Clinical and statistical analysis were performed on 573 cases of neonates who were admitted in the special care baby unit, St. Benedict Hospital, from January 1978 to June 1979. The results were as following: 1) Sex ratio of male to female was 1.04:1. 2) According to the route of admission, The ratio of "non-referred patients" to "referred patients was 1.86:1. 3) About the parity incidence, the first baby was 57.1%, the second was 29.7%, and the third was 9.6%. 4) About the age on admission, the babies of the one day I\of age was 45.5% and 86.9% was within 1 week of age. 5) According to the duration of admission, 1-7 days group was the most common(59.6%) and the next were 8-14 days group(24.6%), 15-21 days group(6.1%) 6) According to the duration of admission, 1-7 days group was the most common(59.6%) and the next were 8-14 days group(24.6%), 15-21 days group(6.1%). 7) About the maternal education of non-referred patients, group of high school educated was the most common(45.6%), followed by college(22.3%), middle school(15.3%), and primary school(9.7%). 8) On distribution of the maternal age of non-referred patients, the group of 20-30 years of age was the most common(51.7%), followed by 20-25 years of age (23.3%). Admission rate according to maternal age, higher incidence was seen over 31 years of age. 9) The most common placentas weight of non-refered patients was 600-800 gm. Group(39.9%) and the highest incidence of pre-term was the group of 200-400gm. 10) The most frequent problem was hyperbilirubinemia, followed by prematurity, infectious diseases, respiratory tract diseases, congenital anomalies, diseases associated with metabolism and birth injury. 11) According to the age of initiation of treatment in hyperbilirubinemic patients, the most common age was 4 day(30.5%) and the next was 3 days(25.1%), Suspected causes ware idiopathic(51.2%), blood group incompatibility(17.1%), prematurity(15.3%) and so on. 12) The main diseases associated with prematurity were hyperbilirub-inemia(47.9%), pneumonia(15.1%), RDS(8.4%). 13) Mortality rate were 26.6% in pre-term, 7.4% in post-term, 2.6% in full-term and mortality rate of all admission was 8.0%. Generally, the shorter gestational age and lower birth weight, the higher the mortality rate of premature infants was observed. 14) The leading causes of death were immaturity(48.5%), RDS(24.2%), pneumonia(21.2%) in pre-term, pneumonia(27.3%), kernicterus(18.2%) in full-term and anencephaly & placental dysfunction syndrome in postern 2 cases.
Anencephaly ; Birth Injuries ; Birth Weight ; Cause of Death ; Communicable Diseases ; Education ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Metabolism ; Mortality ; Parity ; Placenta ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available.
Phototherapy*

Torsades de pointes is characterized by paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia at rates typically greater than 200 beats/min in which QRS morphology shows alternating polarity in an undulating pattern so that the complexes appear to be twisting about the beseline;this arrhythmia is virtually always associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Its importance lies not in its unusual structure but in the potentially fatal outcome if conventional treatment is administred. Torsades de pointes was diagnosed in 4 patients;the first with hypokalemia, the second with congenital QT prolongation syndrome, the third with amiodarone, the fourth with organophosphorous and hypokalemia. Treatment of these patients consisted of potassium supply, isoproterenol, lidocaine, phenobarbital, tenormin, phenytoin, cardioversion, atropine. Three patients improved successfully, but one patient died, as a direct result of the ensuing ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest on one hour after admission.
Amiodarone ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atenolol ; Atropine ; Electric Countershock ; Fatal Outcome ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Isoproterenol ; Lidocaine ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Potassium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Torsades de Pointes* ; Ventricular Fibrillation

No Abstract Available.
Child* ; Humans ; Spine*

High-dose methylprednisolone (MP) has been shown to play an important role in traumatic optic nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate histopathologic changes of the injured optic nerve with time course after experimental trauma to the optic nerve had been induced. The optic nerve trauma was made by rotating the eyeball in rabbits. Twelve rabbits were divided into three groups (Group 1; 2 weeks, Group 2; 1 month, and Group 3; 2 months) according to time course after MP administration. Each group comprised of control group and treatment group. MP significantly reduced damage of the myelinated nerve and gliosis in comparision with the control group, when MP was administered IV immediately after trauma in the treatment group at a bolus of 30mg/kg, two times for 3 days, with a subsequent continuous MP infusion at 30mg/kg for 4 days. And massive gliosis and damage of the myelinated nerve in the control group were oberserved on electron microscopy. However, we could not find PMNLs, macrophages, and proliferation of fibroblast in both the control group and treatment group. It is possible that high-dose MP protects further damage of the injured optic nerve and that the beneficial effect is partially due to its antioxidant rather than its anti-inflammatory effect. This histopathologic study indicated that high-dose MP might improve the neurological outcome in the injured optic nerve.
Fibroblasts ; Gliosis ; Macrophages ; Methylprednisolone* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Optic Nerve* ; Rabbits

We experienced one case of Beckwith syndrome. This one day aged male neonate manifested macroglossia, umbilical hernia, visceromegaly, hypoglycemia, gigantism and polycythemia. A brief review of related literature is also presented.
Gigantism ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Macroglossia ; Male ; Polycythemia

Because information on biological agents in the workplace is lacking, biological hazard analyses at the workplace to securely recognize the harmful factors with biological basis are desperately needed. This review concentrates on literatures published after 2010 that attempted to detect biological hazards to humans, especially workers, and the efforts to protect them against these factors. It is important to improve the current understanding of the health hazards caused by biological factors at the workplace. In addition, this review briefly describes these factors and provides some examples of their adverse health effects. It also reviews risk assessments, protection with personal protective equipment, prevention with training of workers, regulations, as well as vaccinations.
Biological Factors ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Social Control, Formal ; Vaccination

Childhood acute leukemia has achieved tremendous treatment outcome improvement over the past several decades. Given that pediatric leukemia remains the most common type of childhood malignant tumors, there are still unmet needs in relapsed/ refractory diseases. Moreover, reducing the toxic adverse effects of chemotherapy is another big challenge. Over the past decades, immunotherapy in pediatric leukemia has achieved significant improvement. This review will focus on the recent development and achievement of bi-specific T-cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in pediatric leukemia. Moreover, several prevalent obstacles in administering these treatments will also be discussed. Based on the characteristics of each treatment, a variety of clinical trials are currently underway. As a new treatment modality, immunotherapy should be optimally applied based on disease conditions.

No abstract available.
Korea ; Prekallikrein

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a significant role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the natural course of insulin sensitivity under NAFLD remained unclear. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the effect of NAFLD on insulin resistance. A total of 20,628 Korean men without homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR < 2.7) were followed-up for 5 years. They were serially checked for HOMA-IR to monitor the development of IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.7). The incidence rate of IR increased according to the degree of NAFLD (normal: 11.6%, mild: 28.8%, moderate to severe: 40.5%, P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards model showed that HRs (95% CI) for IR increased proportionally to the degree of NAFLD (mild: 1.19 [1.02–1.39], moderate to severe: 1.32 [1.08–1.57]). IR was more potentially associated with the more progressive NAFLD than normal and milder state. In addition, NAFLD was the independent risk factor of the development of IR. These results suggest the potential availability of NAFLD as a predictor of IR.
Homeostasis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors