The ankle is a complex structure supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. The injuries to the ankle joint result in a severe functional disturbance because of complex anatomical characteristics around the ankle joint. 69 patients(72 cases) of the ankle fracture that were treated in Orthopedic Dept. Chonbuk National University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1983 were analized in clinical and radiological aspects. The following results were obtained: 1. Among the 69 patients, male was 54 and female 15 with ratio of 3.5: 1.The average age was 32. 2. Main cause of fracture was traffic accident(58%). 3. The musculoskeletal system was injured most frequently associated with the ankle fracture(66%). 4. According to the ankle fracture classification, the most common type was Pronation-external rotation type in Lauge-Hansen classification, and the type C in Weber classification. 5.The average duration of cast immobilization was 8.8 weeks in closed reduction and 7.4 weeks in open reduction. 6. The lateral malleolar fracture involving the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis was very important in ankle stability so accurate anatomical reduction by internal fixation was necessary for satisfactory functional results. 7. In clinical and radiological analysis, the better results were obtained from open reduction.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Walking

Endodernal sinus tumors(EST) are generally recognized as a germ cell tumors with extraembryonicdifferentiation that resemble the endodermal sinus of the rat placenta. Like other germ cell tumors the primaryEST may either occur in the gonads or in specific extragonadal sites. CT is the most accurate study in delineatingthe extent of primary and metastatic lesions particularly in the pelvis. Recently authors experienced six cases ofthe pathologically proven extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in children and retrospectively analyzed theradiological findings including the CT. The results were as follows: 1 Of the 6 cases of extragonadal EST, theprimary lesion presented in the sacrococcygeal region in 5 patients and liver in one patient. 2. There were 4females and 2 males. Of the sacrococcygeal lesions 3 were females and 2 were males. 3. The age of presentationranged from 9 months to 3 years of age(mean age=21 months) 4. Conventional radiographic study of thesacrococcygeal lesion showed presacral, retrorectal soft tissue mass without calcification which extended into thebuttock. CT revealed well circumscribed enhancing soft tissue mass with irregular central low density areas. 5.Primay EST of the liver revealed ill-defined inhomogeneous mixed echogenic mass( ultrasound) and ill-defined lowdensity mass(CT). Angiography showed hypervascular mass with areas of necrosis and no evidence portal veininvasion. A-V shunting was not present. 6. Reginal lymph node metastasis was present at the time of diagnosis in 2cases of sacrococcygeal EST. 7. Local recurrence of tumor was noted in 2 patients with sacrococcygeal lesion aftersurgery and chemotherapy.
Angiography ; Animals ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endoderm ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Gonads ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Pelvis ; Placenta ; Rats ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrococcygeal Region

PURPOSE: This study tried to explore factors influencing on job maintenance of the mentally disabled who employed before. The subjects of this study were the mentally disabled who participated in community mental health center and social rehabilitation center, there had experienced a job in the past. METHODS: The number of community centers were 27 places, there were located in different region. The number of participants were 221 persons agreed to this study. Data was analyzed by Mean, SD and logistic regression analyzation using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: General character such as age was significant factor. Monthly pay and working a day in the midst of job related factors were significant. Moreover, job rehabilitation program satisfaction rate and social support revealed significant factors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, Job rehabilitation programs for job maintenance of the mentally disabled should be development and establish mediate strategies to improve social support to them.
Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation, Vocational

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease of unknown causes mainly affecting the respiratory bronchioles and the more proximal bronchi. Findings on chest radiographs and high-resolution CT(HRCT) are well known and Akira classified HRCT findings of DPB into four types. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between findings of HRCT and PFT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed the chest radiographs and HRCT images of eleven patients with DPB and compared CT classification with pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Chest radiographs usually showed small nodular opacities throughout the both middle and lower lungs. The HRCT findings of DPB were centrilobularly distributed small nodular densities, branching linear densities contiguous with small round densities, dilated and thickened peripheral and central airways including bronchioles. More than one CT type by Akira's classification, usually two or three types, were found in nine patients. There was good correlation between CT types and FEV1%(p<0.05), CT types and FEV1/FVC (p<0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: HRCT seems to be more useful for diagnosis and disease progression of DPB as compared with the chest radiographs or clinical stage such as pulmonary function test.
Bronchi ; Bronchioles ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Lung ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of CT and MR imagings in the diagnosis aortic dissection and differentiation between the true and false lumen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied forty patients with aortic dissection(AD) diagnosed imagings or surgery. Of the forty patients, 19 were examined with only CT, 14 with CT and MR, and 7 with MI~: Our points of view were(1) the classification of AD according to configuration of intimal flap by cross-sectional imaging, (2) differentiation between the true and false lumens, (3) the course of the false lumen, and (4)! detectability of the origin of major branch vessels of the abdominal aorta. RESULTS: The classification by corss-sectional imaging were crescentic(65%), circumferential(15%), flat(12%), and irregular(8%) type, in which false negative diagnosis was made in 1 case of crescentic and circumferential type, respectively. In 2 case of flat type and 1 case of irregular type, the differentiation between the true and false lumen was impossible with CT. The course of the false lumen in descending thoracic aorta revealed countrclock wise rotation(66%), clockwise rotation(5%) or fixed(29%) apperance. MR imaging was superior to CT in the detection of the origin of major branch vessels of the abdominal aorta. The determination of the origin of major branches of abdominal aorta arising from the true and false lumen were impossible in 2 cases in which only CT was done. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of crescentic and circumferential types of AD with narrow and thrombosed false lumen was problematic in both CT and MR with no difference of diagnostic accuracy between the two modalities. The differentiation between the true and false lumen was difficult in flat and irregular types with only CT. Therefore, when surgical treatment is considered as in type B aortic dissection, MR imaging is recommended in order to determine the origin of major branch vessels.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

The infantile polycystic kidney disease is rare fetal urinary tract anomaly. It is inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern and recurrence rate is 25%. The gene locus is on chromosome 6p. The pathogenesis of infantile polycystic kidney is the primary defect of the collecting ducts. The ultrasonographic finding of infantile polycystic kidney is oligohydramnios, bilaterally symmetrical enlarged kidneys with maintenance of their reinform shape. The differential diagnosis with adult polycystic kidney disease is important. The massive enlargement of the kidneys is rarely seen in adult polycystic kidney disease and the examination of the parents and other members of the family is helpful to confirm the adult polycystic kidney disease. If there is severe renal involvements, stillbirth or neonatal death secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia would be developed. If it were diagnosed before viability, termination of pregnancy is recommended. In a fetus at risk, diagnosed after viability, pregnancy termination is also recommended since this condition is uniformly fatal. We present a case of infantile polycystic kidney.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Stillbirth ; Urinary Tract

This study was designed to investigate clinical characteristics and outcome of patient with suicidal attempt. A retrospective analysis by chart review of 130 cases of patients with suicidal attempt who visited emergency department of Dankook University Hospital from January 1998 to December 1998. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of patients with suicidal attempt to total patients who visited emergency department was 0.7%. The highest suicidal attempt rates were among aged 20-39. The gender ratio is similar. 2. Suicidal attempt were more common in summer, July, Friday, evening. 3. The most common place of suicidal attempt was home. 4. Drug ingestion was the most common method of suicidal attempt. Drug used for suicidal attempt were agricultural drug including organic phosphorus and carbamate, and therapeutic drug. 5. Common motives of suicidal attempt were marriage conflict, family conflict. 6. The intensity of will to die was more strong in old aged male. 7. Suicidal attempt associated with alcohol drinking was 39.2%. 8. Common symptoms or signs of intoxication were neurological and gastrointestinal.
Alcohol Drinking ; Eating ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Phosphorus ; Retrospective Studies

Morphological changes of the kidney after ESWL in 130 patients are analyzed with CT at Dept. of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital from March 1987 to May 1987. Of 130 patients, 9 patients(6.9%) showed renal hematoma. Among 9 patients, 5 patients (3.8%) had subcapsular hematoma and 4 patients(3.1%) had parenchymal hematoma. We analyzed these 9 patients radiologically and clinically. These hematoma were clinically insignificant and self-limited in all cases. So ESWL can be regarded as a safe modality for treatment of the renal and ureteral calculi.
Hematoma* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Shock* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Urology

Beta-lapachone (beta-Lap; 3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-naphthol[1, 2-b]pyran-5,6-dione) is a novel anti-cancer drug under phase I/II clinical trials. beta-Lap has been demonstrated to cause apoptotic and necrotic death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the beta-Lap toxicity against cancer cells has been controversial. The most recent view is that beta-Lap, which is a quinone compound, undergoes two-electron reduction to hydroquinone form utilizing NAD(P)H or NADH as electron source. This two-electron reduction of beta-Lap is mediated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which is known to mediate the reduction of many quinone compounds. The hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap then spontaneously oxidizes back to the original oxidized beta-Lap, creating futile cycling between the oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap. It is proposed that the futile recycling between oxidized and reduced forms of beta-Lap leads to two distinct cell death pathways. First one is that the two-electron reduced beta-Lap is converted first to one-electron reduced beta-Lap, i.e., semiquinone beta-Lap (SQ).- causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then causes apoptotic cell death. The second mechanism is that severe depletion of NAD(P)H and NADH as a result of futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms of beta-Lap causes severe disturbance in cellular metabolism leading to apoptosis and necrosis. The relative importance of the aforementioned two mechanisms, i.e., generation of ROS or depletion of NAD(P)H/NADH, may vary depending on cell type and environment. Importantly, the NQO1 level in cancer cells has been found to be higher than that in normal cells indicating that beta-Lap may be preferentially toxic to cancer cells relative to non-cancer cells. The cellular level of NQO1 has been found to be significantly increased by divergent physical and chemical stresses including ionizing radiation. Recent reports clearly demonstrated that beta-Lap and ionizing radiation kill cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Indications are that irradiation of cancer cells causes long-lasting elevation of NQO1, thereby sensitizing the cells to beta-Lap. In addition, beta-Lap has been shown to inhibit the repair of sublethal radiation damage. Treating experimental tumors growing in the legs of mice with irradiation and intraperitoneal injection of beta-Lap suppressed the growth of the tumors in a manner more than additive. Collectively, beta-Lap is a potentially useful anti-cancer drug, particularly in combination with radiotherapy.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Benzoquinones ; Cell Death ; Electrons ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leg ; Mice ; NAD ; Naphthoquinones ; Necrosis ; Radiation Tolerance ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Recycling ; Substrate Cycling