When the bones of a human being are excavated, the teeth in particular can be a great help in distinguishing the sex of the person because they remain unchanged in terms of physical and chemical characteristics. We measured mesiodistal diameters of the crown of teeth and faciolingual diameters of the crown of teeth of 215 adult dental casts (male 109; female 106) and teeth of the 166 cadavers (male 127; female 39). Among these samples, we made use of only measurement values with statistical significance to obtain discriminant functions by discriminant analysis and to verify this study. Fifty one discriminant functions are obtained through several combinations of independent variables so that they can be applied to the bones of human being found in archaeological excavations. Among them, only 34 functions have the statistical significance, showing the correct classification from 64.5 to 89.8%. The other 17 functions are excluded from the discriminant analysis on the basis of Box's M value and Wilks' Lambda value. Among these 34 functions, only 8 functions with high classification accuracy are tested. They show the correct classification from 62.8 to 84.6%. The highest classification accuracy can be achieved when all of the lower teeth (I1 to PM2) are used. The functions from the canine tooth of the lower jaw have high potential usefulness because they can be applied to a variety of materials.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Classification ; Crowns ; Cuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Heat therapy by heat lamp after microvascular surgery is being used for preventing blood vessels's contraction and blood-flow's disturbance. As usually, incandescent lamp has been used. But there have been several problems and need for improvement in the existing heat lamp treatment. So we would like to introduce improved heat lamp to keep an appropriate temperature and intensity of illumination. METHODS: The existing heat lamps are the ones of general light stands covered with newspaper, having 60 watt light bulb of incandescence and lampshade made of aluminum. We have tried to improve shortcomings of the existing heat lamps by enlarging the size of aluminum lampshade and attaching a curtain that can block heat and light. We conducted a comparative study between the existing and improved heat lamps. Under the assumption that there are several affected parts, we have also measured the distance from heat lamp to patients' eye region and then intensity of illumination. RESULT: The target temperature of surface was realized in 11 minutes with the maximum temperature reaching at 36.6 degrees C in 28 minutes at the existing heat lamp while the target temperature reached in 7 minutes with the maximum temperature reaching at 39.0 degrees C in 17 minutes at the improved heat lamp. The existing and improved heat lamp showed 38 lx and 0.1 lx of intensity of lumination, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using improved heat lamps, we can keep an appropriate temperature and we think we can make contribution to patients' treatment by making them and their neighbors able to sleep with minimized disturbance thanks to low intensity of illumination secured by blocking light.
Aluminum ; Contracts ; Eye ; Hot Temperature ; Incandescence ; Light ; Lighting ; Periodicals ; Spasm

PURPOSE: Hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgeons often must make decisions regarding hepatic artery (HA) resection while performing major HPB surgery. The purpose of this report was to review and summarize HA resection experience with a focus on vascular preservation during major HPB surgery and to develop a useful algorithm in dealing with these needs. METHODS: We reviewed 1,324 cases that had available computed tomographic and angiographic findings and summarized the problematic HA variations encountered in major HPB surgery. In reviewing our series and previous studies, we have created a set of guidelines that enables a pragmatic approach to the unique variations in HA and the risks of cancer invasion. RESULTS: Challenging HA variations during major HPB surgery were found in 25.7% of the cases and included variations of common HA from superior mesenteric artery (SMA), gastroduodenal artery (GDA), aorta, celiaco-mesenteric (CM) trunk or left gastric artery (LGA) (3.70%), the variations of the right HA from SMA, GDA, aorta, celiac axis (CA) including CM trunk or LGA (12.76%), the variations of the left HA from LGA, CA or GDA (4.46%), and the mixed types of the aberrant left medial HA and/or left lateral HA and/or right anterior HA and/or right posterior HA (2.11%). CONCLUSION: Surgeons should have knowledge of the anatomically variable vasculature of the HA when planning for major HPB surgery. Preoperative imaging studies can aid and should be performed in anticipation of potential HA variations during major HPB surgery.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Hepatic Artery ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior

The present study investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone (FQ)/quinolone (Q) resistance in Escherichia (E.) coli isolates from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners. A total of 63 E. coli isolates were collected from 104 anal swab samples, and 27 nalidixic acid (NA)-resistant isolates were identified. Of those, 10 showed ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance. A plasmid-mediated Q resistance gene was detected in one isolate. Increased efflux pump activity, as measured by organic solvent tolerance assay, was detected in 18 NA-resistant isolates (66.7%), but was not correlated with an increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Target gene mutations in Q resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were the main cause of (FQ)Q resistance in E. coli. Point mutations in QRDRs were detected in all NA-resistant isolates, and the number of mutations was strongly correlated with increased MIC (R = 0.878 for NA and 0.954 for CIP). All CIP-resistant isolates (n = 10) had double mutations in the gyrA gene, with additional mutations in parC and parE. Interestingly, (FQ)Q resistance mechanisms in isolates from companion animals were the same as those in humans. Therefore, prudent use of (FQ)Q in veterinary medicine is warranted to prevent the dissemination of (FQ)Q-resistant bacteria from animals to humans.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Ciprofloxacin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Friends* ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nalidixic Acid ; Pets* ; Point Mutation ; Prevalence ; Quinolones ; Veterinary Medicine