Detailed mechanism of uterine cervical cancer progression still remains unclear. Altered programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cellular proliferation are associated with the development of neoplasia. The authors investigated the expressions of bcl-2, which inhibit apoptosis, and caspase-3, which is involved in the induction of apoptosis and has been considered to be correlated with apoptosis, and proliferating activity according to the degree of malignancy in the squamous neoplasia of the uterine cervix. Correlation between bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression and proliferating activity was done. The materials were low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n=15), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n=15), microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (n=15), and squamous cell carcinoma (n=15). Immunohistochemical stainings for bcl-2, caspase-3, and MIB-1 were done. bcl-2 and MIB-1 expressions were progressively increased in accordance with the increasing degree of malignancy, but caspase-3 immunoreactivity was higher in LSIL than invasive cancers. There was an inverse relationship between bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant correlation between MIB-1, bcl-2, and caspase-3 expressions was observed. These results suggest that an inhibition of apoptosis and the augmentation of proliferating activity of tumor cells might be separately involved in the development of the cervical squamous neoplasia.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

We investigated elementary school students' knowledge, behavior, experience and preference of education method related to food safety in order to provide basic information for food safety educational program. A survey study was conducted with 569, fourth and sixth grade students, from two schools in Seoul and Ulsan. Students were asked thirty-two questions regarding food safety knowledge, behavior and experiences as well as their attitude to food safety class and preference for teaching method. The data was analyzed for the frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows. Results indicated that 91.9 percent of the respondents did not know what unsanitary food is. 67 percent of the respondents did not know the proper method of hand washing. Although the students' level of knowledge and behavior associated with food safety was low, there was meaningful correlation(r =.184, p<.01) between knowledge and behavior. Surprisingly, students in higher grade did not demonstrate an exceeding food safety knowledge and behavior. More than 50 percent of the subjects did not have food safety education either at home or school. 60 percent of the respondents interested in food safety and the majority recognized that a food safety education is needed. Students want to learn about unsanitary food(34.1%), foodborne illness(29.7%), food selection and storage method(21.3%), and personal hygiene(11.2%) through game, role play, and practice in real situation. These results suggest that development of food safety education program is needed through the elementary school year and the education program must include fun activities in which students can participate.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education* ; Food Preferences ; Food Safety* ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Seoul ; Teaching ; Ulsan

No abstract available.
Pheochromocytoma* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the effects of intervention for CVD prevention in construction workers. METHODS: A total of 497 workers participated the health status survey and finally 90 workers were analyzed for evaluation of the intervention with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from the questionnaires and health examinations in the healthcare service for road constructor's CVD prevention as secondary analysis. The intervention of the healthcare was composed of CVD prevention education for all workers and face to face counselling for the high risk group of CVD risk during 6 months in workplace. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: The moderate and high risk groups of CVD were 9.7% and 0.8%. After the intervention, the physical activity (MET-min/week) significantly increased (Z=-5.46, p<.001). But, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, and CVD risk appraisals between pre and post intervention. CONCLUSION: The findings imply that it is necessary to develop the health promotion program for construction workers which fully reflects the characteristics of individuals and the organization.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Motor Activity

Advance in fiberoptic endoscopy have improved diagnostic capabilities and management in patients with gastric polyps and increased experience with endoscopic polypectomy offers the most simple and safe method in removal of gastric polyps. Sixty six endoscopic gastric polypectomies was performed in 59 patients who visited Chonnam National University Hospital from 1980 to 1989 The results obtained were as follows. 1) The most patients were in the seventh decade followed by fifth, fourth decade. The ratio of male to female was 1: 1.95. 2) The common clinical symptoms with which patients presented were epigastric discomfort (54. 2%), epigastric pain (44.1%), indigestion (16.9%), nausea and vomiting (13.6%) and hematemesis (3.4%). The associated diseases of gastric polyp were chronic superficial gastritis (28.8%), chronic atrophic gastritis (13.6%), benign gastric ulcer, gastric caecer, cancer of ampulla of Vater. 3) The number of patients with single gastric polyp wa 47 (79.7%), and that of multiple gastric polyps was 12 (20.3%). The most common location of gastric polyps was gastric antrum (66.6%) follawed by gastric body (27.3%) and gastric fundus (6.1%). 4) The removed polyps were mostly 1.0 cm to 2.0 cm in size and in the gross findings by Yamadas classification, type IV (48.5%) was most common. 5) Histogical examinations revealed that 49.6% of remoyed polyps were hyperplastic polys and 18. 7% of those were adenomatous polyps. Only one case of adenomatous polyp had contaied focally malignant change of mucosa. 6) Almost all cases were in the absenee of significant complications, but three patients showed bleeding at the site of polypectomy, which controlled by conservative means.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Ampulla of Vater ; Classification ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; Gastritis ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Nausea ; Polyps ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach Ulcer ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Sepsis* ; Yersinia*

Granulocytic sarcoma.(chloroma) is a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series infiltrating an extramedullary site. The tumor may involve anywhere in the body, especially orbit, bone, epidural space and lymph node, but there is no case involved the esophagus. In a 34-year-old male presented with sudden anset of dysphagia, esophagoscopic examination revealed concentric narrowing of the esophageal lumen wirith alight granular mucosa in the midesophagus, which hiatologically proved to b a granulocytic sarcoma. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears showed blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. After the systemic chemotherapy, dysphagia and mid-esophageal luminal narrowing disappeared completely.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Deglutition Disorders ; Drug Therapy ; Epidural Space ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Orbit ; Phenobarbital ; Sarcoma, Myeloid

No abstract available.
Moyamoya Disease*

Placental site nodules and plaques have been recently described to designated single or multiple, well-circumscribed, rounded lesions at the placental site, composed of viable or degenerating intermediate trophoblastic cells and extensive hyalinization between the cells. We described clinicopathologic findings of 14 cases of placental site nodules and plaques. The age of 14 patients ranged from 25 to 39(average 33) years and all of them had been pregnant in the past. Ten of them presented with vaginal spotting, which was preceded by recent pregnancy in only 3 cases. Three patients presented with secondary infertility and one with secondary infertility and vaginal spotting. Urine pregnancy tests were negative in all 14 cases at the time of presentation. Ultrasonographic examination disclosed abnormalities in only 3 cases and the remaining cases were normal. Hysterosalpingography was performed in 3 patients who presented with 2 degrees infertility and revealed moderate to severe intrauterine adhesions. Microscopically, chronic endometritis of varying degrees evidenced by plasma cells and eosinophiles were present in all cases and these were more prominent in the vicinity of the lesions. It is presumed that the placental site nodules and plaques are not sloughed at the time of menstruation and it may cause chronic endometritis or intrauterine adhesions at any time after previous delivery.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify a relationship between the communication competence and social anxiety in nursing students. METHODS: With a cross-sectional survey, a convenience sampling of 303 nursing students was taken from P-university in Y-city. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire that is consisted of the general characteristics, an Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) and a Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (GICC). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score of the IAS was 41.89+/-8.74 and the GICC was 3.51+/-0.34. Communication competence significantly differed by the satisfaction of major (F=10.86, p<.001). In addition, the satisfaction of interpersonal relationships was significantly different in both communication competence (F=17.52, p<.001) and social anxiety (F=23.85, p<.001). Social anxiety had a negative correlation with communication competence (r=-.48, p<.001). Social anxiety accounted for 55.3% of the variance-social relaxation (beta=-.62), assertiveness (beta=-.18), interaction management (beta =.14) and efficiency (beta=-.13)- of communication competence's subcategories. CONCLUSION: It was found that communication competence has an influence on social anxiety. Therefore, education programs are needed to promote communication competence for a decline of social anxiety in nursing students.
Anxiety* ; Assertiveness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Competency* ; Nursing* ; Relaxation ; Students, Nursing*