OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to find the association between mothers' working hours and obesity of their children according to children's age and gender. METHODS: This study used data from the second and third year of KNHANES IV and the first year in KNHANES V (2008-2010). We calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by using survey logistic regression to assess association of mother's working hours with overweight or obesity of her children. The model was adjusted with household income, mothers' education and obesity and mothers' job characteristics. RESULTS: 13-18 aged boys whose mothers worked under 40 hours per week were higher risk for obesity and overweight (including obesity) than 13-18 aged boys whose mothers worked 40-48 hours. 6-12 aged girls whose mothers worked 49-60 hours per week were more overweight (including obesity) than girls whose mothers worked 40-48 hours per week. 13-18 aged girls whose mothers worked over 60 hours were more overweight (including obesity) than the reference. CONCLUSION: This study showed that girls' obesity was associated with mothers' long working hours. Long working hours can influence health of workers' family.
Child ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight

The purpose of this study was three-fold i) to investigate the degree of asymmetry in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and normal adults; ii) to determine the nature of difference existed between two groups; and iii) to investigate the correlationship between the degree of asymmetry and ANB and overbite in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients. The subjects consisted of 25 Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and 25 normal adults and the mean ages were 22.0 and 24.5 years, respectively. Their posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed with three-dimensional approach. The results were as follows: 1. Asymmetry of Angle's Class III malocclusion group was significant in all regions except cranial base. Their horizontal asymmetry was seen in mandibular angle, maxillary and mandibular 1st molar, mandibular midline and menton. Vertical asymmetry was observed in maxillary 1st molar and mandibular shape and anteroposterior asymmetry in mandibular angle. 2. Nine variables indicating asymmetry were selected and each variable had similar discriminant score. 3. There was a little correlationship between ANB and asymmetric variable(MSR-B6) and its correlation coefficients was 0.3564. 4. There was no significant correlationship between overbite and asymmetric variables.
Adult ; Facial Asymmetry* ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Molar ; Overbite ; Skull Base

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is a very rare interstitial lung disease in infants. It is poorly understood, but its pathological features are distinct; they include uniform alveolar septal thickening, caused by a group of oval to spindle-shaped cells containing abundant glycogen, without apparent inflammation or fibrosis. PIG is usually associated with a good prognosis. However, in the present report, we describe the case of a 5-month-old male infant who died due to PIG; he was severely underweight and not administered proper treatment or care. The pathology of PIG was determined following a medico-legal autopsy.
Autopsy ; Fibrosis ; Glycogen ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Male ; Prognosis ; Thinness

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS IV) is a hereditary disorder of the connective tissue, characterized by easy bruising, thin skin with visible veins, and spontaneous rupture of the large arteries, uterus, or bowel. EDS IV is caused by mutations of the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1), resulting in insufficient collagen production or a defect in the structure of collagen. EDS IV can have fatal complications such as the rupture of great vessels or organs, which can cause hemorrhaging and sudden unexpected death. Here, we report a case of a 43-year-old female who collapsed after a struggle with a neighbor. In this patient, the bifurcation of the bilateral common iliac artery ruptured, with no evidence of trauma, inflammation, or atherosclerosis. Genetic analysis of COL3A1 showed the presence of a c.2771G>A (p.Gly924Arg) mutation, which may be associated with EDS IV. The forensic pathologist should consider the possibility that the spontaneous visceral or arterial rupture was caused by EDS IV. Genetic analysis is not currently a routine procedure during autopsy. However, in this case, we suggest that the patient possibly had an underlying EDS IV condition, and we recommended family members of the deceased to seek genetic analysis and counseling.
Adult ; Aortic Rupture* ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Autopsy ; Collagen ; Collagen Type III ; Connective Tissue ; Counseling ; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Inflammation ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Skin ; Uterus ; Veins

A teenaged female was found dead in front of a three story building. Blunt force injuries were found mainly in the right upper-posterior part of the body. Autopsy findings revealed basal skull fracture, multiple rib fractures of the right thoracic cage, both scapular fractures and right iliac bone fracture. Additionally, typical so-called 'tramline'bruises were bilaterally noted at buttocks. The hymen was intact, but showed mucosal hemorrhage. After the personal identity was revealed, the police could find a witness who heard the detailed description of the criminal acts from one of the suspects. According to the witness, the deceased was pushed by two other teenaged girls from the concrete fence of the roof floor after the suspects molested the genitalia of the deceased and beat on the buttocks with a wooden stick. Mathematical estimation of the height of fall based on the severity of injuries correlates with that of the three story building. Authors suggest that a careful examination of injury patterns is required to differentiate homicidal falls from suicidal or accidental ones. Furthermore, application of mathematical model might be helpful to estimate the height of falls or correlate the assumed height of fall with severity of injuries.
Accidental Falls ; Autopsy ; Buttocks ; Contusions ; Criminals ; Female ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Forensic Pathology ; Fractures, Bone ; Genitalia ; Hemorrhage ; Homicide ; Humans ; Hymen ; Models, Theoretical ; Police ; Rib Fractures ; Skull Fractures ; Wit and Humor as Topic

PURPOSE: Recently, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy has become the treatment of choice for the symptomatic, large, and simple renal cyst because of its minimal invasiveness and high effectiveness. The recurrence rate of a percutaneous aspiration only, was reported to range from 30 to 70%. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of the treatment in 36 cases of simple renal cysts from October 1993 to December 1999 were evaluated. The symptoms associated with simple renal cysts were: flank pain or discomfort (50%), none (47.2%) and a palpable mass (2.8%). The simple renal cysts were treated with a percutaneous aspiration only in 6 cases, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using 99% ethanol in 21 cases or a 10% minocycline solution in 9 cases. All patients were followed up by ultrasound for 6 to 56 months (mean 18 months). RESULTS: Complete collapse, and partial collapse rate of the renal cysts were 1/6 (16.7%), 2/6 (33.3%) in the aspiration only group, 6/21 (28.6%), 14/21 (66.7%) in the 99% ethanol group and 3/9 (33.3%), 4/9 (44.4%) in the 10% minocycline solution group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, a percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using either 99% ethanol or 10% minocycline solution appears to be an effective way to the prevent re-accumulation of cystic fluid. However, the success rates in the percutaneous aspiration with sclerotherapy using 99% ethanol and 10% minocycline solution were not significantly different.
Ethanol ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Minocycline ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ultrasonography

Sec13p has been known as an endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport protein. Recently, it has also been shown to be required for the formation of septation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the present study, we focused on the role of a human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC13, Sec13 protein during mitosis in U2OS cells. We found that the expression of Sec13 was constant throughout the cell cycle, and localized to the kinetochores at metaphase during mitosis. By using green fluorescent protein technology, we observed that Sec13 is required for evasion of mitotic arrest in response to spindle damage, leading to G1-like phase and apoptotic cell death. In addition, cells expressing exogenous Sec13 showed giant nuclei compared to endogenous ones in the absence of nocodazole. These results demonstrate that Sec13 is involved in the regulation of the metaphase/anaphase transition and may be functionally associated with mitotic machinery to maintain genomic stability during mitosis.
Anaphase ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; *G1 Phase ; *Genomic Instability ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Metaphase ; Mitosis/*physiology ; *Mitotic Spindle Apparatus ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Osteosarcoma/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUND: The use of troglitazone (a PPARgamma ligand) and COX-2 inhibitor have been intensively studied for inhibition of tumor growth in cancer treatment, but the anti-tumor effect with a combination of these agents for cancer has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if low concentrations of troglitazone with COX-2 inhibitor in combination would cause significant cytotoxicity in glioma cells. METHODS: The effects of co-treatment with troglitazone and COX-2 inhibitor on cell growth and apoptosis were assessed by use of trypan blue exclusion and a DNA fragmentation assay. A western blot was used to analyze the apoptotic signaling for the expression of bcl-2, bax, PARP and p21 proteins. RESULTS: A low dose of troglitazone (5micrometer) and COX-2 inhibitor (5micrometer) strongly enhanced the cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in glioma cells when compared to a low dose of each drug alone. Western blotting analysis showed a decreased expression of bcl-2 and PARP proteins. In contrast, the bax protein level was increased. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of troglitazone and COX-2 inhibitor in a low dose elicits synergistic cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Our study also demonstrates that down regulation of bcl-2, fragmentation of PARP protein and increased expression of bax protein were accompanied by co-treatment with troglitazone and the COX-2 inhibitor.
Apoptosis ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; DNA Fragmentation ; Down-Regulation ; Glioma* ; PPAR gamma ; Trypan Blue

BACKGROUND: Headache/eyestrain symptoms are common health problems that people experience in daily life. Various studies have examined risk factors contributing to headache/eyestrains, and physicochemical exposure was found to be a leading risk factor in causing such symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of headache/eyestrain symptoms with physicochemical exposure among Korean construction workers depended on worksite.METHODS: This study used data from the 4th Korean Workers Conditions Survey and selected 1,945 Korean construction workers as participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship.RESULTS: Exposure to vibrations among all construction workers affected the moderate exposure group [odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.32], the high exposure group (OR 1.77 95%CI 1.17–2.67), and the indoor high exposure group (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.02-2.55) and among outdoor construction workers, the moderate group (OR 6.61, 95%CI 15.4–28.48) and the high group (OR 6.61, 95%CI 1.56–27.98). When exposed to mist, dust, and fumes, the indoor high exposure group was significantly affected (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.07–2.47). All construction workers exposed to organic solvents were affected, high exposure group (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.15–2.49) and indoor high exposure group (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.08–2.89). The high exposure group in all construction worker (OR 1.70, 95%CI 1.20–2.42) and the indoor high exposure group (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.17–2.89) also were affected by secondhand smoking exposure.CONCLUSION: Many physicochemical exposure factors affect headache/eyestrain symptoms among construction workers, especially indoor construction workers, suggesting a deficiency in occupational hygiene and health environments at indoor construction worksites.
Dust ; Headache ; Hygiene ; Logistic Models ; Risk Factors ; Solvents ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Vibration ; Workplace

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disease characterized by a progressive decline in muscular function, with cardiomyopathy in the later stages. We report the autopsy findings of a 29-year-old man with DMD. He had been stable with the assistance of mechanical ventilation until he was found unconscious, without known cause. External examination confirmed generalized muscular atrophy and contracture consistent with his clinical history. Histopathology revealed varying degrees of fibrofatty changes in the muscles, with the calf muscles being the most extensively affected, followed by the diaphragm and heart. The cardiac muscle showed the least involvement and the pathology was confined to the left ventricular wall and the interventricular septum, exhibiting a unique morphology of fibrosis resembling stretched springs. The cause of death was attributed to cardiac failure due to DMD progression. This case highlights the clinical course of DMD, emphasizing the need for thorough examination of both skeletal and non-skeletal muscles, including the cardiac muscles, to obtain a better understanding of the disease.