No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Krukenberg Tumor*

Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainge is a useful method of palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction with respect to safety, rapidity in decompression of obstruction. However, despite of efforts to prolong patency of the stents, the main long term complication of current-widely used plastic endoprosthesis is to tendency for the stents to become clogged by sludge leading to recurrent jaundice and cholangitis, finally, obstruction of stents. Recently, in an effort to improve the patency of stent, variety of self-expandable metallic endoprosthesis have developed and which can be compressed into and inserted through small lumen catheter with large-bored lumen in expandable state. However, most of these open mesh of self-expandable stents allows tumor in growth which causes reobstruction, and additionally it is nearly impossible to retrieve the inserted prosthesis. Recently developed coil metal stent(Endocoil, Intent Co.), which, unlikely other previous metallic stent, has possibility of retrieving prosthesis and prevention of tumor ingrowth. We experienced a case of 52-year old male sufferd from malignant biliary obstruction due to recurrence of cancer at peripancreatic lymph nodes and combined with common bile duct stones on both proximal and distal side of the stricture, in whom Endocoil was implanted with sucessful decompression of obstruction and simultaneous removal of biliary stones located at both side of stricture.
Catheters ; Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Decompression ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palliative Care ; Plastics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Recurrence ; Sewage ; Stents*

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy value of breakfast and its relation to total daily nutrient intake and serum lipid. Dietary intakes were evaluated through the 3-day dietary recalls(interview for 1day and self-report for 2 days) from 333 Korean urban adults aged 20-49 year. Serum lipids in fasting blood samples were measured form 98 of those 333 adults. Low energy breakfast(<15% of daily energy intake) was consumed by 22.6% of males and 18.5% of females. 59.4 of males and 43.3% of females consumed a breakfast of average energy intake(15-25% daily energy intake) ; and 18.1 of males and 38.2% of females consumed a significant contribution to a total daily nutrient intake. The daily nutrient intake except crude fiber and vitamin A, B, B, and C in males and except vitamin C in females significantly increased as the energy value of breakfast increased. The differences in energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were not made up for by other meals. To make matters worse, the satisfactory-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast groups in females. Among serum lipid parameters, TG was negatively correlated with energy provided at breakfast, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a negative correlation with energy and carbohydrates provided at breakfast in males. For females TG was positively correlated with the ratio of carbohydrates to energy at breakfast but negatively correlated with the ratio of fat to energy at breakfast. These results suggest that satisfactory energy intakes at breakfast have positive effects on the adequacy of daily nutrient intake and may positively affect the serum lipid status.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast* ; Carbohydrates ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Vitamin A

The purpose of this study was to develop of nutritional education activities and effect evaluation in related curriculums for all Dongbu Elementary School children in Jinhae by the teacher in charge. This educational purpose was to build a desirable dietary behavior for optimal growth and health in elementary school children. The educational program contents were developed according to 1) selection of content related curriculums 2) analysis of contents related on dietary habits by grade 3) preparation teaching plans to build desirable dietary habits 4) development of teaching manual by turns. Twelve hours of nutrition education at all school classes were done from March 2 to December 10 2004 in Dongbu Elementary School in Jinhae, Gyeongnam. The education effects were evaluated through the questionnaire surveys before and after the education and their comparative analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows : Forty percent of the underweight group, 22.8% of the normal group, 42.2% of the obese group had the wrong perceptions on their body figures, but after nutrition education 80.5% of the underweight group, 94.3% of the normal group, 97.9% of the obese group gleaned the correct perceptions on their body figures (p<0.001). As the effects of the education, the subjects who exercise more than 3 times in a week increased in all groups (p<0.01 - 0.001), notably in the obese group. Meal regularity (p<0.001), skipping meals (p<0.001), eating rate and snack selection patterns (p<0.01 - p<0.001) also improved by nutrition education. We could also observe the effects of the nutrition education through the affirmative statements which appeared in their dietary records. These results showed a possibility of nutrition education activities in related curriculums to improve in dietary habits of school children. Next year, we will start with the system of nutrition teachers in elementary school, but nutrition teacher cannot undertake the task of teaching and food service management alone. Because of that, we intend to develop this program as an alternative proposal for the nutrition education in elementary schools.
Child* ; Curriculum* ; Diet Records ; Eating ; Education* ; Food Habits* ; Food Services ; Humans ; Meals ; Snacks ; Thinness

This study was carried out to investigate among adolescents (total = 729) the relationship between their self-esteem, body-cathexis, their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies, their anthropometric characteristics, their perceptions of their body shapes and their experiences with weight control. The results are summarized as follows: The mean values for self-esteem and body-cathexis were generally low, but these values were significantly higher among boys than girls (p < 0.01 - 0.001). However the mean values for their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies were relatively high and were significantly higher among girls than boys (p < 0.01). The mean values for Percent Ideal Body Weight (PIBW) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were normal and no significant differences between the genders were observed. The distribution of the PIBW and the BMI values showed a higher rate for normal weights among the girlsand a higher rate for underweightedness and obesity among the boys (p < 0.01). With regard to their perception of their body image, among the boys, their current figures were almost identical with their idea of an ideal figure, but among the girls, their idea of an ideal figure was thinner than their current figure. The girls were more dissatisfied with their own body image than the boys (p < 0.001). Fifty-four percent of the subjects had previous weight control experience, and the girls had significantly more experience than the boys (p < 0.001). Their main reason for practising weight control was to lose weight (65.3%). Those who had more weight control experience had lower satisfaction with their body shapes, higher PIBW, higher BMIs or currently had fatter figures. Their standard image of their figures was influenced by TV (40.3%) and friends (36.9%). There was a weakly positive correlation between their self-esteem and their satisfaction with their body shapes, and a weakly negative correlation between their satisfaction with their body shapes and their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies. These results suggest the necessity for an educational program for adolescents as to foster a positive body image. Such a program should consider psychological factors such as selfesteem, satisfaction with body shape and attitudes toward the importance of the body
Adolescent* ; Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Obesity ; Psychology ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the effects of static culture, dynamic culture, and the combination of dynamic culture with specialized surfaces involving co-culture on human embryonic development. Embryos cultured using conventional static culture (SC) techniques served as a control group. We compared dynamic culture using micro-vibration culture (MVC) and micro-vibration with co-culture (MCoC), in which autologous cumulus cells were used as a specialized surface. METHODS: We conducted a chart review of patients who were treated between January 2011 and November 2014 in order to compare embryonic development rates and pregnancy rates among the groups. Zygotes were cultured in micro-droplets, and embryos were subsequently selected for transfer. Some surplus embryos were cryopreserved, and the others were cultured for blastocyst development. A micro-vibrator was set at the frequency of 42 Hz for duration of 5 seconds per 60 minutes to facilitate embryo development. RESULTS: No significant differences among the groups were present in patient's characteristics. However, the clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the MVC group and the MCoC group than in the SC group. No significant differences were found in the blastocyst development rate between the SC group and the MVC group, but the blastocyst development rate in the MCoC group was significantly higher than in the SC and MVC groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly increased by the application of micro-vibration to the embryonic cultures of poor responders. The blastocyst development rate was significantly increased by the application of MCoC to surplus embryos.
Blastocyst ; Coculture Techniques* ; Cumulus Cells ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Zygote

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles according to the hatching status of frozen-thawed blastocysts. METHODS: Frozen-thawed blastocysts were divided into three groups according to their hatching status as follows: less-than-expanded blastocyst (≤EdB), hatching blastocyst (HgB), and hatched blastocyst (HdB). The female age and infertility factors of each group were evaluated. The quality of the single frozen-thawed blastocyst was also graded as grade A, tightly packed inner cell mass (ICM) and many cells organized in the trophectoderm epithelium (TE); grade B, several and loose ICM and TE; and grade C, very few ICM and a few cells in the TE. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were compared between each group. The data were analyzed by either t-test or chi-square analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in average female ages, infertility factors, or the distribution of blastocyst grades A, B, and C in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of each group according to their blastocyst grade. However, there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate between each group. In the HdB group, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were similar regardless of the blastocyst quality. CONCLUSION: There was an effect on the clinical outcomes depending on whether the blastocyst hatched during single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, the hatching status of the frozen-thawed blastocyst may be a more important parameter for clinical outcomes than the quality of the frozen-thawed blastocyst.
Blastocyst* ; Embryo Transfer* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies* ; Single Embryo Transfer ; Vitrification

No abstract available.
Animals ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

In order to assess the effects of radiofrequency-induced local hyperthermia on the normal liver, histopathologic findings and biochemical changes after localized hyperthemia in canine liver were studied. Hyperthermia was externally administered using the Thermotron RF-8 (Yamamoto Vinyter Co., Japan; Capacitive type heating machine) with parallel opposed electrodes. Thirteen dogs were used and allocated into one control group (N=3) and two treatment groups according to the treatment temperature. GroupI(N=5) was heated with 42.5+/-0.5degree C for 30 minutes, and GroupII(N=5) was heated with 45+/-0.5degree C for 15-30 minutes. Samples of liver tissue were obtained through a needle biopsy immediately afterhyperthermia and 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment and examined for SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase. Although SGOT and SGPT were elevated after hyperthermia in both groups (three of five in each group), there was no liver cell necrosis or hyperthermia related mortality in GroupI. A hydropic swelling of hepatocytes was prominent histologic finding. Hyperthermia with 45degree C for 30 minutes was fatal and showed extensive liver cell necrosis. In conclusion, liver damage day heat of 42.5+/-0.5degree C for 30 minutes is reversible, and liver damage by heat of 45+/-0.5degree C for 30 minutes can be fatal or irreversible. However, these results cannot be applied directly to human trial. Therefore, in order to apply hyperthermic treatment on human liver tumor safely, close observation of temperature with proper thermometry is mandatory. Hyperthermic treatment should be confined to the tumor area while sparing a normal liver as much as possible.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biopsy, Needle ; Dogs ; Electrodes ; Fever ; Heating ; Hepatocytes ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced* ; Japan ; Liver* ; Mortality ; Necrosis ; Thermometry