No abstract available.
Humans ; Patient Education as Topic*

During the past 10 years, concern for women's health has increased together with the social changes. Public health policies and studies for women's health, however, have emphasized only child-maternal health to want general covering and studies of health and wellness. Particularly study of women's health in island area is almost rare personal, material benefits in this area lack quantity, amount of women's labor is big, and basic elements of living such as diet and elimination are irregular, due to the range of the tide thus has many potential health problems. In this regard, this study attempted to grasp the health problems of adult women island and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health problems of adult women island and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for this study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from August 1 to November 1 in 1996. And collected data were analyzed with SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status were examined by classifying into such as their health perception, complained health problem, smoking, alcohol intake, substance abuse, health behavior, comprehensive medical testing, nutritional status, muscle strength, and stretching, and the result of examination is as follows ; 1. As for subjects' health perception, 29.8% of the subject answered that 'not sick but not so healthy' 33.11% thought they were healthy, while 36.82% answered they were not healthy. 2. As for the complained health problem, many complained pains in the muscle and skeletal system, especially back pain and knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with the breast and reproductive system included case of 52.26% of receiving the breast self examination while 56.55% of receiving the cerivcal cancer screening test. 3. As for the rate of smoking, 16.77% used to smoke while 12.74% used to intake alcohol. 4. Rate of substance abuse was 48.39% of the subject. 5. Subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture(60.64%) and fomentation therapy(33.36%) in the order. 6. Rate of subjects receiving the comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after ward managing behaviors. 7. As for the nutrition status, 57.63% illy balanced to need the intervention of nutritional education. 8. 87.1% of subjects' muscle strength and 55.48% of stretching were not good enough to need the health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on this result, appropriate health education programs require to be developed to promote the adult women's health in island.
Adult* ; Back Pain ; Breast ; Breast Self-Examination ; Diet ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Exercise ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Maternal Health ; Muscle Strength ; Nutritional Status ; Public Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Change ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Compared to urban communities, rural districts are in lack of medical service. With an increasing population of old aged people and low economical income, the demand for reinforcing health organizations is growing. Woman's health is expecially an important source of their family members' lives. Public health policies and studies for women's health, however, have emphasized only child-maternal health to want general covering and studies of health and wellness. Particularly study of women's health in rural area is almost rare that personal, material benefits in this area lack quantity, amount of women's labor is big, and basic elements of living such as diet and elimination are irregular, due to the range of the tide thus has many potential health problems. In this regard, this study attempted to grasp the health problems of adult women in rural area and to provide bases for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for this study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from January to April 1 in 1998. And collected data were analyzed with SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status were examined by classifying into such as their health perception, complained health problem, smoking, alcohol intake, substance abuse, health behavior, comprehensive medical testing, muscle strength and stretching, and the result of examination is follows : 1. As for subjects' health perception, 1.47% of the subject answered that 'not sick but not so healthy' 27.94% thought they were healthy, while 69.7% answered they were not healthy. 2. As for the complained health problem, many complained pains in the muscle and skeletal system, especially back pain, finger joint and knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with the breast and reproductive system include case of 52.26% of receiving the breast self examination while 56.55% of receiving the cervical cancer screening test. 3. As for the rate of smoking, 1.47% used to smoke while 40.30% used to intake alcohol. 4. Rate of substance abuse was 46.03% of the subject. 5. Rate of subjects receiving the comprehensive medical testing was 36.76% while 63.24% did afterward managing behaviors. 6. 47% of subjects' muscle strength and 13% of stretching were not good enough to need the health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on this result, appropriate health education programs require to be developed to promote the adult women's health in rural area.
Adult* ; Back Pain ; Breast ; Breast Self-Examination ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Finger Joint ; Hand Strength ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Mass Screening ; Muscle Strength ; Maternal Health ; Public Health ; Rural Population ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This erratum is being published to correct of Table 3 and page 1149.

PURPOSE: This study was to understand to the nursing theory frame contained in the traditional philosophy and western nursing theory for the theory development fit for Korean people and to identified the strategy for nursing theory development. METHOD: To perform this study various relevant texts-western, eastern, classical and contemporary were reviewed. RESULT: The metaparadigm of the nursing in western considers four major factors-Human being, Environment, Health and Nursing. In Korea, the metaparadigm of nursing considers three major factors-Universe, Human being (body, life, health, disease) and Nursing. The key strategy for establishing comprehensive nursing theory which combines both western and eastern is to study the nursing literature based on eastern and western philosophy. Theorists should study the life and culture of the specific nation in order to understand the essence of the thoughts and psychology of the patients and to investigate the phenomena, which will be the foundation of theory development. CONCLUSION: Western nursing theory must be utilized to provide practical framework for the development of nursing theory, and practical approach is necessary for combining western and eastern theory.
Humans ; Korea ; Nursing Theory* ; Nursing* ; Philosophy ; Psychology

The purpose of this study was to examine depression in order to identify health care strategies to improve health promotion among mid-aged women. There were 515 participants aged 40-65 years old, staying in the Seoul area. The data were collected from July to September, 1999. The instrument for this study was Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI) to evaluate depression. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and Multiple logistic Analysis. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The average depression scores was 10.19 which is relatively low. 2. The depression score was significantly by age(p=0.005), marital status(p=0.049), level of education(p=0.0001), an average income (p=0.0001) and leisure acting (p=0.0001). Therefore this study suggests that the replicate study is needed more at different areas.
Delivery of Health Care ; Depression* ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine depression in order to identify and improve health care policies promoting health among Korean women. METHOD: There were 329 participants, all older than 18 years old, and staying in Kyungki-Do, city. The data was collected from July to September 1999. The instrument used for this study was the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) to evaluate depression. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, X2-test and Multiple logistic Analysis. RESULT: The result of this study are as follows: 1. Among the participants, 90.6% had normal to mild depression and 9.4% had severe depression. 2. For general characteristics, there were significant difference in the degree of depression according to age(P=0.0001), and marital status(P=0.0001). As for health related characteristics, the depression scores were affected by health perception(P= 0.0001), menopause(P=0.0005), stress (P= 0.0001) and sexual activity (P=0.0001). 3. There was a significant relationship between marital status and stress. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a replicate study is needed. The results are also is useful in developing various nursing intervention programs.
Adolescent ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Sexual Behavior

During the past 10 years, concern for community people's health has increased together with the changes. Public health policies and studies for community people's health, however, have influenced those in child-maternal health care to want more general coverage and studies of health and wellness. Particularly, the study of community people's health in the extent an island area is almost rare as that personal and the material benefits in this area are lacking of community people's work is large, and the basic elements of living, such as diet and elimination, are irregular due to the schedule of the tide. Thus, there are many potential health problems. In this regard, the study attempted to understand the health problems of island community people and to provide a basis for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for the study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from October 1 to December 30, 1996. Collected data were analyzed with the SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status was examined by classifying into such categories as their health perception, complaints of health problem, related lifestyle, psychosocial health staus, the result of examination is as follows; 1. For subjects' health perception, 26.9% of the subject answered not sick, but not so healthy'; 30.9% thought they were healthy, while 22.9% answered that they were not healthy. 2.For the health problem complaints many complained of pains in their muscles and skeletal system, especially knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with breast and the reproductive system included 52.3% of cases doing breast self examination, while 56.55% received the cervical cancer screening test. In men's health problems, 44.2% of subjects answered that they have moderate to severe BPH(Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) symptom. 3.There were statistically a significant difference in the degree of physical health according to marital status(p=0.0028), occupation(p=0.0442), income(p=0.0357). 4.For stress status, 17.2% was to need the intervention, 50.2% was to need observation. 5.The mean score of self-esteem was 27.7 showing a relatively high score. 6.For the rate of smoking, 37.7% used to smoke, while 28% used to take alcohol. 7.The rate of substance abuse was 45.9% of subjects. 8.Most of subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture (52%). 9. The rate of subjects receiving comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after care managing behavior. 10.For the obesity grade, 53% is normal weight, low-weight 32.8%, obesity 33%. 11. For nutrition status, 78.7% illy balanced to need intervention of nutritional education. 12. For 78.7% of subjects, muscle strength and 40.7% of stretching were not good enough to need health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on the results, appropriate health education programs need to be developed to promote health of community people on an island.
Acupuncture ; Appointments and Schedules ; Breast ; Breast Self-Examination ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Education ; Exercise ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Life Style ; Mass Screening ; Maternal Health ; Men's Health ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Public Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Women's Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. RESULTS: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows; 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). CONCLUSION: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.
Acupuncture ; Aged* ; Complement System Proteins ; Complementary Therapies ; Diet Therapy ; Ethmoid Bone ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. RESULTS: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows; 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). CONCLUSION: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.
Acupuncture ; Aged* ; Complement System Proteins ; Complementary Therapies ; Diet Therapy ; Ethmoid Bone ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged