This erratum is being published to correct of Table 3 and page 1149.

The focus of this study was o aialyze the morphologic expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2, and PCNA in preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions induced with NNM of rats. The development of hepatocellular tumors was investigated by histology and electron microscope in 65 Splague-Dawley rats administered with NNM in drinking water at low dose(5 mg/100 ml) and high dose(20 mg/100 ml). Three types of hepatocytic degeneration glycogenotic, eosinophilic and basophilic changes were followed by the appearance of hepatocellullar carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was increased in number and size according to NNM dosage and to duration of exposure. The histological classifications of hepatocelular carcinoma wer trabecular type, which was which was the most common, large eosinophilic, small cell, adenocarcinomatous and clear cell type. The expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2 PCNA was examined by immunohistochemical stains. Eosinophilic degeneration revealed mild positivity at 18-26 weeks for expression of all oncogenic proteins studied and PCNA, whereas precancerous lesions showed variable expression from negative to moderate positivity on PCNA. Hepatocellular carcinoma lesions showed strong positivity for all stains and increased intensity during experimental period. These may indicate that chemical carcinogen produce hepatic eosinophilic degeneration and preCancerOus lesions by genetic mutation, resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinogens

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide*

We present a case of this distinctive variety of malignant lymphoma, which was diagnosed in the axillary lymph nodes of a 66-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to the GS department due to palpable mass on the right axillary area for two months. A 2 x 1 cm sized mass was also palpated on the cervical area. The laboratory and radiologic findings were unremarkable. Axillary dissection was done under the impression of metastatic carcinoma from breast. Received lymph nodes were multiple and variable in size, ranging from 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm in diameter. Histologically, the lymph nodes were partly effaced and involved by nodular and diffuse infiltrations of large lymphoid cells in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses. In diffuse areas, typical starry-sky pattern was seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were negative for broad-spectrum keratin, but positive for leukocyte antigen, ML, and B cell markers, L26, and 4KB5. T cell marker. UCHL1 was negative. On staining with histiocytic marker, Mac387 antibody, the tingible-body macrophages were only positive. Interstitial plasma cells and some of the tumor cells were positive for lambda light chain. Electron microscopic study, which was done on paraffin embedded tissue showed lymphoid-type of nuclei without cellular junction suggestive for carcinoma.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is an important treatment modality in children with hydrocephalus. VP shunt infection is a major complication and an important factor that determines the surgery outcome. This 15-year study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients treated at our center. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in patients 18 years old or younger who underwent VP shunt insertion surgery from April 1995 to June 2010. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven VP shunt surgeries were performed in a total of 190 pediatric patients (83 females, 107 males). The median age of the patients was 2.4 years (range, 0.02-17.9 years). Having a malignant brain tumor was the most frequent cause for VP shunt insertion. The shunt infection rate was 6.7% (22/327) per 100 operations and 9.5% (18/190) per 100 patients, and the incidence rate was 0.45 infection cases per 100 shunt operations-year. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=7) followed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=1). Ten cases were treated with vancomycin and beta-lactam antibiotic (cephalosporin or carbapenem) combination therapy and 7 cases were treated with vancomycin monotherapy. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 26 days (range, 7 to 58 days). Surgical intervention was performed in 18 cases (18/22, 81.8%). CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic information regarding VP shunt infections in pediatric patients is valuable that will help guide proper antibiotic management. Additional studies on the risk factors for developing VP shunt infections are also warranted.
Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vancomycin ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

No abstract available.
Arm* ; Free Tissue Flaps*

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is one of congenital immunodeficient disease and a rare X-linked or autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent life- threatening infections and granuloma formation. We observed clinical features, laboratory findings and genetic subgroups of 33 children who were diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital. There were 23 males and 10 females. Activated NBT test of all patients revealed 0% positive cell and mothers of 15 patients had 25%- 75% normal neutrophils in the activated NBT test. According to the result of activated NBT test and family history, the ratio of X-linked and autosomal recessive inheritance was 2:3. There was a significant difference for the age at onset of the first infection in the different genetic subgroups. The X-linked group had the mean onset at 1.98 months of age and autosomal recessive group had a mean onset as late as 3.82 months (p<0.05). The most common type of the first infection was lymphadenopathies (41%) and other infections were skin pustules, fever, perianal abscess, pneumonia and chronic diarrhea. However, the age at diagnosis was not significant in the different genetic subgroups. Lymphadenitis (27%) was the most common infection, and pneumonia, gastrointestinal tract infection, skin infection were also common. The most common infectious agent was Candida sp. (5%) and other microorganisms involved were BCG, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, S. aureus, K/ebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergi/lus sp., and Enterococcus faecium. Chronic condition associated with CGD were hepatomegaly (59%), splenomegaly, and anemia of chronic disease, underweight, and lymphadenopathy. The leukocyte count of patients at diagnosis was within normal limit except in three patients and leukopenia was not observed in any of the patients. The humoral and cellular immunity and complement system were normal, but the level of Ig E in four patients was elevated. Early diagnosis of CGD can be made by suspicion if there are lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and recurrent pyogenic infections under the first year of age. Though progression in the treatment of CGD, like gene therapy, is concerned, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis by carrier detection and molecular genetic analysis is thought to be necessary.
Abscess ; Anemia ; Candida ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Early Diagnosis ; Enterococcus faecium ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Therapy ; Granuloma ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Korea* ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukopenia ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Molecular Biology ; Mothers ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Neutrophils ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Seoul ; Skin ; Splenomegaly ; Staphylococcus ; Thinness ; Vaccination ; Wills

This study was made in order to investigate the present status of superficial dermatophytoses and some changes on the frequency of the diseases, sex distributions and varieties of the causative organisms. The survey was made by 1486 out-patients of dermatology clinic of National Medical Center from May to August in 1978. Following results are obtained: 1. The incidence of superficial fungal infections including Tinea versicolor is 22. 2% and Tinea versicolor alone is 2. 8% among total l486 out-patients. 2. The ratio of male to female patients is 190:140 and shows more prevalence in male. 3. The age group from 20 to 29 shows the highest incidence and 38. 3% of all patients with superficial fungal infection falls in this age group. 4. Tinea pedis reveals the commonest disease and others in decreasing frequency are Tinea corporis, Onychomycosis, Tinea manus, Tinea corporis, Candidiasis and Tinea capitis. 5. Coexisting fungal infection is found in 60 patients and is most prevalent in the age group from 40 to 49, related to the ratio of age specific coexisting cases to each age group patients. 6. Tinea pedis with Onychomycosis reveals the most prevalent coexisting superficial fungal infection and others in decreasing frequencies are Tinea pedis with Tinea manus, Tinea pedis with Tinea cruris, Tinea cruris witb Tinea corporis and so on. 7. Positive rate of KOH mount among 362 scrapings is 64. 7% and Tinea cruris shows the highest positive rate (86. O%.) and Tinea corporis the next (78. 6%). 8. 187 strains are isolated by Sabourauds dextrose agar, 140 from positive KOH scrapings and 47 from negative KOH scrapings. a. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common organism of superficial dermatophytosis (43 8%) b, Microsporum species reveal the most common organism of Tinea capitis (80%).
Agar ; Candidiasis ; Dermatology ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Microsporum ; Onychomycosis ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Tinea Capitis ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea Versicolor ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Ulcer*