No abstract available.
Prospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Nasal Mucosa*

No abstract available.
Constriction* ; Palate, Soft* ; Tongue*

The incidence of a primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in western countries is about 1% of all the intracranial tumors and has increased 2.2% over the last decade. A similar pattern of increased frequency is observed in Korea. Although most CNS lymphomas in western countries are high grade tumors carrying poor prognosis, the clinicopathologic features of the Korean CNS lymphoma have not been well studied. We report clinicopathological features of 18 cases of histologically proven primary brain lymphoma. The mean age of the patients was 50 years and there was no sex difference. The clinical and radiological characteristics included multiple site of occurrence, infrequent extracranial spread, and frequent seeding via cerebrospinal fluid. No patients were immune-compromised host. Of 18 cases, 15 cases were of B-lineage and 2 cases were of T-lineage. According to REAL classification, there were 12 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, two cases of B cell lymphomas of small lymphoid cell, and two cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified. The remaining subtypes were not subclassified because of inadequate material. Pleomorphic cytologic features and necrosis of varying extent were frequent in the cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These results suggest that overall clinicopathologic features of primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system in Korea are similar to those of western countries.
Brain ; Central Nervous System* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Sex Characteristics

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

Most congenital obstructions of right ventricular outflow occur at the infundibular, pulmonary valvular, or pulmonary arterial levels. Less frequently, stenosis is present in the sinus portion of the right ventricle and is caused by an obstructing aberrant muscle bundle or band crossing the chamber below the infundibulum. This abnormality has been called the double chambered right ventricle. We have reviewed our experience with 18 patients with a double chambered right ventricle who had been admitted to the SNUH. 1) Age distribution was from 2 to 36 years old with a mean age of 12.8 years. There were 13 female patients and 5 male patients with a 2.6:1 female to male ratio. 2) The chief complaints of the patients were dyspnea on exertion(50%), known congenital heart disease(27.8%), and cyanosis(16.7%), in that order. The physical findings were grade III-V/VI systolic murmurs and other findings of associated cardiac anomalies. 3) The electrocardiographic findings were as follow: left ventricular hypertrophy(33.3%), right ventricular hypertrophy(22.2%), and biventricular hypertrophy(22.2%), Pressure gradients within the right ventricle were noted in 13 cases(72.2%), and filling defects on right ventricular cineangiography were noted in 14 out of 15 cases(93.3%). The echocardiographic findings were not diagnostic, except for the associated cardiac anomalies. 4) 14 cases were operated with a result of aberrant muscle bundles in the right ventricular cavity. All were removed surgically. 1 case was confirmed by autopsy Other 3 cases(Who had pressure gradients within the right ventricular cavity and filling defects on the right ventricular cineangiogram) showed little symptoms, and there has been a continuous follow up on these patients. 5) The associated cardiac anomalies were as follows: 13 cases(72.2%) of ventricular septal defect, 1 case(5.6%) of bicuspid tricuspid valve, 1 case(5.6%) of persistent left sided superior vena cava, and 1 case(5.6%) of aortic regurgitation. There was 3 cases of isolated double chambered right ventricle(16.5%).
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Autopsy ; Bicuspid ; Cineangiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles* ; Humans ; Male ; Systolic Murmurs ; Tricuspid Valve ; Vena Cava, Superior

PURPOSE: We tried to find the patients characteristics of parasternal recunence, to classify the parasternal recunence according to the radiological and clinical features, and to evaluate the efficacy of local radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 1987 and April 1997, twenty one patients with parastemal recurrence of breast cancer after surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy were treated with radiotherapy. Age distribution at initial operation was ranged from 31 to 79 years(median 48 years). Sixteen(76.2%) cancers were in the right breast and five(23.8%) were in the left. The pathologic types were infiltrative ductal carcinoma in 18 patients and medullary carcinoma in 3 patients. Eight patients had stage I, three had stage IIa, six had stage IIb, one had stage IIIa diseases and we had no information about the initial stage of the other 3 patients. Parasternal recurrence were diagnosed by biopsy in 7 patients, and the other 14 recurrences were diagnosed by clinical and radiologic findings such as chest CT, whole body bone scan. All the patients were treated with radiation for the parasternal recurrent tumors. In addition, five patients also received chemotherapy(FAC or Taxol based protocol) and one patient also received partial resection before radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered with Co-60 gamma-ray or 4~6 MV X-ray or electron beam to both supraclavicular lymph nodes and parasternal areas with total doses of 3000~6480 cGy(median 6100 cGy). RESULTS: The range of interval between curative resection and parasternal recurrence were 4~110 months(median 34 months). The main symptoms of the parasternal recurrence were a painless mass(n=10). The duration of symptom before diagnosis ranged from one to 36 months(median 7 months). Among 21, five patients(23.8%) presented distant metastses at the diagnosis of parasternal recurrences. The parasternal recurrences were classified into three groups according to radiologic and clinical findings; the recurrent tumors originated from sternum and invaded into adjacent tissues(Group 1, n=5), tumors originated from intemal mammary lymph nodes and invaded into sternum or parasternal tissues(Group 2, n=6), tumors originated from medial chest wall and invaded into sternum or parasternal tissues(Group 3, n=10). In nineteen patients(19/21; 90.5%) there was complete response of parasternal recurrence following radiotherapy. Although the follow up period was relatively short(3~78 montbs, median 14 months), there were no local recurrence in radiation field in 19 patients with complete response. Among the 16 patients without distant metastases at diagnosis of parasternal recurrence, nine patients were alive without any evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: Chest CT scan is necessary and effective in patients with parastemal discomfort, pain, swelling or palpable mass after mastectomy. And we found that radiotherapy was very effective for the local treatment of parasternal recunence in terms of symptom palliation and local control of tumor. Although we classified the parasternal recurrence into three groups, we could not reach any conclusive results because of short follow up duration and insufficient patients number.
Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paclitaxel ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence* ; Sternum ; Thoracic Wall ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

From May, 1975 to August, 1986, we experienced 21 patients with ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. 1) Their ages ranged from 15 to 52 years with a mean age of 26.7 years, and 14 patients were male and 7 patients were female. Among 18 cases of which aneurysms occurred on the right sinus of Valsalva, 15 cases (83%) ruptured into the right ventricle, 1 case (6%) ruptured into the right atrium and 2 cases (11%) ruptured into the pulmonary artery. All 3 cases of which aneurysms occurred on the noncoronary sinus ruptured into the right atrium. 2) Clinical symptoms consisted of dyspnea (95%), palpitation (81%), chest pain (43%), orthopnea (33%), cough (14%), hemoptysis (5%), oliguria (5%), and fever (5%). In all patients continuous heart murmur was audible. Hepatomegaly (48%), pulmonary basal rale (14%), and pretibial pitting edema (19%) were also observed. 3) In all patients diagnosis was made with cardiac catheterization and angiography, and confirmed by operation excetpt one case. 4) Among 20 patients who had been performed corrective surgery, ventricular septal defect was observed in 16 patients (85%), aortic insufficiency in 5 patients (25%), pulmonary infundibular stenosis in 1 patient (5%), patent foramen ovale in 1 patient (5%), and tricuspid insufficiency in 1 patient (5%). Ventricular septal defect was observed in all 16 patients whose aneurysms of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva ruptured into the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. 5) All patients survived operation, and no postoperative complication was found except 1 patient to whom reoperation was performed because of postoperative aortic insufficiency and detachment of the patch closure for ventricular septal defect. There was symptomatic improvement in all patients.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Angiography ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Sinus ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Female ; Fever ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Heart Atria ; Heart Murmurs ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemoptysis ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Male ; Oliguria ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis ; Reoperation ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sinus of Valsalva*

BACKGROUND: In spite of frequent nasal surgery, the importance of preoperative medication has not been examined carefully(CAREFULLY). OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of premedication, we investigated the effect of premedication on postoperative pain in nasal surgery under local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We studied 120 cases, composed of 60 cases of unilateral sinus surgery and 60 cases of septoplasty. The patients were divided into four groups. We analysed 4 groups each consisted of 30 patients(N=120). The first group consisted of patients who received atropine preoperatively. The second group received atropine and ketolorac tromethamine. The third group received atopine and diazepam. The fourth group received atropine, ketorolac trimethamine and atropine. To evaluate the postoperative pain, we made the protocol listed according to Verbal Rating Pain Scores(VRP), Visual Analogue Pain Scores(VAS), -2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours- and a global postoperative pain using the VAS. RESULTS: In septoplasty group, pain-relief effects showed postoperative pain of ketorolac tromethamine during postoperative 6-hours in the second & fourth groups. In sinus surgery group, Ketorolac tromethamine was effective on postoperative pain at postoperative 2-hour. CONCLUSION: We concluded that preoperative ketorolac tromethamine was effctive on septoplasty group than sinus surgery group.
Anesthesia, Local ; Atropine ; Diazepam ; Humans ; Ketorolac ; Ketorolac Tromethamine ; Nasal Surgical Procedures* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Premedication* ; Tromethamine