No abstract available.
Immunoglobulins* ; Tetanus Toxoid* ; Tetanus* ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface conditioning with 10% polyacrylic acid, etching with 38% phosphoric acid, and polishing with a slurry of pumice on shear bond strengths of light-cured glass ionomer cement, chemically cured glass ionomer cement, and a composite resin to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements were compared with that of a composite resin. Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids after enamel surface treatments, and samples were immersed in the 37degrees C distilled water bath, and shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements and a composite resin were measured on the Instron machine after 24hrs passed, and the deboned samples were measured in respect of adhesive remnant index. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of enamel surfaces after various treatments. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. 1. Shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement showed statistically higher than that of chemically cured glass ionomer cement. 2. Shear bond strengths of light-cured and chemically cured glass ionomer cements to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid and 38% phosphoric acid showed statistically higher than those with a slurry of pumice. 3. According to scanning electron micrographs, enamel surface conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid is slightly etched and cleaned, that etched with 38% phosphoric acid is severely etched, and that polished with a slurry of pumice is irregulary scretched and not completely cleaned. 4. After debonding, light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid showed less residual materials on the enamel surface than composite resin to enamel etched with 38% phosphoric acid. 5. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid and that of composite resin to enamel etched with 38% phosphoric acid.
Adhesives ; Baths ; Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel* ; Glass Ionomer Cements* ; Glass* ; Humans ; Water

No abstract available.
Facies*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of time on shear bond strengths of a light-cured glass ionomer cement and chemically cured resin cement to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strength of a light-cured glass ionomer cement were compared with that of a resin cement Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids. Specimens were subjected to a shear load(in an Instron machine) after storage at room temperature for 5 and 15 minutes, after storage in distilled water at 37degrees C for 1 and 35 days. The deboned specimens were measured m respect of adhesive remnant index. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and t-test, and those results were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement is higher than that of resin cement at 5 and 15 minutes. 2. The shear bond strengths of both light-cured glass ionomer cement and resin cement increase with time. There was no significant difference in those of both 1 day group and 35 day group. 3. LIght-cured glass ionomer cement is suitable as orthodontic bracket adhesives.
Adhesives ; Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel ; Glass Ionomer Cements* ; Glass* ; Humans ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Resin Cements ; Water

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and relationship with depression and social disability. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of 35 panic disorder patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-IV. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism, Beck Depression Inventory and Sheehan Disability Scale. Statistics employed for the analyses were Pearson correlation and independent sample t-test. RESULTS: In personality factors and defense mechanisms, there were no definitely abnormal range of scores. But, among personality factors, tension/anxiety factor scored high and unstableness/stableness, shyness/boldness and praxernia/atunia were in low range of score. In defense mechanism, somaticzation and acting-out scored high and humor, suppression, altruism, avoidance and rationalization scored low. The mean BDI score was 18.25+/-9.97. The mean score of SDS were 4.88+/-3.11 in work category and 4.57+/-2.92 in social/leasure category. Male patients were significantly correlated with guit-proneness and atuia in personality factor and passive- aggressiveness, projection, denial and show-off in defense mechanism, compared with female patients (p<0.05). The patients' age was correlated with low intelligence in persolity factor and dissociation and anticipation in defense mechanism. It was negatively correlated with show-off (p<0.05). The BDI score was correlated with low intelligence, superego, unstableness, self-conflict, high superego and atunia in personality factor and dissociation and somatization in defense mechanism (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between BDI score and SDS work category (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Panic disorder patients show high score of tension/anxiety factor and they frequently use neurotic defense style like somatization. The depressive symptom, which depends on symptom severity, appears to have influence on work category and to cause social disability.
Altruism ; Defense Mechanisms ; Denial (Psychology) ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rationalization ; Superego

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and to compare the difference between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of 28 social phobia patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-IV. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism. We employed was the independent sample t-test for the analysis. RESULT: Among the personality factor, the shyness/boldness factor scored lower than normal in social phobia patients. Humor drfense scored lower than normal among defense mechanisms. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia in personality factors and defense mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Social phobia patients were shier and less frequently used humor defense than the ordinary people. There was no significant correlation between non-offensive and offensive types of social phobia patients in personality factors and defense mechanisms.
Defense Mechanisms ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Phobic Disorders* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

When restoring their anterior dentition, patients become more demanding on esthetics compared to posterior region during treatment planning phase. Digital Smile Design (DSD) procedure is performed in presentation software and digital photographs. This can widen diagnostic visualization and aid in transferring information between clinician, patient, and technician. This case presented is that of patient with dissatisfaction of his anterior old restoration. Retreatment procedures were carried out in two different manners: (1) using DSD protocol for diagnosis, smile simulation, communication and fabricating interim and definitive prosthesis by totally digitized workflow. (2) Using diagnostic wax-up for smile design and fabricating restorations by conventional workflow. Comparing two methods, DSD was easier to communicate between the dental team than the diagnostic wax-up method. But the final result obtained failed to meet total esthetic factors. Therefore, to obtain predictable esthetic results, more advanced design tool would be needed, including consideration of various esthetic factors besides successful communications.
Dentition ; Diagnosis ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Methods ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retreatment ; Tooth*

OBJECTIVES: Study results of association between dopamine transporter gene(DAT1) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) were not conclusive. Distribution of DAT1 polymorphism is variable according to ethnicity. Ethnic differences in the distribution of DAT1 can be an impediment to apply previous findings to Korean ADHD. This study was to examine the association between DAT1 and ADHD, and the risk allele of ADHD among DAT1 polymorphism in Korean. METHODS: DNA extracted from blood of 100 normal controls and 44 ADHD patients. DAT1 with variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR) were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The differences of allelic frequency distribution and genotype frequency distribution between patient group and control group were tested with Fisher's exact test. The pairs of allele and of genotype with difference between the two groups were selected by Fisher's excat test adjusting p-values with permutation method. Odds ratios of two alleles and of two genotypes between the two groups were computed. RESULTS: There was association between DAT1 and ADHD(genotype: p<0.05, allele: p<0.05. Patients with ADHD were more likely to have 440 base pairs than 480 base pairs comparing to controls (OR=4.46, 95% CI: 1.44-13.75). Patients with ADHD were more likely to have 9/10 genotype than 10/10 genotype comparing to controls(Odd Ration=3.74, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.11-12.61). CONCLUSIONS: We found the association between DAT1 and ADHD, and possible risk allele of Korean ADHD. Replication of the results in larger sample is needed.
Alleles ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Base Pairing ; DNA ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction