Wallerian degeneration is well known as the anterograde degeneration of axon and their accompanying myelin sheath from injury to the proximal portion of the axon or its cell body. The most common cause of wallerian degeneration is cerebral infarction. Authors experienced three patients with old hemispheric infarct with typical wallerian degeneration in the brain stem, which was demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two cases and CT in one case. This report demonstrates the wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract on the MRI and CT with the brief review of the literatures.
Axons ; Brain Stem ; Brain* ; Cell Body ; Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelin Sheath ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Wallerian Degeneration*

The CT findings of the acute cerebral infarction are well known. However the CT findings of early stroke within 24 hours of the onset have not been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early acute cerebral infarction on CT within 24 hours after ictus. The early and accurate CT diagnosis could lead to the appropriate therapy and improved outcome of the patients. Authors retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with early acute cerebral infarction. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed by follow-up CT in 11 patients, SPECT in 4 patients, and MRI in 1 patient. The CT findings of early acute cerebral infarction include effacement of cortical sulci or cistern (n=16, 100%), hyperattenuation of MCA (n=3), obscuration of lentiform nucleus (n=6), loss of insular ribbon (n=6) and subtle low density in hemisphere (n=5). The most frequent findings was effacement of cortical sulci in our study, and it was though to be the most important sign of early acute cerebral infarction.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Corpus Striatum ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution and measurement of compressive and tensile stress when intrusi- on arch wire is forced engage with upper canine and to analysis stress at each section through FEM. And we compare compressive and tensile ratio at each section. The results were as follows. 1. At FA point and cemento-enamel junction of upper canine, compressive and tensile force ratio is about the same. 2. At apex, compressive force is the four times as tensile force. ; In intrusion, we show root resorption at apex. 3. At Cemento-enamel junction, the compressive and tensile force show the maximun value except FA point.
Root Resorption

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Child* ; Dislocations* ; Hip* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Esophageal Atresia* ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula*

No abstract available.
Arthritis*

Computed body tomography has become useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. It was found to be are liable, often specific, and noninvasive method for detecting pancreatitis and extra-pancreatic extension of the pathology. Of eight hundred and seventy-two cases studied for abdominal pathology with EMI-CT 5005 whole body scanner form Oct. 1977 to August 1980, 21 cases were confirmed to be pancreatitis clinically or operatively. The authors reviewed the CT findings of the above cases and the results were as follows; 1. Among twenty-one cases, the acute pancreatitis was 12 cases and the chronic pancreatitis was 9 cases. The sex ratio as 17 males to females. 2. In acute pancreatitis, diffuse enlargement of pancreas (11/12), focal enlargement (1/12), loss of peripancreatic fat plane (9/12), thickening of anterior of pararenal fascia (6/12), and smooth margin ofpancreas (5/12) were observed. 3. In chronic pancreatitis, parenchymal atrophy (7/9), normal size (2/9), loss of peripancreatic fat plane (3/9), thickening of anterior pararenal fascia (1/9), calcification (1/9), smooth margin (2/9), and serrated margin (6/9) were observed. 4. The complications were associated with 7 cases of acute pancreatitis and 1 case of chronic pancreatitis; pseudocyst (6), abscess (2), and fat necrosis (3), The sites of the pseudocyst were lesser sac (2), anterior pararenal space (2), posterior pararenal space (1), subhepatic region (1), greater omentum (1), and intrapancreatic region (2). All of them were associated with acute pancreatitis except one in chronic pancreatitis.
Abscess ; Atrophy ; Diagnosis ; Fascia ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Omentum ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Pathology ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Sex Ratio

The purpose of this study was fourfold - to evaluate the general laws of friction applied to orthodontic conditions, to compare archwire materials under these controlled conditions, to compare ligation method, and to measure the effect of the artificial saliva on friction with these materials Three wire alloys (Cobalt-chromium, Nickel-titanium, Beta-titanium) in two size wires (.016", .016"x.022") were examined respect to the bracket (.018"x.025" standard), and two ligature material (stainless steel, elastomeric) in dry and wet conditions The results were as follows, 1. The order of frictional force against alloy materials was Co-Cr (lowest), Ni-Ti, and beta-Ti(highest) - with the exception of elastomeric ligation under wet conditions. 2. S.S. ligation gave rise to significantly greater friction than elastomeric ligation did. 3. Testing in the presence of saliva, rather than in dry conditions, decreased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti,beta-Ti. but, increased the frictional force for S.S. ligation with .016"x .022" Co-Cr, Ni-Ti, beta-Ti. 4. .016"x.022 "wire generated more friction than .016" wire.
Alloys ; Elastomers ; Friction* ; Jurisprudence ; Ligation* ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Saliva ; Saliva, Artificial ; Steel

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of FLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery) MR imaging in cerebral infarction by comparing its results with those of T2-weighted spin-echo imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated fast FLAIR images and conventional spin echo images of 82 patients (47 men and 20 women; median age 60.9 years) with cerebral infarction. MR imaging used a 1.5T MR unit with conventional T2 (TR 3900, TE 90) and fast FLAIR sequence (TR 8000, TE 105, TI 2400). We analysed the size of the main lesion and number of lesions, and discrimination between old and new lesions and between small infarction and perivascular space. RESULTS: When T2-weighted and FLAIR imaging were compared, the latter showed that the main lesion was larger in 38 cases (46%), similar in 38 (46%), and smaller in six (7%). The number of lesions was greater in 23 cases (28%), similar in 52 (63%), and fewer in seven (9%). FLAIR images discriminated between old and new lesions in 31 cases ; perivascular space and small infartion were differentiated in eight cases, and CSF inflowing artifact was observed in 66 (80%). CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis of cerebral infaretion, fast FLAIR provides images that are equal or superior to T2-weighted images. The fast FLAIR sequence may therefore be used as a part of routine MR brain study in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.
Artifacts ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

In order to evaluate the components of the proliferative membranes in the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 8 proliferative membranes obtained from 8 eyes with ROP stage 5 during lensectomy, vitrectomy and delamination of membrane were examined under electron mIcroscopy. Among the 8 proliferative membranes of ROP, fibrous astrocytes, myofibroblasts, lymphocytes, macrophages, calcifications were respectively found in 2 cases, vascular tissues in 4 cases and abundant collagen matrix in 7 cases. While in the 2 cases with fibrous astrocytic proliferations the membranes were hypercellular, in the other 6 cases the membranes were hypocellular and mainly composed of collagen matrix.
Astrocytes ; Collagen ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Membranes* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myofibroblasts ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Vitrectomy