No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Antibody Formation* ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Mice* ; Poly I-C*

OBJECTIVES: Psychoeducation is an important factor in the treatment of chronic mental illness that increases drug compliance, then prevents relapse of illness, and brings the patient a progress of social function and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of psychoeducation on relapse of schizophrenic patients. METHODS: Checklist including 33 items was applied to 97 schizophrenic patients that had been treated at Seoul National Mental Hospital. The subject was divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 47 cases that were not treated consistently more than 6 months in outpatient department and required at least 3 time hospital treatment. The control group consisted of 50 cases that were treated consistently in outpatient department at least 3 consecutive years. RESULTS: The experimental group had significant differences in terms of deficiency of insight such as denial of disease or relapse, subjective experience of drug side effect, whether or not taking drug and they had higher negative attitude to therapist. Many schizophrenic patients reported that they had not been educated thoroughly about disease, drug, and prognosis. 46.8% in experimental group and 46.0% in control group did not recognized necessity of psychoeducation. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that we need the necessity of psychoeducation in terms of the relationship between the relapse of illness and psychoeducation. However, considering that we did not have an extensive study about psychoeducation and compliance, we need more improved study.
Checklist ; Compliance ; Denial (Psychology) ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence* ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: The propose of this study was to identify the level of medical technologists' perception of and compliance with hospital infection control guidelines. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for 65 medical technologists working at three university hospitals in Seoul and Kyunggi areas. The questionnaire was composed of 34 questions on the general characteristics (14 items) of individual responders and about infection control guidelines (20 items). Their response was marked on the basis of 5 points for each question. RESULTS: The mean scores of the perception of and compliance with the infection control guidelines were 4.62+/-0.34 and 3.85+/-0.42, respectively. The female technologists scored significantly higher than did the male counterparts in the participation level of the infection control guidelines (P<0.05). The medical technologists who had participated in an infection control educational program were more likely than those who had not to show a higher compliance level on the infection control guidelines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the development of infection control educational programs for medical technologists and a supportive policy of the hospital administration should contribute to the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Compliance* ; Cross Infection* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospital Administration ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Male ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Mycoplasma Infections* ; Mycoplasma*

No abstract available.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Child* ; Humans

In order to compare the accuracy of impression technique using the addition silicone putty and improved heavy body material, impression were taken for the natural 6 maxillary anterior teeth, and for the metal mast model that has full arch shape with 4 cylindrical abutment teeth, Marginal gingiva was retracted by routine method using retraction cord, and two techniques were tried to compare the length of impression materials in the gingival sulcus. This was aimed to see the effect of viscosity and hydraulic pressure of impression materials for the subgingival impression. Impressions for the full arch-shaped metal master model were taken to compare the linear stability of the different impression materials and their related techniques. The conclusions were as belows : 1. The one-step impression technique showed longer extension of impression material in gingival sulcus than two-step impression technique. 2. High viscosity and hydraulic pressure of impression material were useful to take subgingival impression. 3. There was no statistically significant difference for the two-dimensional accuracy of impression technique, but two-step technique showed better trend than one-step technique.
Gingiva ; Silicones ; Tooth ; Viscosity

This study was focused on the distribution of different facial types of the Class II division 1 malocclusion groups and skeletal characteristics of the each group and those that anteropsterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible calculated from the analysis of ANB angle and Wits appraisal was quite different from each other, as well. Cephalometric headplates of 140 persons of Class II division 1 malocclusion whose mean age was 11.2 years and 69 persons of normal occlusion whose mean age was 12.2 years were utilized as materials. Measurements were recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed employing the tracings of the lateral cephalograms, then Class II division 1 malocclusion group was divided into 9 Types according to the angle of SNA and SNB for the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible, another 9 Types according to the FH-NPog and SN-MP for the horizontal and vertical relationship, and the other 9 Types according to the ANB and Wits appraisal for intermaxillary relationship as well, with which was based on Mean+/- 1SD of those of normal occlusion. The result allowed the following conclusion: 1. 37.1 % of population demonstrated maxilla within normal range and retrognathic mandible to the cranial base, 30% for both maxilla and mandible within normal range, 20% for retrognathic maxilla and mandible and 12.9 % of the rest were arranged in Class II division 1 malocclusion groups. 2. Retrognathic mandible and hyperdivergent face accounted for 30.7 %, mesognathic mandible and neutrodivergent face for 29.3 %, mesognathic mandible and hyperdivergent face for 16.4 %, retrognathic mandible and neutrodivergent face for 13.6 %, mesognathic mandible and hypodivergent face for 10% of population were computed in Class II division 1 malocclusion groups. 3. It was suggested that skeletal Class II malocclusion might be due to anomaly in size and shape of cranial base, underdevelopment of mandible, retropositioning of mandible, underdevelopment of posterior face against anterior face, or any combination of these factors. 4. Population with underdevelopment and/or retropositioning of the mandible showed hyperdivergent tendency of facial profile. 5. The ANB angle and Wits appraisal did not coincide the severity of anteroposterior dysplasia in 35.7% of Class II division 1 malocclusion group each other, and this inconsistency was suggested to be related with mandibular rotation, inclination of cranial base, and anteroposterior position of the maxilla.
Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Reference Values ; Skull Base

The purpose of this study was to compare bracket shear bond strengths of th crystal growth solutions wi those of the 37% phosphoric acid etch technique. The 4 crystal growth solutions were made experimentally in th lab, that is (1)30% polyacrylic acid solution containing 0.3 M sulfuric acid (ES 1), (2)30% polyacrylic acid solution containing 0.6 M solution acid (ES 2), (3)30% polyacrylic acid solution containing 0.3 M solution acid and 0.6M lithium sulfate(ES 3), (4)30% polyacrylic acid solution containing 0.3 M solution acid and 5% phosphoric acid (ES 4). The 37% phosphoric acid solution used as a control. Bovine lower incisor tooth enamel was treated by the above solutions for 60 sec, washed out for 20 sec with slow water stream, and bonded lower anterior edgewise bracket with the light curing orthodontic composit resin adhesives. The teeth bonded brackets were stored in the distilled water at room temperature for 24h, and followed to test the bracket shear bond strength. The acid etch technique showed 177.6kg/cm(2) of mean shear bond strength which was the highest among the enamel treatment solutions. ES 1 shown 58.4 kg/cm(2) of mead shear bond strength and the of ES 4 showed 66.5 kg/cm(2). There was no significant difference between the two(p>0.05). Es 2 showed 110.6kg/cm(2) of mean shear bond strength which was 62.3% of that of acid etch technique. ES 3 showed 131.3kg/cm(2) of mead shear bond strength which was the highest among experimental crystal growth solution and which was 74% of that of acid etch technique. The shear bond strengths of the crystal growth solutions and were significantly lower that that of acid etch technique(p<0.05). The results suggest that bracket shear bond strength of 30% polyacrylic acid solution containing 0.3M sulfuric acid and 0.6M lithium sulfate were showed the highest, it is low for the clinical application of this solution.
Adhesives ; Crystallization* ; Dental Enamel ; Incisor ; Lithium ; Rivers ; Sulfur ; Tooth ; Water

A number of nontumorous diseases may affect the trachea and main-stem bronchi, and their nonspecific symptoms may include coughing, dyspnea, wheezing and stridor. The clinical course is often long-term and a misdiagnosis of bronchial asthma is common. The imaging findings of these nontumorous conditions are, however, relatively characteristic, and diagnosis either without or in conjunction with clinical information is often possible. For specific diagnosis, recognition of their imaging features is therefore of prime importance. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate the imaging features of various nontumorous conditions involving the trachea and main-stem bronchi.
Asthma ; Bronchi* ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Dyspnea ; Respiratory Sounds ; Trachea*