No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment and behavior problems in adolescents. METHOD: A sample of 792 high school students were examined. Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Self-report Attachment Style, Youth Self-Report Child Behavior Checklist (YSR) were used to measure the attachment quality, the attachment pattern and the behavior problems respectively. RESULTS: As to the attachment quality, high score in fear of rejection, low dependability and low intimacy were related to the development of adolescent's internalizing problems. As to the attachment pattern, preoccupied and fearful with attachment experience were linked to the internalizing behavior problems of higher level as well as 'Attention problems' and 'Aggressive behavior' sub-scales of externalizing ones on YSR. CONCLUSION: High fear of rejection, low dependability and low intimacy characterise the insecure attachment. So the insecure attachment might predict the development of all internalizing behavior problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior in adolescents. Also the result suggested that the adolescents classified as Dismissing attachment may have a positive view of the self and may minimize the self reported behavior problems.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Self Report

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Korean adolescent attachment patterns and their relations to parenting behaviors. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 792 high school students in Seoul. We assessed parenting behaviors perceived by adolescents and attachment type and quality of using Parenting Behavior Inventory, Self-report Attachment Style and Revised Adult Attachment Scale. RESULTS: 1) On the attachment pattern of adolescent, it revealed that 47.6% of the subjects were classified as "secure", 32.2% as "preoccupied", 14.6% as "dismissing" and 5.6% as "fearful". 2) The parental neglect was related to fearful and preoccupied patterns and parental inconsistency was related to preoccupied pattern. In terms of attachment quality and parental behavior, more parental affection and reasoning were related with more reliance. And more affection and less intrusiveness, neglect, and inconsistency were related with more closeness. More affection and reasoning and less physical abuse, intrusivenes, over-expectation, neglect, inconsistency were related with less anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that adolescent attachment pattern would be transitional compared with that of infancy and adult. More positive parenting behavior such as affection and reasoning, and less negative parenting behavior such as physical abuse, intrusiveness, neglect, inconsistency were related with secure attachment pattern. Also, less positive parenting behavior such as affection and reasoning, and more negative parenting behavior such as physical abuse, intrusiveness, neglect, inconsistency were related with insecure attachment patterns.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Humans ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Receptors, Adrenergic* ; Steroids*

Background: Big data reports related to diseases and health care for the Korean population have been published since the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Service provided limited open access to their databases. Here, we reviewed the structure, content, and means of using data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system for the benefit of Korean researchers and presented the latest publication trends in Korean healthcare data procured from the NHI and HIRA databases. Methods: Since 2013, researchers have been able to obtain nationwide population-based studies using the NHI and HIRA databases of the insured. We searched publications using the NHI and the HIRA databases between 2013 and 2019 retrieved from PubMed. Results: The NHI and HIRA databases provide nationwide population-based data. The total number of publications from 2014 to 2019 using NHI and HIRA databases is 2,541 and 655, respectively. A total of 5,465 endocrinology-related studies were performed during 2014 to 2019. Conclusion The NHIS and HIRA databases have provided tools for guidelines to approach world-leading population-based epidemiology and disease research.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial carcinomas are pathogenetically classified into two major types; endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and serous carcinoma (SC). The most frequently altered gene in EC is the PTEN tumor suppressor gene (TSG). SC is usually associated with mutations in the p53 TSG. METHODS: To further determine the role of PTEN and p53 mutation in endometrial carcinogenesis, the analysis of 33 endometrial carcinomas, including 28 ECs and 5 SCs, for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 10q23 and for mutation in all 9 coding exons of PTEN and the 5-8 exons of p53, using SSCP-PCR methods was carried out. RESULTS: LOH was detected in at least one marker in 12 (54.5%) of 22 ECs, but in only one (20.0%) of 5 SCs. Somatic PTEN mutations were detected in 10 (35.7%) of 28 ECs. PTEN was altered in 67.9% of ECs and in 20.0% of SCs, including those with 10q23 LOH. No PTEN mutations were found among the SCs. Somatic p53 mutations were detected in 2 (7.1%) of 28 ECs and 3 (60.0%) of 5 SCs. CONCLUSIONS: PTEN gene alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of an endometrioid subtype of endometrial carcinoma, but not to the serous type. In contrast, p53 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SCs.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Clinical Coding ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Loss of Heterozygosity

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia may show a delayed presentation and it rarely simulates pleural effusion. We report here on two asymptomatic cases that were diagnosed by performing chest CT.
Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic* ; Omentum ; Pleural Effusion* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and relationship with depression and social disability. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of 35 panic disorder patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-IV. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism, Beck Depression Inventory and Sheehan Disability Scale. Statistics employed for the analyses were Pearson correlation and independent sample t-test. RESULTS: In personality factors and defense mechanisms, there were no definitely abnormal range of scores. But, among personality factors, tension/anxiety factor scored high and unstableness/stableness, shyness/boldness and praxernia/atunia were in low range of score. In defense mechanism, somaticzation and acting-out scored high and humor, suppression, altruism, avoidance and rationalization scored low. The mean BDI score was 18.25+/-9.97. The mean score of SDS were 4.88+/-3.11 in work category and 4.57+/-2.92 in social/leasure category. Male patients were significantly correlated with guit-proneness and atuia in personality factor and passive- aggressiveness, projection, denial and show-off in defense mechanism, compared with female patients (p<0.05). The patients' age was correlated with low intelligence in persolity factor and dissociation and anticipation in defense mechanism. It was negatively correlated with show-off (p<0.05). The BDI score was correlated with low intelligence, superego, unstableness, self-conflict, high superego and atunia in personality factor and dissociation and somatization in defense mechanism (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between BDI score and SDS work category (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Panic disorder patients show high score of tension/anxiety factor and they frequently use neurotic defense style like somatization. The depressive symptom, which depends on symptom severity, appears to have influence on work category and to cause social disability.
Altruism ; Defense Mechanisms ; Denial (Psychology) ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rationalization ; Superego

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and to compare the difference between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of 28 social phobia patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-IV. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism. We employed was the independent sample t-test for the analysis. RESULT: Among the personality factor, the shyness/boldness factor scored lower than normal in social phobia patients. Humor drfense scored lower than normal among defense mechanisms. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia in personality factors and defense mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Social phobia patients were shier and less frequently used humor defense than the ordinary people. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients in personality factors and defense mechanisms.
Defense Mechanisms ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Phobic Disorders* ; Surveys and Questionnaires