No abstract available.
Prospective Studies*

PURPOSE: It has been believed that o-blocker affects the stromal component of BPH, while 5 alpha -reductase inhibitor affects the glandular component. Information on the tissue composition of BPH might be helpful to choose an appropriate medical therapeutic agent. We evaluated whether transrectal ultrasonographic findings could reflect the histologic composition of BPH and the correlation of the composition of BPH and the clinical parameters such as patient's age, peak flow rate, IPSS symptom score, and prostate volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients with BPH treated by transurethral resection were studied. The proportions of stromal and glandular area in the resected prostate were determined by image analyzer. "Stromal hyperplasia"was defined when more than 75% of the resected prostate was composed of stromal tissue and microscopically, abundant stromal tissue with normal or atrophic glands were dominant. "Glandular hyperplasia" was defined when more than 25% of the prostate was composed of glandular tissue and microscopically, hyperplastic glandular cells and dilated lumen with occasional cystic changes were dominant. Ultrasonographically, it is classified as stromal hyperplasia when the echo of central gland is fine and lower echogenic than that of peripheral gland, and classlfied as glandular hyperplasia when the echo of central gland Is coarse and isoechogenic or hyperechogenic with focal echopenic areas. Statistical significance was judged by Student t-test and linear regression analysis. Concordance of ultrasonographic findings and histopathologic findings of BPH was determined by Kappa index. RESULTS: Sixty nine percent of resected prostate tissue were composed of stromal tissue. The proportion of stromal tissue in stromal hyperplasia and glandular hyperplasia was 85.8+/- 1.6% and 64.8+/- 1.0%, respectively(p<0.001). Ultrasonography accurately reflect histopathologlc type in 50 of 55 BPH. Two of 12 stromal hyperplasia and 3 of 43 glandular hyperplasia were falsely interpreted on ultrasonography. Three of 5 falsely interpreted cases showed marginal stromal tissue composition(60.9%, 72.9%, 73.3%, 76.4%, and 84.2%). Kappa index of ultrasonogrhaphic finding and histopathologic classification was 0.74(fair to good). In the meantime, clinical parameters including patient's age, peak flow rate, IPSS symptom scores did not correlate with tissue composition. Only prostate volume and resected prostate weight showed negative correlation with proportion of stromal tissue(p=0.0953 and p=0.0794, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Using our sonographic criteria, transrectal ultrasonography could reflect histologic type of BPH so that choice of medical therapeutic agent may be possible. Larger prostates had less stromal tissue, however, the histologic composition of the prostate was not related to the severity of symptoms or peak flow rate.
Classification ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Linear Models ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: In gastric cancer, metastasis to the paraaortic lymph nodes had been regarded as an incurable factor, but many cases of long term survival have been reported with dissection of metastatic paraaortic nodes. And several reports suggested survival benefit with paraaortic lymph node dissection (D4) in advanced gastric cancer. In patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent paraaortic lymph node dissection we tried to evaluate the factors predisposing metastasis in these nodes and survival data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed retrospectively pathological features of 95 patients who underwent paraacntic lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer at Kangnam General Hospital Public Corporation Bom May 1991 to Feb. 1998. And we also analysed survival results of 72 cases among them. We excluded 18 cases of distant metastasis (3 liver metastasis, 15 peritoneal seeding), 2 operative mortalities, 1 other disease mortality, and 2 unlmown causes of death in survival analysis. RESULTS: The frequencies of paraaortic lymph node metastasis were 0.0% (0 of 32 cases) in T2, 19.2% (10 of 52 cases) in T3, 18.2% (2 of 11 cases) in T4. And those of paraaortic lymph node metastasis were 5.8% (3 of 52 cases) in antrum, 14.3% (3 fo 21 cases) in body, 20.0% (3 of 15 cases) in cardia, and 42.9% (3 of 7 cases) in whole area. The five-year survival rates (5 YSRs) in relation to the paraaortic lymph node (No16) status was 0.096 in No16+, and 57.8Po in Nol6 with D4 of advanced gastric cancer. The 5 YSRs were 78.1%, 40.8% and 0% in T2, T3 and T4, respectively and 93.8%, 64.2%, 24.2% and 0.0% in n0, nl, n2 and n.3, respectively and 88.9%, 80.5%, 57.9% and 0.0% (47.6%) and 0.0% in stage IB, II, IIIA, IIIB and IV, respectively. CONCLUSION: The depth of gastric wall invasion and the location of primary tumor were significant predisposing factors to para-aortic lymph node metastasis in multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Survival of No16 metastasis was very poor. And three factors of T stage, n stage, and Bonmann type were also prognostically significant in terms of five year survival in cases of D4 of advanced gastric cancer in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05).
Cardia ; Causality ; Cause of Death ; Drug Therapy* ; Granisetron* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nausea* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Platinum* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting*

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies*

No abstract available.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: In spite of many published reports about the primary gastrointcstinal lymphoma in Korea, the majority of them unfortunately involved a small number of patients with diverse results conceming treatment, patient survival, and prognostic factors. There also were few reports mainly focusing on primary intestinal lymphoma alone. Therefore we studied the patient-survival and prognostic factors in 52 cases of intestinal lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed fifty two patients who received treatment due to primary intestinal lymphoma at Severance hospital, from January 1980 to June 1995. RESULTS: The intestinal lymphomas were located in descending order of frequency at the terminal ileum, i1eocecal region, right colon, and the jejunum. The most common histologic type was diffuse large cell type and the majority showed an intermediate grade of differentiation. The average survival time was 40.7 months with a 5 year survival rate of 41.4%. The overall and complete remission rate of the intestinal lymphoma were 76.2%, 64.3%, respectively. Additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy to surgery improved remission rate. The overall 5 year survival rates were 50.4%, 47.3%, 33.3%, and 25.0% in stage I, II1, II2 and III~IV, respectively. The 5 year survival rate after curative resection was 57.0% and 16.6% after incomplete resection. The significant prognostic factors were residual tumor, site of the lesion, multiplicity, and adjacent organ invasion. However, the site of the lesion alone (worst in the jejunum) was the sole independent variable on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We concluded that early diagnosis and curative resection were important to improve survival rates in the primary intestinal lymphoma. More number of such cases are needed for further comparison of various treatment methods and results.
Colon ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ileum ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Lymphoma* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Radiotherapy ; Survival Rate

Eighty-nine isolates of Enterobacter spp. from two university hospitals were analyzed by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics for epidemiologic investigation. Most strains were isolated from sputum, urine, wound, pus and catheter tip. Most isolates of Enterobacter spp. were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin and cefoxitin and 39% of E. cloacae isolates were also resistant to other cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics except amikacin but all strains were highly susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Twenty-six antimicrobial resistance patterns were obtained from E. clacae, but E. aerogenes showed only 4 patterns. Fourty-two plasmid profiles were identified, but plasmid was not detected from 28.4% of E. cloacae and 58% of E. aerogenes. Six biotypes from E. cloacae and three biotypes from E. aerogenes were obtained by carbohydrate metabolism. Fourteen strains of E. cloacae carried conjugative R plasmids and these plasmids were further analyzed. Among them, ten plasmids showed identical antibiogram, molecular weight, and pI value by isoelectric focusing and nearly identical restriction endonuclease fragment pattern. Their parental strains had identical antibiogram, biotype, plasmid profile, and were isolated from 4 different specimens including 6 catheter tips of different patients. But most clinical isolates showed various types of combination and seemed to be different strains. These results indicate that the epidemic strain were present in this hospital and the combination of antibiogram and plasmid analysis can be used to discriminate the epidemic strains of multi-resistant E. cloacae.
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Catheters ; Cefazolin ; Cefoxitin ; Cephalosporins ; Ciprofloxacin ; Cloaca ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Enterobacter* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Weight ; Parents ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Sputum ; Suppuration ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Humans ; Teicoplanin*

PURPOSE: The aims of this research are to correlate prenatal renal parenchymal thickness with postnatal outcome of fetal hydronephrosis, to establish the predictability of prenatal renal parenchymal thickness for surgical treatment and to apply this parameter to the evaluation and the follow-up of prenatal hydronephrosis. Material and METHOD: Between Jun 1991 and Jun 1998 we retrospectively identified 59 cases of fetal hydronephrosis in which renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter(PAPD) was greater than 10mm. Renal parenchymal thickness(RPT), renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter and renal anteroposterior diameter(RAPD) were measured on midtransverse from prenatal sonograms. The ability of these parameters to predict who would require surgical treatment was examined. The difference of these parameters in groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sums analysis. RESULTS: 66.7% of fetuses with a renal parenchymal thickness lesser than 8mm and 71.4% of fetuses with a renal parenchymal thickness lesser than 6mm required surgical treatment. 33.3% of fetuses with an PAPD greater than 12mm and 45% of fetuses with an PAPD greater than 15mm required surgical treatment. 60% of fetuses with an ratio of PAPD/RAPD greater than 0.4 and 70% of fetuses with an ratio of PAPD/RAPD greater than 0.5 required surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The research shows that RPT could be used as an useful parameter in the prediction of requirement of postnatal surgical treatment of fetal hydronephrosis ,in addition to the size of PAPD and the ratio of PAPD/RAPD which have been assumed as one of the most important parameters.
Fetus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney Pelvis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Predicted adult height (PAH) is often crucial to decision-making about treatment with human growth hormone (GH) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in children with short stature. This study compares final adult height (FAH) with different methods used to determine PAH and assesses the clinical utility and analytical validity of height prediction for children not treated with GH. METHODS: Clinical findings were retrospectively analyzed, and the heights of 44 children (22 males and 22 females) who visited our clinic between August 2006 and June 2017 and reached near final adult height (NFAH) were evaluated. Children treated with GH were excluded. We compared measured NFAH to PAH using the Bayley-Pinneau (BP), Tanner-Whitehouse Mark 2, and Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT) methods. RESULTS: Pearson correlation between all 3 prediction methods and NFAH showed high positive correlations in males and females (P < 0.05). The average difference between PAH and NFAH for the BP method (0.4±3.9 cm) was significantly lower than those for the RWT and TW 2 methods in females (P=0.000, analysis of variance). Furthermore, only PAH by the BP method in females was very close to measured NFAH (paired t-test). A Bland-Altman plot verified that 95% of the differences between the PAH and NFAH exist between limits of agreement (mean±1.96 standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: The BP method is more useful to predict NFAH in females than other methods. Careful attention is still required when using such tools because PAH can be inaccurate. Therefore, a more accurate FAH prediction model for Korean children is needed.
Adult ; Child* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Male ; Methods* ; Retrospective Studies