities. we have anesthetized a woman patient who had intracranial hemorrhage with accidental hypothermia of 27.8 degrees C. We managed for elevation of body temperature with elevation of room temperature (30 degrees C), bladder irrigation with warm saline, application of warming pad and infusion of warming fluid during 4 hours and 20 minutes. At the end of anesthesia, her body temperature was 34.3 degrees C.
Anesthesia ; Body Temperature ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Human Body ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans

Electrodiagnostic studies were carried out in 4 patients with neurological complications of acute hemorrhatic conjunctivitis at Severance Hospital on 1983. Both motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were normal even in the involved limbs. The electromyography, however, reveals denervation potentials and neuropathic MUPs. The somatosensory evoked potentials taken in median nerve stimulated at the wrist and peroneal nerve stimulated around the knee showed normal latencies, shapes and amplitudes almost symmetrically.
Adult* ; Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Denervation ; Electromyography ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Knee ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Peroneal Nerve ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Athletes* ; Back Muscles ; Bone Density* ; Exercise* ; Female* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Radius ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

A clinical study of the Tibial Shaft fracture was made on 128 patients, who had been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine Kyung Hee Universlty from the October, 1971 to May, 1979. The results were as follows: 1. The rate of fracture union was accelerated under the age of 20 years but it was slow in aged group. 2. The poor prognosis of fracture union was shown in junction between middle and distal 1/3 than others. 3. The better prognosis of the fracture type was shown in oblique and spiral fracture than in the comminuted and segmental. 4. There was prolonged rate of union in case of associated fibula fracture. 5. The frequency of delayed and nonunion were more prevalent in open fracture. 6. Among the open comminuted tibial shaft fracture with skin and soft tissue loss, the good results was obtained by the Hoffmanns external skeletal fixation method.
Classification ; Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis ; Skin

Microangiography is a very effective method in evaluating morphological changes of small vessels not onlybecause it shows subtle changes in microvasculature but also shows whole length of the vessels. Reccently many experimental studies on microagniography of normal and injured tissues are reported, but there's no report on microangiography of artificially induced cancer tissue. Authors artificially induced breast carinoma in rats withintravenous infusion of carcinogenic substance, N-methyl-N-Nitrosourea, and microangiography was done to evaluate vascularity and morphological changes of vessels of the cancer tissue. The results are as follows; 1.Distribtution of the tumor vessels showed tendency to form bolules. 2. Overall tumor vascularity was slightly hypervascular. 3. Variable sized, parallell arraged, tumor vessels surrounded the boundary of the lobules whilemore small vessels invaginated to the center of lobules in tortuous or straight fashion. 4. In overall, peripherayof the lobule was more vascular than center. 5. There was no evidence of cental tumor necrosis, and findings of extravasation of dye or venous lake formation were minimal. 6. Pathologically, the tumor tissue was well differentiated adenocarcinoma with tendency of lobule formation.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Lakes ; Methods ; Methylnitrosourea ; Microvessels ; Necrosis ; Rats

BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma homocysteine appears to be causally related to atherosclerosis by inducing both endothelial dysfunction and vascular structure alteration. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, a non-invasive means of measuring atherosclerosis, reflects arterial stiffness. In this study, we investigated the association between the plasma homocysteine level and arterial stiffness in Korean adults. METHODS: The study group comprised of 405 subjects selected from examinees in the Health Promotion Center. Medical history, medication, and life style were recorded through a questionnaire and physical examination was performed on all subjects. We measured glucose tolerance index, lipid profile, inflammatory index, and plasma homocysteine level. We studied brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as a measure of arterial stiffness. RESULTS: A total of 379 subjects were examined on all components. The mean age in 172 males was 54.5 +/- 8.7 years and in females was 57.2 +/- 7.0 years. The baPWV was observed to be positively correlated with age, blood pressure, hs-CRP, and homocysteine in males. In contrast, males, age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose tolerance index, lipid profile except for HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, and homocysteine were positively correlated with baPWV in females. The baPWV was increased according to the level of plasma homocysteine in males. After ontrolling or risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, homocysteine was associated with increased baPWV CONCLUSION: The results indicate that elevated plasma homocysteine was associated with baPWV in middle-aged male after adjustment for the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Female ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Stiffness ; Waist Circumference ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Analysis of the evaluation for clinical performance examination (CPX) using standardized patient (SP) in one medical school was done to compare the evaluations between the staffs and SPs, among the staffs, and among the SPs, and to investigate the correlation between the evaluation scores and the school record. METHODS: Clinical performance examination was done to seventy-nine 4th grade medical students. Checklist was modified from the existing reference and added more items. Three SPs who were non-physician volunteers were trained by authors about what is the disease and how to act the patient and how to evaluate the students. Three staffs and three SPs both filled up the checklist at the same time right after each student's performance. RESULTS: Agreements between the staffs and the SPs were relatively high enough in the items of physical examination and management but low in the history taking related items although they were statistically significant. In the evaluation between the staffs and the SPs, the mean scores in the management and overall attitude were not significantly different, but, mean scores in the history taking, physical examination and overall skill were significantly different. Among the staffs there were no significant differences in history taking, physical examination, overall attitude, and there were significant differences in patient management and overall skill. Among the SPs there were no significant differences in physical exam, patient management and overall skill, and there were significant differences in history taking and overall attitude. The correlation coefficients between the evaluation scores and school records, between the evaluation scores and written report were relatively low respectively. CONCLUSION: To increase the agreement rates between the staffs and SPs, more training for the staffs and SPs are necessary
Checklist ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Schools, Medical* ; Students, Medical ; Volunteers

Bites and Stings ; Bone Screws ; Humans ; Lip ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Orthodontics ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy ; Tooth ; Tooth Mobility ; Walking