No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Ploidies*

PURPOSE: This research is to investigate factors that affect dental aesthetics and analyze whether individual perception affects and difference of genders affects the esthetic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy dental students of Chonnam University aged from 25 to 35 years old without periodontal problems were included. Maxillary dental cast for participants were made, and standardized photo was taken with a digital camera. Maximum visual width and the position of gingival zenith of maxillary anterior teeth and maximum height of the maxillary central incisors were measured by a measurement program and the shape of central incisor was categorized. Questionnaire was conducted to evaluate esthetic perception. SPSS program was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average visual width ratio of right maxillary anteriors was 1.38:1:0.78 and 1.41:1:0.81 for the left which differ from the golden ratio. The width to height ratio for right and left central incisor was 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. The gingival zenith position was determined to be: mostly, central incisors and canines were located in the distal side, lateral incisors were located in the center. The visual width ratio of right maxillary anterior teeth, ratio of width to height of central incisor, gingival zenith position, crown morphology and amounts of gingival exposure upon smiling were not significantly different between genders, and facial patterns and these dental esthetic factors were not related to aesthetic perception. CONCLUSION: Even though participants had the visual width ratio of maxillary anteriors or ideal width to ideal height of central incisors that did not agree with the golden ratio, they had high satisfaction for dental esthetics. Esthetic perception depends more on subjective judgements of participants than objective indices.
Crowns ; Esthetics ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jeollanam-do ; Smiling ; Students, Dental ; Tooth

PURPOSE: The purpose is to evaluate the CT or MRI findings to help in the differentiation between benign and malignant meningiomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The CT and MRI findings of 8 patients with surgically proven malignant meningioma were reviewed. Four cases of 8 malignant meningiomas and 18 cases of 27 benign lesions were studied with a 1.5T or 0.5T MRI. Radiologic analysis was focused on the heterogeneity of tumor, grade of peritumoral edema, presence of cystic degeneration and calcification, tumoral enhancement pattern, dural enhancement, and tumoral border. RESULT: Histologic types of malignant meningioma were meningotheliomatous (n=4), papillary(n=1), fibroblastic(n=l), angioblastic(n=l), and sarcomatous(n=l). Tumoral Heterogeneity was seen in 8 of 8 malignant lesions(100%) and 8 of 27 benign ones(30%). (p<0.01) Marked peritumoral edema was seen in 8 of 8 malignant lesions(100%) and 2 of 27 benign ones. (7.3%)(p<0.01) Most of malignant lesions(6 of 8 cases, 75%) showed ill defined border. Calcification was not present in malignant lesions in contrast with benign ones (14 of 27 cases, 52%). (p<0.05) No statistical significance was noted in cystic degeneration, dural tail like enhancement or tumoral enhancement pattern between malignant and benign meningiomas. MRI signal intensity of malignant meningiomas was homogeneously or heterogeneously hypointense on T1WI, heterogeneously isointense or hypointense on T2WI and heterogeneous or mixed on Gd-DTPA enhancement study. CONCLUSION: The CT or MRI findings such as heterogeneity, ill defined tumoral border, marked peritumoral edema, and absence of calcification may suggest the possibility of malignancy in meningioma.
Edema ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningioma* ; Population Characteristics

To find out the predictors of nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation in patients with respiratory diseases, transcutaneous oxygen saturation(StcO2) monitoring studies using a pulse oximeter were performed during sleep in 20 patients. StcO2 was decreased more than 4% from the baseline value in 18 patients(90%) and more than 10%('Desaturator') in 8(40%). Five of the seven patients(71.4%) with awake PaO2<60mmHg and three of the thirteen patients(23.1%) with awake PaO2≥60mmHg were 'desaturators'. The awake PaO2/FIO2 and PaO2/PAO2 could distinguish 'desaturator' from 'nondesaturator, and PaO2, SaO2 or StcO2 could not. These results suggest that the nocturnal oxygen desaturation depends on the severity of the underlying disease rather than the baseline PaO2. Anthropomorphic and lung function factors could not separate between 'desaturator' and 'non-desaturator', and about a quarter of patients with a wake PaO2≥60mmHg developed significant desaturation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation in patients with respiratory diseases regardless of their severity of airflow obstruction or awake PaO2.
Humans ; Lung ; Oxygen*

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Stem cell therapies for liver disease are being studied by many researchers worldwide, but scientific evidence to demonstrate the endocrinologic effects of implanted cells is insufficient, and it is unknown whether implanted cells can function as liver cells. Achieving angiogenesis, arguably the most important characteristic of the liver, is known to be quite difficult, and no practical attempts have been made to achieve this outcome. We carried out this study to observe the possibility of angiogenesis of implanted bio-artificial liver using scaffolds. METHODS: This study used adipose tissue-derived stem cells that were collected from adult patients with liver diseases with conditions similar to the liver parenchyma. Specifically, microfilaments were used to create an artificial membrane and maintain the structure of an artificial organ. After scratching the stomach surface of severe combined immunocompromised (SCID) mice (n=4), artificial scaffolds with adipose tissue-derived stem cells and type I collagen were implanted. Expression levels of angiogenesis markers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34, and CD105 were immunohistochemically assessed after 30 days. RESULTS: Grossly, the artificial scaffolds showed adhesion to the stomach and surrounding organs; however, there was no evidence of angiogenesis within the scaffolds; and VEGF, CD34, and CD105 expressions were not detected after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although implantation of cells into artificial scaffolds did not facilitate angiogenesis, the artificial scaffolds made with type I collagen helped maintain implanted cells, and surrounding tissue reactions were rare. Our findings indicate that type I collagen artificial scaffolds can be considered as a possible implantable biomaterial.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Adult ; Animals ; Artificial Organs ; Biocompatible Materials ; Collagen Type I* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Membranes, Artificial ; Mice ; Stem Cells* ; Stomach ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Dyspnea* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate MR characteristics of periosteal reactions and subperiosteal abscesses in osteomyelitis as compared with radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients(18 males, 10 females) with osteomyelitis. Nineteen patients underwent MR imaging with 0.5 T. We analyzed for morphologic patterns, intervals of appearance and disappearance of periosteal reactions after symptom onset. Twenty-three patients were confirmed by surgery and 5 patients by the radiologic findings, clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: Periosteal reaction appeared as low signal intensity arc on the T1- and T2-weighted axial images. In 3-7 days after symptom onset, periosteal reactions and subperiosteal abscesses were noted on MR imaging, and only two of eleven patients were noted in radiographs. Periosteal reactions of 8-14 days after symptom onset were demonstrated in all of 13 patient on MR, and 9 on plain radiographs. All patients with 2 weeks after symptom onset showed perioste.al reaction in plain film and MR. The periosteal reactions persisted until approximately 2 to 3 months after treatment on follow up radiographs. CONCLUSION: Periosteal reactions in osteomyelitis are detected on the MR imaging earlier than plain film. MR is valuable in detecting subperiosteal abscess which is not appecent in simple radiographs. Periosteal reactions can be seen on MR in 3 days after symptom onset and persist for 2-3 months after treatment.
Abscess ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Osteomyelitis* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The presence of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity in cytologic specimens is considered as complementary for the diagnosis of malignancy. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis in lung cancer, we compared the diagnostic yielding rates of DNA ploidy test by brushing specimens using flow cytometry with bronchoscopic forceps biopsy and brushing cytology. RESULTS: Of the seventy-six cases, 55 cases proved to have malignant diseases(squamous cell cancer: 27, adenocarcinorna: 7, large cell cancer: 1, undifferentiated: 4 and small cell cancer: 16). The incidence of aneuploidy in lung cancer..patients was 32.y %(18/55), as opposed to no cases in benign disease. And the proportion of high proliferative activity(S+GEM>22%) in lung cancer patients was 42.9% (15/35), but none in benign diseases. In (iffy-six of 75 cases(74.7%), cytology of brushing specimens and DNA analysis(either aneuploidy or high proliferative activity vs. diploidy and low proliferative activity) were in concordance. The sensitivity with only brushing cytology was 41.8%(23/55), but with the addition of DNA analysis, it was increased to 56.4%(31/55), without decreasing the specificity(100%). And there was a case whose clue for malignancy was absent except aneuploidy, and he was confirmed to have squamous cell cancer following open thoracotomy There were no differences in the frequency of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity between histologic subtypes of bronchogenic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic detection rate of lung cancer was improved with the addition of DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis, and the presence of aneuploidy or high proliferative activity was a relatively specific indicator of malignant disease. It would be useful to test DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis with brushing specimen for the diagnosis of bronchogenic malignancy particularly in patients whose biopsy specimen could not be obtainable.
Aneuploidy ; Biopsy ; Cell Cycle ; Diagnosis ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Ploidies* ; Surgical Instruments ; Thoracotomy

OBJECTIVES: The differentiation of tuberculous effusion from the other causes of exudative pleural effusion remained difficult even with aids of biochemical analyses and pleural biopsy. As the pathophysiology of tuberculous pleural effusion is an enhanced cell mediated immunity, Adenosine deaminase(ADA) and various cytokines including Inteferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) are considered as useful diagnostic tools in differentiating exudative pleural effusion The author would like to demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of TNF-α in the differentiation of exudative pleural effusion, and compared the discriminating ability of TNF-α with ADA. METHODS: Pleural fluids obtained from 80 patients (tuberculous : 39, malignant : 31, parapneumonic : 10) with exudate pleural effusions were processed for cell counts and biochemical analysis including ADA and TNF-α RESULTS: Tuberculous pleural fluid showed higher levee of ADA and TNF-α, 48.7α 32.7U/L and 184.1±214.2pg/mL than that of non-tuberculous effusion 26.0α41.3U/L and 44.1α114.2pg/mL, respectively (ADA, TNF-α : p<0.05, p<0.01). Receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curves were generated for ADA and TNF-α, and the best cut-off value for adenosine deaminase and TNF-α were considered as 30U/L and 15pg/ml, respectively. Comparing the area under the ROC curves, there was no significant difference between ADA and TNF-α CONCLUSION: For the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion from the other causes of exudative pleural effusions, TNF-α as well as ADA was considered as useful diagnostic method. However adding TNF-α to ADA has no further diagnotic benefit than ADA alone.
Adenosine ; Adenosine Deaminase ; Biopsy ; Cell Count ; Cytokines ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Pleural Effusion* ; ROC Curve ; Tuberculosis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

PURPOSE: The most important consideration for therapy using MSCs is the differentiation of the target organ's cell type. For in-vitro hepatogenic differentiation of MSCs, the main focus is efficient induction of the MSCs into the endoderm stage. Activin A, which is a signaling molecule that is similar to Nodal, promotes the induction of definitive endoderm from both ESs and MSCs. The protocols for induction into definitive endoderm have shown different efficiency and reproducibility depending on the researchers or the sources of the MSCs. Thus, a study on the various conditions of Activin A is needed to efficiently differentiate MSCs into the definitive endoderm lineage of MSCs. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues and these were cultured in MCM (MSCs Culture Medium) on a human fibronectin coated plate. At 70~80% confluence, the MSCs were harvested and cultured in MCM supplemented with Activin A, at a 50 ng/mL concentration, and FGF4. The expression of the genes related with MSCs or primitive endoderm were analyzed by RT-PCR. The changes of cell morphology for differentiation were also observed by a light microscope & a SEM. RESULTS: The expression of genes related with primitive foregut endoderm was seen in the groups that were treated with a higher concentration of Activin A. The morphology of the cells that differentiated into definitive endoderm were not different from those of the undifferentiated MSCs. The expression of genes related with functional primitive hepatocytes was seen in the early phase during hepatic differentiation. The cell morphology was changed to a similar cuboidal form in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Activin A promotes a more rapid induction of definitive endoderm. It also makes an efficient condition for the differentiation into primitive foregut endoderm at a higher concentration.
Activins ; Endoderm ; Fibronectins ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Light