The authors analysed 261 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia in children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Seoul Adventist Hospital between July 1986 and June 1991. The result obtained were as follows; 1) Yearly distribution of the cases showed high in 1987 and 1991, but no significant difference was noted in seasonally or monthly distribution. 2) The peak incidence of age was between 2 and 6 years of age, and the sex ratio of boy to girl was 1.1:1. 3) pulmonary manifestations were asthma in 21 cases (8.0%), atelectasis in 5 cases (1.9%), emphysema in 3 cases (1.2%), pleural effusion in 16 cases (6.1%), otitis media in 4 cases (1.2%) and sinusitis in 9 cases (3.4%). 4) Extrapulmonary complication were hepatitis in 53 cases (20.3%), skin rash in 9 cases (2.4%), proteinuria in 6 cases (2.3%), and hematuria in 4 cases (1.5%). 5) On the chest X-ray examination, the most common type of pneumonia was interstitial pneumonia (94 cases, 39.8%), and unilateral involvement was common (85.6%), and the most common involvement was right lower lobe (83 cases, 41.4%). 6) The relationship between the type of pneumonia and cold agglutinini titer, and between the type of pneumonia and Mycoplasma antibody titer were not found (P>0.05). 7) In the 16 cases of pleural effusion, The type of pneumonia was lobar, lobular (9 cases), bronchopneumonia (7 cases), and interstitial type was not present. The site of pneumonia was left (6 cases), right (9 cases), and 1 case showed bilatrality. The extent of pleural effusion was mild (10 cases), moderate (3 cases), and severe (3 cases). The result of pleural fluid exam in severe cases was all exudate. 8) The mean duration of admission was most common from 6 to 10 days. the mean duration of admission by the type of pneumonia was lobar, lobar (10.71+/-3.40), interstitial (8.78+/-2.14), and bronchopneumonia (8.83+/-2.47). 9) Both mycoplasma antibody test and cold agglutinin test were carried out in 185 cases and sensitivity of mycoplasma antibody test was 55.1%.
Asthma ; Bronchopneumonia ; Child* ; Emphysema ; Exanthema ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Male ; Mycoplasma* ; Otitis Media ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Proteinuria ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Sinusitis ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Nasal Polyps*

No abstract available.

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of obesity, eating habits and life styles of children. This survey was carried out anthropometry and questionnaires in 180 male and 141 female students of fifth-grade at Dongmak elementary school. The results are summarized as follows : 1)18.2% of the male and 19.3% of female students were obese. Underweight group was 10.5% of the male and 15.0% of the female students. 2) Average height of male and female students were 142.0 cm, 144.0 cm and weight of those were 35.8 kg and 37.1 kg respectively. The height and skinfold thickness of the triceps in female students were significantly higher than those of male students and body fat content in female students was significantly lower than that of male students. There was no difference in BMI, RW and RI between male and female students. The average BMI, RW, RI were 17.7, 25.4, 124.0, respectively. 3) The student's height was positively related to parent's height and moth's weight. There were significantly positive correlation between mother's and subject's weight. BMI, RW and RI were positively related to parent's BMI. 4) 78.3% of male and 51.8% of female students had prejudice for special food, and 45.5% of male and 34.5% of female students had an overeating habit. Male students had significanthy higher rate than female in both cases. Average eating time per meal was 18.9 minutes for male and 21.0 minutes for female students. Experience for taking nutrient supplement in male student was more than that in female. Obese group had prejudice for special food, overeating habit and rapid eating rate more than any other groups. The prevalence of obesity among the children is gradually increasing. Therefore, in order to prevent progress into adulthood obesity, nutrition education including the right perception for obesity and eating behavior modification was needed.
Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry ; Child ; Eating* ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Incheon* ; Life Style* ; Male ; Meals ; Obesity* ; Prejudice ; Prevalence* ; Skinfold Thickness ; Thinness ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Lawsonia intracellularis is not culturable with a standard bacteriologic culture. One step PCR assay as a clinical diagnostic method was developed for the rapid detection of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE) caused by L. intracellularis. Primers were designed based on the p78 DNA clone of L. intracellularis. The one step PCR resulted in the formation of a specific 210-bp DNA product derived from L. intracellularis. The nonspecific amplification product was not detected with swine genomic DNA or other bacterial strains causing similar symptoms to L. intracellularis infection. The one step PCR was as sensitive as 100 pg of L. intracellularis genomic DNA. We applied this method to field specimens diagnosed as PPE by macroscopic observation. Of 17 mucosal scraping specimens, 16(94%) were identified as positive to PPE and 15(88%) of 17 feces specimens. These results suggest that the one step PCR can be used as a rapid diagnostic method for L. intracellularis infection.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary ; Ileum/microbiology/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/pathology ; Lawsonia Bacteria/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) has a variety of localized or systemic manifestations. Among them, Cerebrovascular dysplasia can be very rare finding of neurofibromatosis which can be very rarely seen. Here we report a case of 17-year-old boy representing bilateral giant fusiform aneurysms of extracranial internal carotid arteries and intracranial aneurysms of left middle cerebral artery. He showed no related symptoms at all, but screening for vascular lesions and close monitoring is warranted in NF-1 patients considering that it can be symptomatic unexpectedly.
Adolescent ; Aneurysm ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Mass Screening ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

A self-etching primer that combines the etchant and primer in one chemical compound saves time and should be more cost-effective to the clinician and patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a self-etching primer by measuring shear bond strengths according to various conditions and observing adhesive failure patterns. For this investigation, 120 upper and lower premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used and randomly divided into six groups of twenty teeth each. Human premolars were embedded in a metal cylinder with orthodontic resin. Metal brackets and ceramic brackets were bonded with XT primer and self-etching primer by means of XT adhesive. Upon curing, plasma arc light and visible light were used. After bonding, the shear bond strength was tested by Instron universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive that remained on the tooth after debonding was measured by stereoscope and assessed with an adhesive remnant index. The results were as follows: 1. When brackets were bonded, if other conditions remained the same, there was no significant difference in shear bond strength due to the type of primer - either self-etching primer or XT primer. 2. When metal brackets were bonded, there was no significant difference in shear bond strength according to the source of light - plasma arc light or visible light - and type of primer. 3. There was a very significant difference in shear bond strength according to the type of brackets - metal or ceramic brackets. The shear bond strength of ceramic brackets was stronger than metal brackets. 4. When the adhesive failure patterns of metal brackets bonded with self-etching primer were observed by using the adhesive remnant index, the bond failure of the metal bracket occurred more frequently at the bracket-adhesive. The failure of the ceramic bracket, however, occurred more frequently at the enamel-adhesive interface. The adhesive failure patterns of metal brackets bonded with XT primer observed the same patterns. The above results suggest that self-etching primer can be clinically useful for bonding the brackets without fear of a decrease in shear bond strength.
Adhesives* ; Bicuspid ; Ceramics ; Humans ; Light ; Plasma ; Tooth

Sometimes, it is difficult to distinguish Churg-Strauss syndrome from idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and there may be overlap syndrome in the differential diagnosis of systemic vasculitis with hypereosinophilia. Recently, we experienced a 42-year-old female patient who presented signs and symptoms of cardiac failure and neuropathy with peripheral hypereosinophilia. She had no history of asthma. She had erythematous skin lesions and distal digit necrosis. The cause of hypereosinophilia could not be identified. Skin and nerve biopsy revealed vasculitis with eosinophilic infiltration. Cardiac failure improved dramatically with steroid, inotropics and diuretics. Other symptoms including digital necrosis also improved. During steroid, tapering peripheral eosinophilia recurred. For maintenance therapy, we added daily cyclophosphamide to every-other-day prednisolone therapy. We report the case with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Asthma ; Biopsy ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diuretics ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Necrosis ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between somatostatinergic tone (SST) and the size of growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary tumors. GH levels of 29 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were measured using a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an insulin tolerance test (ITT), and an octreotide suppression test (OST). Differences between GH levels during the ITT and the OGTT (DeltaGH(IO)), and between the OGTT and the OST at the same time point (DeltaGH(OS)) were compared according to the size of the tumor and the response pattern to the OST. DeltaGH(IO) of macroadenomas (n=22) was non-significantly higher than those of microadenomas while DeltaGH(OS) of macroadenomas were significantly higher than those of microadenomas. According to further analyses of macroadenomas based on the response pattern to the OST, GH levels during the ITT were significantly higher in non-responders. DeltaGH(OS) showed near-significant differences between responders and non-responders. In conclusion, as the size of the pituitary tumor increases, the effect of glucose on SST appears to be attenuated. Macroadenomas that are non-responders to the OST possess a portion of GH secretion exceeding the range of regulation by SST.
Acromegaly/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Adenoma/drug therapy/*pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Human Growth Hormone/*blood/secretion ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Octreotide/therapeutic use ; Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy/*pathology

Purpose: To analyze topographic progression of geographic atrophy with different concentric circles centered on the fovea in correlation with decrease of visual acuity. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 36 eyes of 26 patients diagnosed with geographic atrophy and followed at least 1 year. One millimeter circular area at the foveal center were defined as zone 1, and doughnut shape areas from between 1 and 2 mm to between 5 and 6 mm were defined as zone 2 to 6. Then, changes of geographic atrophy area in each zone were measured with semi-automatic software. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to determine the relationship between changes in visual acuity and atrophic area in each zone. Results: Mean age was 76.9 years and follow-up period were 3.38 years. The mean atrophic area increased from 8.09 to 16.34 mm2 and visual acuity decreased from 0.39 to 0.69 on logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. Mean change of total geographic atrophy area was not significantly correlated with visual acuity decrease. While geographic atrophy progression within zone 1, 2, and 3 showed significant causal relationship with decrease of visual acuity (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions In contrast to the total geographic atrophy area, progression of geographic atrophy in parafoveal area was significantly correlated with decrease of visual acuity.