No abstract available.
Primary Myelofibrosis*

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish optimal imaging acquisition conditions for the GE Advance(TM) PET imaging system by performing the acceptance tests designed by National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) protocol and General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) test procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Performance tests were carried out with 18FDG radioactivity source and phantoms by using a standard acquisition mode. Transaxial resolution and scatter fraction tests were performed with a line source and axial resolution with a point source, respectively. A cylindrical phantom made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to measure sensitivity, count rate losses and randoms, uniformity correction, and attenuation inserts were added to measure remaining tests. The test results were acquired in a diagnostic acquisition mode and analyzed mainly on high sensitivity mode. RESULTS: Transaxial resolution and axial resolution were measured as average of 4.65 mm and 3.98 mm at 0 cm, and 6.02 mm and 6.71 mm at 20 cm on high sensitivity mode, respectively. Average scatter fraction was 9.87%, and sensitivity was 225.8 kcps/micronCi/cc of trues. Activity at 50% deadtime was 4.6 Ci/cc, and the error of count rate correction at that activity was from 1.49% to 3.83%. Average nonuniformity for total slice was 8.37%. The accuracy of scatter correction was -0.95%. The accuracies of attenuation correction were 5.68% for air, 0.04% for water and -6.51% for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). CONCLUSION: The results satisfied most acceptance criteria, indicating that the GE AdvanceTM PET system can be optimally used for clinical applications.
Electrons* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Positron-Emission Tomography* ; Radioactivity ; Water

We report a successful pregnancy in a woman who at the age of 31years received chemotherapy for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the right ovary. She was treated with multiple chemotherapy including cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and oral melphalan. She had microscopic residual cancer at the opposite ovary at second-look laparotomy. She developed secondary amenorrhea with symptoms of menopause after commencing treatment which persisted on its completion. Biochemical investigations were consistent with ovarian failure, which was assumed to be chemotherapy-induced. She was given hormonal replacement therapy with a conjugated equine estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate combination, resulting in regular withdrawal bleeding. The patient conceived 5 years after completing chemotherapy and gave birth a normal infant at term.
Amenorrhea ; Cisplatin ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Laparotomy ; Melphalan ; Menopause ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Parturition ; Pregnancy*

This review tried to set up an initial diagnostic strategy in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dyspepsia was defined as chronic or recurrent pain, or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen (i.e., epigastrium), excluding heartburn and acute abdominal conditions. We reviewed the available data in order to produce currently applicable recommendations for the diagnosis of dyspepsia in Korea. Two investigators independently conducted an independent literature search of published reports on dyspepsia and diagnosis, including alarm symptoms, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) test, empirical pharmacological therapy, and early upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The evidence concerning alarm features does not allow clear guideline whether early endoscopy should be performed or not. In Asia, including Korea, the prevalence of H. pylori and gastric cancer are high. Therefore, 'H. pylori test and treatment' strategy is not suitable for the initial diagnostic approach for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Long-term empirical pharmacological therapy is not recommended in Korea because of the possibility of missing or delaying the diagnosis of gastric cancer. There have been a lot of evidences showing that early upper GI endoscopy might be more effective than empirical medication, which is different from Western countries. However, cut-off age for early endoscopy is not clear, especially in case of young age. Further research is necessary to define highrisk age for gastric cancer and for a health economic study in the management of patients with dyspepsia in Korea.
Dyspepsia/*diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

This review tried to set up an initial diagnostic strategy in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dyspepsia was defined as chronic or recurrent pain, or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen (i.e., epigastrium), excluding heartburn and acute abdominal conditions. We reviewed the available data in order to produce currently applicable recommendations for the diagnosis of dyspepsia in Korea. Two investigators independently conducted an independent literature search of published reports on dyspepsia and diagnosis, including alarm symptoms, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) test, empirical pharmacological therapy, and early upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The evidence concerning alarm features does not allow clear guideline whether early endoscopy should be performed or not. In Asia, including Korea, the prevalence of H. pylori and gastric cancer are high. Therefore, 'H. pylori test and treatment' strategy is not suitable for the initial diagnostic approach for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Long-term empirical pharmacological therapy is not recommended in Korea because of the possibility of missing or delaying the diagnosis of gastric cancer. There have been a lot of evidences showing that early upper GI endoscopy might be more effective than empirical medication, which is different from Western countries. However, cut-off age for early endoscopy is not clear, especially in case of young age. Further research is necessary to define highrisk age for gastric cancer and for a health economic study in the management of patients with dyspepsia in Korea.
Dyspepsia/*diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossifica-tion in muscle and connective tissue, with few reported cases affecting the head and neck region. Although plain radiographic findings and computed tomography features have been well documented, limited reports exist onmagnetic resonance findings. This report presents 2 cases of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, one with limited mouth opening due to heterotopic ossification of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the other with restricted neck movement due to heterotopic ossification of the platysma muscle. Clinical findings of restricted mouth opening or limited neck movement, along with radiological findings of associated heterotopic ossification, should prompt consideration of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in the differential diagnosis. Dentists should be particularly vigilant with patients diagnosed with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva to avoid exposure to diagnostic biopsy andinvasive dental procedures.

Acquired facial lipoatrophy is a rare disease with an unclear etiology and pathological pathway. The distinct causative factors of this disease have been not elucidated, but it is suspected to be associated with immune systemrelated diseases, most notably AIDS. Although the management of facial lipoatrophy is very important for patients’ social life and mental health, no treatment framework has been developed due to the unknown nature of the disease manifestation. The present case report was designed to provide sequential imaging to visualize the disease progression. The clinical backgrounds of the patients are also introduced, helping characterize this disease entity more clearly for maxillofacial specialists.

PURPOSE: Underlying bone sclerosis is frequently observed in clinical settings when oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invades the jaw bone. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of underlying bone sclerosis in patients with OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) images of 131 patients who underwent mandibulectomy between January 2012 and December 2015 to treat OSCC. The presence, degree, and extent of underlying bone sclerosis were assessed on CT images and correlated with the following imaging patterns of bone invasion: cortical invasion, medullary invasion with a smooth margin, and medullary invasion with an irregular margin. The chi-square test was used to determine the relationships between the variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of underlying bone sclerosis on CT images was 70.1% (47 of 67). The prevalence was 85.7% (42 of 49) in patients with medullary invasion, but it was 27.8% (5 of 18) in patients with only cortical invasion, indicating a significant increase in the prevalence of underlying bone sclerosis in patients with medullary invasion (P < .05). Aggressive patterns of bone invasion were associated with increases in the degree and extent of the underlying bone sclerosis (P < .05). CONCLUSION: More than two-thirds of OSCC cases with bone invasion showed underlying bone sclerosis. On CT images, reactive sclerosis in the remaining margin of the alveolar bone should not be used as the primary means to differentiate periodontal inflammatory lesions from those resulting from OSCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sclerosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity has been recently proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing endotheial function. This endothelial function is impaired in certain cardiovascular conditions, including essential hypertension. METHODS: The study population included 50 healthy subjects aged 22 to 62 years (mean+/-SD, 42+/-12 years), all normotensive, nondiabetic with cholesterol level <220 mg/dL and no family history of premature vascular disease. Normal subjects were classified according to age into those younger than and those older than 40 years. Using high-resolution ultrasound, brachial artery diameter and flow were measured at rest, during reactive hyperemia (with flow increase causing flow-mediated dilation [FMD], which depends on normal endothelial function), and after sublingual nitroglycerin, an endothelium-independent vasodilation. To better characterize this technique, this study was an attempt to assess the flow-mediated vasodilation in two separate protocols (as follows); (1) the stimulus response to various duration of occlusion (using 1 and 5 min), and (2) the stimulus response to various pressure of occlusion (using low and high pressure). In 28 patients (mean+/-SD, 52+/-7 years) with essential hypertension, this study was additionally evaluated endothelial function. The measurements have been compared with those of 14 healthy control subjects. In all subjects, the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was also measured. This study sought to 1) determine whether endothelial dysfunction was presented in patients with essential hypertension, and 2) examine IMT in these patients. RESULTS: 1) Both in the younger and the older groups, the basal diameter and flow of the brachial artery were significantly increased in men than women. The values were 4.4+/-0.1 mm and 186+/-16 ml/min in men and 3.6+/-0.09 mm and 125+/-13 ml/min in women (p<0.001; p<0.01). In subjects younger than 40 years, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the difference in flow response were similar between men and women. But, in subjects older than 40 years, FMD was decreased in men than women (6.6+/-1.6 vs. 14.7+/-1.6%. p<0.01) and the difference in flow response was also decreased in men than women (217+/-24.3 vs. 314+/-40.5%, p<0.05). In younger and older groups, there were no significant change in the nitroglyserin response in either gender. 2) Fifteen normal subjects underwent sequential evaluation following 1 and 5 min of upper arm blood pressure cuff occlusion. There were substantial increase in brachial artery diameter and flow immediately after release of 1 and 5 min of occlusion. The FMD and the difference in flow response following release of occlusion between 5 min duration (11.5+/-1.9%, 253+/-36%) and 1 min duration (6.6+/-1.2%, 53+/-11%) were statistically significant (p<0.05; p<0.001). But, the percent change of diameter following release of occlusion between 5 and 1 min was not statistically significant (p<0.05). 3) Fourteen normal subjects was evaluated the effects of various pressure on endothelial cell function. Inflation pressure was maintained at 30 mm Hg higher than systolic pressure for 5 min and 200 mm Hg (70-90 mm Hg higher than systolic pressure) for 5 min in a random fashion, and then the cuff was suddenly deflated. The diameter and flow response following release of occlusion between high and low pressure were not statistical significance (p>0.05). 4) Flow-mediated dilatation was significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive control subjects (4.2+/-0.8 vs. 7.3+/-1.3 %, p<0.05). Intima-media thickness was significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in normotensive control subjects (0.82+/-0.04 vs. 0.64+/-0.04 mm, p<0.05). Nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (9.5+/-1.4 %) in patients with essential hypertension did not differ significantly from those in normotensive control subjects (10.0+/-2.6%, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that 1) in men older than 40 years, flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery was declined, 2) longer brachial artery occlusion resulted in more vasodilation despite similar hyperemic responses, 3) using low (30 mm Hg higher than systolic pressure) and high (70-90 mm Hg higher than systolic pressure) pressure, each pressure of occlusion was similar hyperemic response, and 4) in patients with essential hypertension, flow-medeiated vasodilation was significantly impaired and IMT was increased than in normotensive control subjects.
Adult* ; Arm ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Artery ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cholesterol ; Dilatation ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypertension* ; Inflation, Economic ; Male ; Nitroglycerin ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Diseases ; Vasodilation