OBJECTIVES: Along with the fact that people change their attitude on aesthetic surgery, many people become to have positive viewpoint on aesthetic surgery. However, according to the recent study result, it showed that aesthetic surgery patients tend to have psychopathology. To investigate effects of aesthetic surgery and tendency of aesthetic surgery patients which is presumed to be changed, various psychological evaluations were performed in the sample who had undergone aesthetic surgery. Also psychiatric and psychological attributes of aesthetic plastic surgery patients were compared with those of reconstructive surgery group and those of normal controls. METHOD: 50 of reconstructive surgery group and 50 of normal control group were selected from Dept. of Plastic Surgery of Chungbuk National University Hospital and two private plastic surgery clinics in Cheong-ju. To find out each group's psychological attributes, pre- and post-operative psychological conditions were evaluated by administering basic survey, body image scale, ego identity scale, and SCL-90-R. RESULT: 1) Patients in the group of reconstructive surgery received more stress than those in the group of aesthetic surgery and normal controls. 2) There were no significant differences in the scores of body image scale, ego identity scale and SCL-90-R between reconstructive surgery group and normal control group. 3) After aesthetic surgery, aesthetic surgery group showed improvement in almost every item in SCL-90-R, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, GSI, PSDI and PST sub-scales. 4) The factors which affected on the satisfaction after surgery among group of aesthetic surgery were self-acceptance, uniqueness in self-identity scale and obsessive-compulsive, somatization in SCL-90-R. When self-acceptance was low and self-uniqueness was high, satisfaction was high. And the more patients complained about physical symptom, satisfaction was low. 5) The factors which influenced on the opinion of re-operation among group of aesthetic surgery were stability in self-identity scale, obsessive-compulsive and somatization in SCL-90-R, and physical health in body image scale. When stability was low, complaints about physical symptoms were high, viewpoint on one's health was negative and the chance of re-operation was high. 6) In group of aesthetic surgery, the higher the expectation was before surgery, the lower the satisfaction was after surgery. CONCLUSION: As described in above study result, patients who planned to have aesthetic surgery were not different from common people in terms of psychopathology. And it was also found that aesthetic surgery could improve patients' mental health. If simply administrable evaluation method to measure complaints about physical symptoms, viewpoint on one's health, stability and obsessive-compulsive is invented in the near future, it will be possible to screen patients who are likely to have low satisfaction after surgery and high tendency to have re-operation.
Anxiety ; Body Image ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Depression ; Ego ; Hostility ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Psychopathology ; Surgery, Plastic*

No abstract available.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Carcinoid Tumor*

One of the least frequently encountered nongliomatous intraspinal neoplasm is the teratoma. Tumors that are not dermoid or epidermoid cyst have been reported as being teratomatous or teratoid when they do not have tissue derived from all three germ layers and when they are clearly most closely related to the trigerminal teratoma. Authors described an illustrated case report of teratoid cyst of the spinal cannal, summarized the previous report cases, and discuss the classification and origin of these tumors.
Classification ; Dermoid Cyst ; Epidermal Cyst ; Germ Layers ; Lumbosacral Region* ; Teratoma

In children, primary tumors of the third ventricle are uncommon. The majority of the lesion were infiltrating astrocytoma of the anterior portion of the third ventricle. Tumors within the third ventricle were benign, encapsulated, and respectable with good prognosis. But most surgerns have considered this tumors to be inoperable;accordingly shunting procedures followed by radiotherapy has been the treatment of choice. We recently experienced a case of astrocytoma which entirely filled the third ventricle with hemorrhage and reviewed the literatures.
Astrocytoma* ; Child ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Third Ventricle*

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to explore the association of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH) gene with diagnosis of alcohol dependence and/or clinical characteristics such as age of onset, family history, and severity of symptoms in Korean alcoholics. METHODS: The genotype and allele frequencies of TPH in 100 male hospitalized patients who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence were investigated using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and were compared with 100 agematched healthy male control subjects. And the associations between gene polymorphisms and clinical characteristics in alcoholic patients were explored. RESULTS: The distributions of TPH genotype and allele in alcohol dependent patients were not different from control subjects. However, the frequencies of TPH genotype in early-onset alcoholic patients, which were 0.57, 0.39, and 0.04(AA, AC and CC, respectively), were significantly different from those of late-onset alcoholics(0.34, 0.45, and 0.21, respectively). "A" allele was found more frequent in early-onset alcoholics. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that TPH gene polymorphism is associated with early-onset alcoholic patients possibly related with inherited abnormalities of serotonin system.
Age of Onset ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; Alleles ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase* ; Tryptophan*

OBJECTIVES: This study was to explore the association between alcohol dependence and five candidate genes related to the metabolism of alcohol and the enzymes of the suspected sites in CNS. METHODS: The genotype and allele frequencies of five candidate genes in 128 male hospitalized patients who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence were compared with 128 age-matched healthy male control subjects using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. A logistic regression analysis was applied in order to exclude the reciprocal interactions among five candidate genes. RESULTS: The NN genotype frequency of the ALDH2 gene was significantly higher in alcoholic patients than in control subjects(chi-square test, p<0.001). No difference in frequency was found in the other four genes. In a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for alcohol dependence in the NN genotype of the ALDH2 gene and AG or GG genotypes of the N glycosylation site on the ASA gene were 130.312(95% confidence interval, 17.22-986.43) and 2.344(95% confidence interval, 1.128-4.871), respectively. CONCLUSION: The result reiterates the association of the ALDH2 gene polyporphism and the alcohol dependence. Logistic regression analysis additionally suggested that the N-glycosylation site on the ASA gene was associated with alcohol dependence.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metabolism ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

BACKGROUND: Although aortic valve sclerosis causes no significant hemodynamic alterations, it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction. However, the role of beta3 integrin in aortic valve sclerosis remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups. Group 1 rabbits (n=10) received a normal chow diet, while group 2 (n=10) rabbits received a diet containing 1% cholesterol for 12 weeks. After the rabbits were euthanized, their aortic valves and ascending aortas were excised for analysis. RESULT: Total serum cholesterol (2,148.3+/-1,012.5 mg/dL versus 53.7+/-31.8 mg/dL, p<0.05), triglyceride (240.4+/-218.3 mg/dL versus 31.6+/-6.4 mg/dL, p<0.05), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (2,065.3+/-960.9 mg/dL versus 29.1+/-30.9 mg/dL, p<0.05) levels were significantly higher in the cholesterol diet group compared with the normal diet group. Myofibroblasts and macrophages were more highly expressed in the aortic valve leaflets of rabbits in the cholesterol diet group than of those in the normal diet group. A real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed decreased beta3 integrin mRNA levels in the hypercholesterolemic aortic valves and aortas. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that hypercholesterolemia induces aortic valve sclerosis. These findings suggest that alterations in beta3 integrin may play a role in the development of aortic valve sclerosis.
Aorta ; Aortic Valve ; Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Integrin beta3 ; Integrins ; Lipoproteins ; Macrophages ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myofibroblasts ; Rabbits ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard surgical treatment for coronary artery disease. Although there are many clinical reviews of the long term results after CABG in the Western countries, not many such studies have been done for Korea. Therefore, we reviewed the long term clinical results for the patients who underwent CABG at our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 342 patients who underwent CABG at our hospital from February 1984 to December 2006, which is when CABG was first performed in our institution. A total of 286 patients (83.6%) were able to be followed-up, and the mean follow-up period was 75.7+/-46.1 months. RESULT: The early mortality rate was 5.6%, and late mortality rate was 23.1%. The one-year survival rate, the five-year survival rate, the ten-year survival rate and the fifteen-year survival rate were 91.5%, 82.1%, 60.7% and 50.0%, respectively. The survival rate was significantly lower for the patients over the age of 60 (p=0.002) and for those with diabetes mellitus (p=0.000), hypertension (p=0.002), multivessel disease (p=0.006) and left ventricular dysfunction (p=0.015). No significant difference was observed between the genders. Multivariate analysis showed that the statistically significant risk factors were diabetes mellitus (p=0.001), age (p=0.005) and those cases for which the left internal thoracic artery was not used (p=0.037). CONCLUSION: CABG is the effective method of treatment for coronary artery disease. Therefore, active usage of the internal thoracic artery and appropriate medical treatment after surgery, and especially for diabetes mellitus patients, are mandatory for achieving good long-term survival.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Mammary Arteries ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

BACKGROUND: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Although postoperative AF is regarded as benign, transient and self-limited, it has been associated with increased morbidity, thromboembolic events and an increased duration and cost of hospitalization. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1994 to December 2007, 190 patients that had isolated CABG surgery were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=139) involved those who had postoperative atrial fibrillation, and group 2 (n=51) did not have any such events. We reviewed the medical records retrospectively including the incidence of postoperative AF, patient characteristics, surgery related factors and the outcome of the patients with postoperative AF. RESULT: The frequency of postoperative AF was 26.8%, the conversion rate to regular sinus rhythm before discharge was 82.4%; 82.4% of the AF developed within the first three postoperative days. Although the postoperative AF group was significantly older and had a prolonged postoperative Intensive care unit (ICU) stay, there was no difference in the aortic crossclamp time or duration of hospitalization. No spontaneous defibrillation at declamping, and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly related to the development of postoperative AF. However, postoperative treatment with a beta blocker was associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative AF. The multivariate analysis showed that age and ICU stay were significantly associated with the development of POAF. Spontaneous defibrillation and postoperative beta blocker treatment were significantly associated with a decreased frequency of POAF. CONCLUSION: AF after CABG surgery is a common complication associated with increased morbidity and a longer ICU stay. Therefore, various strategies aimed at reducing AF, and its complications, such as postoperative treatment with a beta blocker should be considered.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants